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sames SA9101 features pcm frame aligner 1/40 n frame alignment/synthesis for pcm30 double frame and crc-multiframe format. n meets ccitt rec.g704 n interface to route selectable between hdb3 and fibre optical n hdb3 outputs switchable between fully bauded and half bauded format n error checking via crc4 procedure n insertion and extraction of alarms and facility signals n selectable system - clock (4096 khz/ 8192 khz) n selectable interface mode (2048/4096 kbit/s) to system internal highway n programmable offsets for receive and transmit data n two frame receive buffer for receive route clock wander and jitter compensation n slip detection and direction indication n extended hdb3 error detection m71-1797 pds039-SA9101-001 rev.a 09-09-94 description: the SA9101 (frame alignment unit for pcm30 systems) is a c-mos device which implements the interface to pcm30 transmission systems. in the receive direction, the device performs hdb3 decoding, frame alignment (selectable between doubleframe and crc-multiframe) and extraction of signalling data. wander absorption between the pcm carrier and the system internal highway is performed using an internal 2 frame memory. the incoming data stream is monitored and n error counters for code errors (switchable to "s i zeros counter"), frame errors and crc4 errors n sub-multiframe assigned crc error indication with possibility of automatic insertion in si-bit position of outgoing multiframe. n simplified data transfer between SA9101 and controller, supported by data stacks for receive and transmit signalling data, selectable interrupt- sources and dma facilities. n double frame marker for serial data extraction support n repeated transmission of signalling data, if not updated. n three transparent modes for timeslot 0 in transmit direction n transparent mode for receive direction n hdb3 error indication n idle channel data insertion selectable for any timeslot n channel loopback capabilities, test and diagnostic capabilities n parity checks
SA9101 sames 2/40 description (cont.) status and error conditions are reported through the p interface. in the transmit direction, frame (and multiframe) alignment, signalling data insertion and hdb3 coding is performed. if multiframe format is enabled, crc4 extraction and checking are carried out in the receive direction and crc4 data is inserted in the transmit direction. stacks for transmit and receive signalling data with dma capability as well as maskable interrupt sources simplify interfacing to microcontrollers. alarm simulation capabilities and selectable channel-loopback, support system diagnostics. different transparent modes for timeslot 0 in transmit direction simplify system test and data transmission through the system. advanced algorithms for synchronisation of doubleframe and crc4 multiframe format data, and monitoring of frame and doubleframe formats minimise loss of data. control registers allow different control settings through the p interface. advanced c-mos technology ensures low power consumption and high reliability. the device is upwards compatible with the siemens acfa (peb 2035 v4.1) in pcm30 mode. package: dip/dic - 40 package: plcc - 44 pin connections
SA9101 sames 3/40 block diagram
SA9101 sames 4/40 operational characteristics t a = 25c; v dd = 5v 5%; v ss = 0v limit values parameter symbol min. max. unit input capacitance c in 10 pf output capacitance c out 15 pf i/o c io 20 pf absolute maximum ratings* parameters symbol min max unit supply voltage v dd - v ss -0.3 6 v voltage on any i/o pin v i /v o -0.3 v dd +0.3 v current on any i/o pin i i /i o 20 ma storage temperature t stg -55 +125 c operating temperature t op -10 +70 c package power dissipation p d 1000 mw *stress above those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. this a stress rating only. functional operation of the device at these or any other condition above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification, is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods may affect device reliability. dc operational characteristics v dd = 5v, t = 10c..+70c limit values parameter symbol min. max. unit remarks supply voltage v dd -v ss 4.5 5.5 v supply current (dynamic) i dd 100 ma standby current i dds 100 a inputs high voltage v ih 2.4 v low voltage v il 0.8 v leakage current i leak -5 5 a v i =0..v dd input acknq pullup current -i pup 10 30 a v i =0 outputs high voltage v oh 2.8 v i oh =-1ma low voltage v ol 0.4 v i ol =2ma bidirects input high voltage v ih 2.4 v input low voltage v il 0.8 v tristate current i leak -10 10 a v i =0..v dd output high voltage v oh 2.8 v i oh =-1ma output low voltage v ol 0.4 v i ol =2ma electrical characteristics
SA9101 sames 5/40 pin description pin no. dil plcc aint/dfpy o 3 5 alarm interrupt/double frame parity acknlq i 32 36 dma acknowledge a[3-0] i 19-16 21-18 address bus ceq i 22 26 chip enable chpar/dfm o 4 6 receive channel parity/ double frame marker cos i 23 27 carrier out of service dra i 27 31 receive data in plus drb i 26 30 receive data in minus dro o 2 4 receive data out dxa o 38 42 transmit data out plus dxb o 39 43 transmit data out minus dxi i 30 34 transmit data in d[7-0] b 14-7 16-9 data bus opin i 29 33 receive optical interface data opout o 6 8 transmit optical interface data rcas/rreq o 35 39 receive ts16 signal/receive dma interrupt request rclk i 25 29 receive route clock rdq i 20 22 read enable resq i 31 35 reset rfspq o 5 7 receive frame synchronisation pulse sclk i 24 28 system clock sypq i 28 32 synchronisation pulse tcas/xreq o 36 40 transmit ts16 signal/transmit dma interrupt request v dd s 15 17 +5v supply v ss s 34 38 0v ground wrq i 21 25 write enable xchpar o 33 37 transmit channel parity xrclk o 37 41 transmit route clock xtom o 1 3 test data output minus xtop o 40 44 test data output plus pin name direction description
SA9101 sames 6/40 description of interfaces fibre optical interface the fibre optical interface is enabled via the microprocessor interface. signal pin input/output/bidirect function opin 29 i optical fibre in unipolar input signal at 2048 kbps input polarity sense is programmable via cr8b3. latching of data is performed with the falling edge of rclk if optical interface is selected via cr1b2. (see fig. 6 line interface timing.) opout 6 o optical fibre out unipolar output signal at 2048 kbps the output's active polarity is programmable via cr6b7. data is clocked out on the rising edge of xrclk. data duty cycle is 100%. (see fig. 6 line interface timing.) rclk 25 i route clock this clock, derived from the incoming data by the line interface circuit (eg. ipat (peb2235)), is necessary for clocking received data into the SA9101. xrclk 37 o transmit route clock this 2048khz clock is generated from the station clock, sclk. (see fig. 5 system interface timing and fig. 6 line interface timing.) pcm30 interface signal pin input/output/bidirect function dra 27, i data receive +/- drb 26 i hdb3 coded pcm signal dxa 38, o data transmit +/- dxb 39 o hdb3 coded pcm signal rclk 25 i route clock f = 2.048 mhz xrclk 37 o transmit route clock
SA9101 sames 7/40 clock generator signal pin input/output/bidirect function sclk 24 i system clock f=4,096 mhz/8,192mhz rfspq 5 o receive frame pulse frequency: 8 khz duration: 488 ns if loss of synchronisation, the line frame pulse is inhibited sypq 28 i synchronous pulse defines start of frame for system internal data, together with the programmed offset values of transmit and receive counter. pulse width: >244 ns period: multiples of 125s diu controller signal pin input/output/bidirect function d0 - d7 7 - 14 b bidirectional 8 bit data-bus a0 - a3 16 - 19 i address lines for SA9101 internal registers ceq 22 i chip enable input wrq 21 i write enable input rdq 20 i read enable input cos 23 i carrier out of service input. SA9101 sends ais to pcm30 interface if input is at 1 xreq 36 o transmit dma interrupt request rreq 37 o receive dma interrupt request aint 3 o alarm interrupt request acknlq 32 i dma acknowledge (active low) (not used when cr6b6 = 0. if not used then pin must be fixed to v dd .) if access to internal ts16 signalling stacks is enabled this input acts as an "access enable" to the internal stacks (crab0-7 for t x and sr7b0-7 for r x ) in conjunction with a read/write command without the need of generating the chip enable signal at ceq. in this case it is to be connected to the acknowledge output of the dma controller.
SA9101 sames 8/40 system internal highway signal pin input/output/bidirect function dro 2 o data receive out dxi 30 i data transmit in timeslot channels 0 - 31 to/from pcm30 interface. bit rate 2048 kbit/s or 4096 kbit/s selectable via microprocessor interface. cas processing signal pin input/output/bidirect function dro 2 o data receive out dxi 30 i data transmit in rcas 35 o receive cas, active high marks reception of channel 16 tcas 36 o transmit cas, active high marks transmission of channel 16 test/supervision signal pin i nput/output/bidirect function chpar 4 o receive channel parity appears according to the related channel (timeslot) dfpar 3 o doubleframe parity during a current double-frame, the parity of the previous double-frame appears on dfpar xtop 40, o hdb3-coded pcm (+), pcm (-) signal xtom 1 o for hdb3 diagnostic loop resq 31 i reset (output disable) asynchronous reset signal (active low), resets the internal circuit and switches all outputs to high impedance state - must be held low for minimum of 2s xchpar 33 i transmit channel parity
SA9101 sames 9/40 functional description receive path receive link interface for data input, two different data types, with selectable input active polarity sense, are supported: - dual rail data (pcm[+], pcm[-]) at ports dra, drb received from a line interface unit. - unipolar data at port opin (pcm 30) received from a fibre optical interface. latching of data is carried out using the falling edge of the receive route clock (rclk, 2048 khz) recovered from the pcm receive data stream. dual rail data is subsequently converted into a single rail, unipolar bit stream. the hdb3 line code is used along with double violation detection or extended code violation detection (selectable). these errors increment the code violation counter. when using the unipolar input mode, the decoder is by-passed and no code violation will be detected. additionally, the receive link interface comprises the alarm detection for ais (alarm indication signal: unframed bit stream with constant logical one) and nos (no signal: input signal with insufficient bit rate or insufficient density of ones). the single rail bit stream is then processed by the receiver . receiver the following functions are performed: - synchronization of pulse frame - synchronization of crc4 multi-frame - error indication when pulse frame synchronization is lost. in this case, ais is sent to the system side. if the receiver is in transparent mode, ais is suppressed. - initiating and controlling of re-synchronization after loss of synchronization. this may be carried out automatically by the SA9101, or under user control via the microprocessor interface. - detection of remote alarm indication from the incoming data stream. - separation of service bits and data link bits. this information is stored in special status registers. - generation of control signals to synchronize the crc checker, the parity generator, and the receive speech memory control unit. if the multi-frame format is selected, crc checking of the incoming data stream is done by generating check bits for a crc submultiframe according to the crc 4 procedure (pcm30, refer to ccitt rec. g704). these bits are compared with those check bits that are received during the next crc sub-multiframe. if there is a mismatch, the crc error counter will be incremented. this 8-bit counter (default) can be extended to 10-bit length, by writing to the control registers.
SA9101 sames 10/40 receive speech memory the speech memory is organized as a two-frame elastic buffer with a size of 64 x 9 bit (8-bit channel data plus one parity bit). the functions are: - compensation of input wander and jitter. maximum wander amplitude (peak-to- peak) = 190 ui (1ui = 488 ns) - frame alignment between system frame and receive route frame - reporting and controlling of slips controlled by special signals generated by the receiver, the unipolar bit stream is converted into bit-parallel, channel-serial data which is circularly written to the speech memory. at the same time, a parity signal is generated over each channel and also stored in the speech memory. reading of stored data is controlled by the system clock (sclk) and the synchronization pulse (sypq) in conjunction with the programmed offset values for the receive timeslot/ clock slot counters. after conversion into a serial data stream and parity checking (errors are reported via the status registers), the data is given out via port dro. channel parity information is output at port chpar with selectable parity type (odd or even). two bit rates (2048/4096 kbps) are selectable via the microprocessor interface. figure 1.0: the receive speech memory as circularly organized memory
SA9101 sames 11/40 figure 1.0 illustrates the operation of the receive speech memory: a slip condition is detected when the write pointer (w) and the read pointer (r) of the memory are nearly coincident, i.e. the write pointer is within the slip limits (s+, s-). if a slip condition is detected, a negative slip ( the next received frame is skipped) or a positive slip (the previous received frame is read out twice) is performed at the system interface, depending on the difference between rclk and sclk, i.e. on the position of pointer r and w within the memory. to reduce delay, the receive speech memory can be switched to one frame length. for correct operation, system clock sclk and synchronization pulse sypq have to be derived from the receive route clock rclk and the receive frame synchronous pulse rfspq (pll application). in single frame mode, however, it is not possible to perform a slip after the slip condition has been detected. receive transparent mode if enabled, the frame aligner does not try to synchronise on the received data if synchronisation is lost. the ais to the system interface is disabled. the data appears on the system interface synchronised to the system clock (sclk) as received. transmit path the pcm data is received from the system internal highway at port dxi at 2048 kbps or 4096 kbps. the channel assignment is equivalent to the receive direction. data in invalid timeslots will be ignored. latching of data is controlled by the system clock (sclk) and the synchronization pulse (sypq), in conjunction with the programmed offset values of the transmit timeslot/ clockslot counters. the transmit route clock (xrclk) is derived directly from the system clock by an internal clock divider. consequently, the data received from the system interface is switched through without the need of intermediate storage. the parity generation/checking mechanism is symmetrical to the receive path. the channel data is checked with the channel parity information generated internally or externally (input at port xchpar with selectable parity type). errors are reported to the microprocessor interface. to avoid difficulties with external parity generation, the parity signal for non-speech data (ts0 and ts16) is ignored. transmitter the serial bit stream is then processed by the transmitter which has the following functions: - frame/multiframe synthesis of one of the selectable framing formats - insertion of service and data link information. - remote alarm generation - crc generation and insertion of crc bits
SA9101 sames 12/40 transmit link interface similar to the receive link interface two different data types with selectable active polarity for the output are supported: - dual rail data (pcm[+], pcm[-]) at ports dxa, dxb with selectable duty cycle (50% or 100%) transmitted to a line interface unit. single rail data is converted into a dual rail bit stream. the hdb3 line code is employed. - unipolar data at port opout with 100% duty cycle transmitted to a fibre optical interface. clocking of data is carried out on the positive transitions of the transmit route clock: xrclk (2048 khz). xrclk is generated by the SA9101. additionally, the dual rail outputs xtop and xtom are provided for test applications. additional functions alarm interrupt normally, the control of data transmission via the pcm line is carried out by polling the internal status registers of the SA9101 at equal time intervals. however, for fast error handling the option exists to configure a specific output port as interrupt port (aint). this signal may be connected to an interrupt input of the on-board processor. triggering of the output may be caused by up to 10 maskable interrupt sources. single channel loop back as one of the extended test options, the single channel loop back enables reflection of a selected channel back to the system interface at port dro. ts16 extraction/insertion ts16 data can be extracted/inserted via the p or the dma facility provided. for p interface, rreq/xreq act as interrupts. when one of these interrupts is received two bytes must be read/written consecutively before next frame information is written into it. for dma operation see detailed timing diagram, fig 7.3. (see diu controller pin description table, cr6b6 register and sr5b5 register descriptions.) data extraction/insertion is also possible through the serial ports dro and dxi by using a multiplexer in conjunction with the control signals rcas/tcas generated by the SA9101. serial data extraction on system side together with the double frame marker generated by the SA9101, any position in the serial data can be pointed to, for extraction. idle code insertion in tx direction any channel can be selected for idle code insertion using the idle channel register bank.
SA9101 sames 13/40 signal processing general pcm line bit rate : 2048 kbps 50 ppm single frame length : 256 bit, no. 1 ... 256 framing frequency : 8 khz organization : 32 timeslots, no. 0 ... 31 with 8 bits each, no. 1 ... 8 timeslot 0 is reserved for frame alignment word and service information. switching between the two word framing formats (doubleframe/crc-multiframe) is done via the control register. line interfacing - dual rail data with hdb3 coding in conjunction with double violation detection or extended code violation detection. errors are counted by the code violation counter. (selectable between 8 and 10 bit counter.) - single rail unipolar data with no zero suppression algorithm. general alarms - ais : detection and transmission. - nos : no signal detection. - rai : remote alarm indication and transmission. channel assignment (including timeslot 0) the channel (timeslot) assignment from the pcm line to the system internal highway is performed without any changes of channel numbering (ts0,...,ts31). in the receive direction, the contents of timeslot 0 are switched through transparently. in the transmit direction, the contents of timeslot 0 of the outgoing pcm frame are normally generated by the SA9101. additionally, one of three transparent modes can be selected to achieve transparency either for sn bit information, sn and si bit information or for all of the data in timeslot 0. s n and s i bits can be fed through from the system interface (dxi) by activating transparent mode cr5b4, known as timeslot 0 signalling transparent mode. only s n bits can be fed through dxi when the extended signalling transparent mode is activated. priority is in the following order: highest - timeslot 0 transparent mode (cr5b5) medium - timeslot 0 extended signalling transparent mode (cx1b6) lowest - timeslot 0 signalling transparent mode (cr5b4)
SA9101 sames 14/40 transparent framing mode (incl. crc) a bit s n bits s i bits double frame crc non-transparent internally cr4b5 cr4b0..4 1 cr4b7 & cr5b2 cr5b0 & cr5b1 2 generated cr5b5 via dxi via dxi via dxi via dxi via dxi cr5b4 internally cr4b5 via dxi via dxi via dxi generated cx1b6 internally cr4b5 via dxi cr4b7 & cr5b2 cr5b0 & cr5b1 2 generated notes: 1) the s n bit stack may be used optionally 2) automatic transmission of submultiframe error indication is selectable general signalling -s n (y) bits. -s i bits. signalling - ccs: for common channel signalling the use of timeslot 16 is recommended. the use of ccs is allowed with both the doubleframe and the crc-multiframe format. - cas-cc: for channel associated signalling the use of timeslot 16 is recommended. the autonomous cas multiframe structure is not related to a doubleframe or a crc- multiframe structure (refer to ccitt g704 paragraph 3.3.3). note: cas multiframe synchronization and syntheses are not performed by the SA9101. doubleframe format the framing structure is defined by the contents of timeslot 0 (refer to table 1). bit number 1 2 3 45678 frame containing the frame s i 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 alignment signal note 1 frame alignment signal frame not containing the s i 1 a s n0 s n1 s n2 s n3 s n4 frame alignment signal note 1 note 2 note 3 note 4 table 1: allocation of bits 1 to 8 of timeslot 0 alternate frames
SA9101 sames 15/40 1. s i bits: reserved for international use. if not used, these bits should be fixed to 1. access to received information via bits sr4b7 and sr5b2. transmission is enabled via bits cr4b7 and cr5b2. 2. fixed to 1. used for synchronization. 3. remote alarm indication: in normal operation 0; in alarm condition 1'. transmission is done through cr4b5 and reception is indicated by interrupt (maskable) and sr0b4. 4. s n (y) bits: reserved for national use. if not used, they should be fixed at 1. access to received information via bits sr4b[4-0]. transmission is enabled via bits cr4b[4-0] synchronization procedure synchronization status is reported via p-interface status register. framing errors are counted by the framing error counter. loss of synchronization is reached after detecting 3 consecutive incorrect fas words or 3 consecutive incorrect service words (bit 2 1 1 in timeslot 0 of every frame not containing the frame alignment word). when this occurs, counting of framing errors will be stopped and ais will be sent to the system internal highway. the re-synchronization procedure starts automatically after entering loss of synchronisation state. additionally, it may be invoked under user control via the p-interface. synchronized state is reached after detecting: - a correct fas word in frame n, - the presence of the correct service word (bit 2 = 1) in frame n+1 - a correct fas word in frame n+2 normal synchronized operation starts with the data in frame n+2. crc-multiframe the multiframe structure shown in table 2 is enabled via p-interface. multiframe : 2 submultiframes = 2*8 frames multiframe alignment : bit 1 of frames 1,3,5,7,9,11 with the pattern 001011 crc bits : bit 1 of frames 0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14 crc block size : 2048 bit (length of a submultiframe) crc procedure : crc4, according to ccitt rec. g704 the crc procedure is automatically invoked when the multiframe structure is enabled. crc errors in the received data stream are counted by the crc error counter (max. one error per sub-multiframe). this 8-bit counter is extendable to 10 bit length.
SA9101 sames 16/40 synchronization procedure multiframe alignment is assumed to have been lost if double-frame alignment has been lost or 2 consecutive multiframe patterns are received with an error. the multiframe re-synchronization procedure starts when doubleframe alignment has been regained. it may also be invoked by the user through the p-interface. the crc checking mechanism will be enabled after the second correct multiframe pattern has been found. however, crc errors will not be counted in unsynchronized state. the (multiframe) synchronized state is reached after detecting two correct multiframe alignment patterns in multiframe n and multiframe n+1. the crc4 flag sr0b1 will be reset. resynchronization starts whenever two consecutive multiframes are received with incorrect multiframe alignment pattern. sub- frame bits 1 to 8 of the frame multiframe no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0c 1 00 11 0 11 101as n0 s n1 s n2 s n3 s n4 2c 2 00 11 0 11 i301as n0 s n1 s n2 s n3 s n4 4c 3 00 11 0 11 511as n0 s n1 s n2 s n3 s n4 6c 4 00 11 0 11 701as n0 s n1 s n2 s n3 s n4 multiframe 8 c 1 00 11 0 11 911as n0 s n1 s n2 s n3 s n4 10 c 2 00 11 0 11 ii 11 1 1 a s n0 s n1 s n2 s n3 s n4 12 c 3 00 11 0 11 13 s i *1 a s n0 s n1 s n2 s n3 s n4 14 c 4 00 11 0 11 15 s i *1 a s n0 s n1 s n2 s n3 s n4 s i *: spare bits for international use. access to received information via p- interface. (for transmission, automatic transmission of sub-multiframe error or insertion through p-interface is selectable). s n : spare bits for national use. additionally, the 5-byte stacks for receive and transmit are provided. c1..c4: cyclic redundancy check bits. a : remote alarm indication. table 2: crc-multiframe structure
SA9101 sames 17/40 s n -bit access due to new signalling procedures using the five s n bits (s n0 ... s n4 ) of every other frame of the crc multiframe structure, two possibilities of access via the microprocessor are suported: - the standard procedure allows reading/writing the s n -bit registers without further support. the s n -bit information will be updated every other frame. - the advanced procedure, allows reading/writing two s n -bit stacks each with a size of 5 bytes. two status bits (sr5b6 and sr5b7) provide an indication for updating the stack information by reading/writing five bytes per multiframe from/to the assigned stack address. to avoid loss of information, the status bits should be monitored at time intervals less than 2ms (1,5ms recommended). with the first access to a stack, the associated status bit will be reset. a transmit or receive multiframe begin interrupt is supported when alarm interrupt mode is enabled (cr5b6 and cr5b7). if one makes use of the sn bit stack in the double frame format it is necessary that this be done in conjunction with an externally enforced multi-frame structure to ensure the proper recovery of data on the far side. this is only possible in the non-transparent mode for timelsot 0. organization of the stacks: the sequentially received s n bits (s n0 up to s n4 ) of odd numbered frames of the multiframe structure are re-organized to bytes containing the s n -information of the same level (s n0 byte up to s n4 byte). the s n4 byte is the first byte to be read or written via the microprocessor interface (refer to table 3). alternatively, s n bits may be processed via the system interface,if one of the transparent modes are enabled. frame bit slot microprocessor no. 4 5 6 7 8 interface 1s n0 s n1 s n2 s n3 s n4 d7 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 s n0 s n1 s n2 s n3 s n4 d0 table 3: organisation of the s n -bit stacks
SA9101 sames 18/40 s i -bit access in accordance with ccitt signalling requirements, the s i bits of frame 13 and frame 15 of the crc multi-frame can be used to indicate received error submultiframes: submultiframe i status : s i13 submultiframe ii status : s i15 no crc error : s i = 1 crc error : s i = 0 s i -bits insertion can be done through the p-interface(in non-transparent and extended timeslot 0 signalling transparent modes) or, if enabled, automatically by the SA9101 without any intervention of the microprocessor. in this case, the status information of received sub- multiframe, is inserted in s i -bit position of the outgoing crc-multiframe. a third option is via the system interface should the timeslot 0 transparent or timeslot 0 signalling transparent modes be selected. differences to siemens acfa (peb2035 v4.1) 1. automatic force resynchronisation feature for crc mode,cr1b6 (mode register, bit afr), is not used because this feature is implemented in hardware to be carried out automatically. 2. s n bit stack cr1b5 (mode register, bit ensn) enables the s n bit stack for both crc multiframe and double frame formats. 3. crc multiframe enable cr1b3 (mode register, bit crc) switches only between crc multiframe and doubleframe formats. no need for cx1b7 (emod dfsn) to enable s n bit stack in double frame format due to point 2 above. 4. service word condition disable cr9b7 (rc1.swd) is not used. always functions in standard operation mode, i.e. 3 consecutive incorrect service words will cause loss of synchronisation. 5. select loss of sync condition cr9b6 (rc1.asy4) is not used. always functions in standard operation mode (according to ccitt rec.), i.e. 3 consecutive incorrect service words will cause loss of synchronisation. 6. extended dma mode cx1b1 (emod edma) is not used. the dma facility must always read/write two consecutive bytes. this is the only mode of operation therefore no selection is required. 7. disable ais to system interface cx1b0 (emod dais) is redefined. siemens allowed for ais selection for receive transparent mode. however, in receive transparent mode synchronisation may be lost and therefore ais is always disabled in the SA9101. this bit is redefined to provide a double frame marker to provide synchronisation to the double frame format. 8. unique feauture in timeslot 0 signalling transparent mode the SA9101 is capable of recognising the frame alignment pattern and therefore will not overwrite the sn and si information inserted externally (via dxi) in the desired bit locations of the alternating timeslot 0 words.
SA9101 sames 19/40 SA9101 register description control register default setting after reset, the SA9101 is initialized for pcm30 doubleframe format with register values listed in table 4. register register reset meaning name adr value c r0b[7..0] 0 00h alarm interrupt mode disabled/double violation detection, no influence on error counting, channel parity alarms, data transmission via port dro, or synchronization. no alarm simulation. status register read enabled. cr1b[7..0] 1 c0h pcm30-doubleframe format with dual rail (rz) line interface ports/4 mbps system interface mode/no ais transmission to remote end/s n -bit stacks are disabled. cr2b[7..0] 2 00h channel parity check is active for channel 0. cr3b[7..0] 3 00h channel loop back and single frame mode are disabled. cr4b[7..0] 4 40h all bits of the transmitted service word are cleared (bit 2 excl.). cr5b[7..0] 5 00h spare bit values and additional interrupts are cleared. cr6b[7..0] 6 00h outputs for transmit dual rail line data and assigned test data are active low, internal signalling stacks and external transmit channel parity are disabled. the transmit clock slot offset is cleared. cr7b[7..0] 7 40h 4096 khz system clock frequency. the transmit timeslot offset is cleared. cr8b[7..0] 8 30h even receive channel parity, receive dual rail line data inputs are active low. the receive clock slot offset is cleared. crc error counter extension is disabled. cr9b[7..0] 9 c0h the receive timeslot offset is cleared. crab[7..0] a ffh the transmit signalling stack is cleared. its values are not readable until the signalling stack mode is enabled. crbb[7..0] b undefined s n bit stack contents unknown. crcb[7..0] c 00h no interrupt source is enabled. crdb[7..0] d 54h idle channel code is set to '54' hex. cx1b[7..0] 1 00h half-bauded mode cx6b[7..0] 6 00h normal operation cx7b[7..0] 7 00h normal operation cx8b[7..0] 8 00h normal operation cx9b[7..0] 9 00h normal operation table 4: initial values after reset
SA9101 sames 20/40 detailed description adr 0 alarm control register bit description name cr0b0 0 alarm simulation a 1 initiates error simulation of alarm indication signal (ais), slip, parity, crc, no signal, loss of frame alignment, remote alarm, code violations and framing errors. error counters for frame errors, code violations and crc errors will be incremented. cr0b1 1 force re-synchronisation setting of this bit initializes resynchronisation to establish normal frame alignment and, if enabled, crc4 frame re- synchronization.resetting is not necessary. cr0b2 2 clear chnl parity alarm latch setting of this bit forces reset of chnl parity error alarms. status-registers adr 0, bit 2 and adr 5, bit 3, 4 will be reset to 0. cr0b3 3 send ais tow ards system interface (dro), i.e. switching network (sn). device sends ais (continuously ones) to the sn. tests of the speech memory in loopback mode are not effected. cr0b4 4 disable error counters this bit can be set 1s before the contents of the error counters are read to get stable values. the error counters will be reset after this bit is reset to zero. no errors are counted while this bit is active. this procedure has been implemented to maintain compatibility with the previous frame aligners. if an error counter is read without setting this bit previously, only the adressed error - counter will be reset after read -access has been completed. cr0b5 5 enable control registers read if this bit is set to one, the control registers (adr0-adrd) are selected instead of the status registers during read operation. cr0b6 6 enable full hdb3-error detection this bit enables hdb3 check for groups of more than 3 spaces (zeros) cr0b7 7 enable alarm interrupt mode output dfpy changes its function to aint while this bit is at "1. note: all "not used" bits must be set to zero in all control registers
SA9101 sames 21/40 adr 1 SA9101 configuration register bit description name cr1b0 0 send ais towards remote end setting of this bit causes transmitting ais towards the remote end. the test data-outputs are not affected. cr1b1 1 select interface mode switches operation mode on dro and dxi. 1 = 2 mbits/s 0 = 4 mbits/s cr1b2 2 enable optical interface if set to one, opin is enabled instead of dual rail ports. cr1b3 3 activate crc4 a 1 activates crc4-operation cr1b4 4 select counter mode only two channels per frame are counted if set to 1. cr1b5 5 enable sn-bit stack in crc-mode, the transmit and receive sn bit stacks can be used instead of the registers for transmit and receive service word. transmitting from sn-bit stack is disabled if one of the timeslot 0 transparent modes is enabled. cr1b6 6 not used (fixed 1) cr1b7 7 for re-synchronisation of crc4 multiframe adr 2 channel parity check register bit description name cr2b[0-4] 0-4 selects channel cr2b5 5 a 1 disables parity-check of selected channel cr2b6 6 not used cr2b7 7 extended mode register access enabled allows access to the extended control registers cx1 to cx9
SA9101 sames 22/40 adr 3 channel loop back register bit description name cr3b[0-4] 0-4 the addressed timeslot (1..31) is looped back to the system interface. idle channel code content of control register d for this channel is sent to remote end. code 00000 deactivates loop-back. cr3b5 5 a 1 disables loop back of selected channel cr3b6 6 select single frame delay mode signal delay set to max. one frame length., if this bit is at 1. cr3b7 7 alarm interrupt acknowledge a 1 clears aint. resetting is not necessary. adr 4 service word register bit description name cr4b[0-4] 0-4 y (sn) bits for national use these bits are inserted in the service word, if s n -bit stack mode is disabled and no ts0 transparent mode is enabled. cr4b5 5 send remote alarm to remote end a 1 causes bit 3 of service word to be set to 1. it is ignored if ts0 transparent mode is enabled. cr4b6 6 synchronization bit, internally set to 1. it cannot be overwritten. cr4b7 7 first bit of service word if double-frame format enabled, and non-transparent or extended ts0 signalling transparent modes enabled.
SA9101 sames 23/40 adr 5 data link bits for internal use register bit description name cr5b0 0 s i (x)-bit in frame 15 only if crc4 processing activated and non- transparent or extended ts0 cr5b1 1 s i (x)-bit in frame 13 signalling transparent mode enabled. cr5b2 2 s i (x)-bit of frame alignment signal for international use, if double frame format enabled and non-transparent or extended ts0 signalling transparent mode enabled. cr5b3 3 automatic transmission of submultiframe status (only in crc4 mode, and non-transparent or extended ts0 signalling transparent mode). instead of transmitting si bits (cr5 bit 0 and 1), the sub- multiframe status is inserted (sr 8, bit 1 -> x-bit(13), sr8 bit 0 -> x-bit(15). cr5b4 4 timeslot 0 signalling transparent mode. in double frame and crc multiframe modes sn and si bits of timeslot 0 are transmitted as applied on dxi. cr5b5 5 timeslot 0 full transparent mode all information is transmitted as applied on dxi. cr5b6 6 interrupt mask begin receive multiframe a 1 enables interrupt source only if alarm interrupt mode cr5b7 7 interrupt mask "begin enabled transmit multiframe"
SA9101 sames 24/40 adr 6 transmit control 0 register bit description name cr6b[0-2] 0-2 set value for transmit bit counter (bit 0-2) which is loaded in the transmit counter when the synchronization pulse is active. cr6b3 3 transmit test data polarity outputs are active low if bit is at 0 cr6b4 4 external transmit channel parity type 0 : even 1 : odd cr6b5 5 enable external transmit channel parity input. the internally generated channel parity signal is compared with the signal at the channel parity input if this register bit is set to 1. for signalling, the parity-value on the parity input is ignored, because it is generated internally. cr6b6 6 enable internal signalling stack. if set to 1 the two-byte stacks for receive and transmit signaling data (timeslot 16) are enabled. access to the ts16 signalling stack is possible via p interface or by means of dma. the rreq and xreq signals can be used either as interrupts or as dma request signals. for dma transfer the acknlq pin should be used for direct access to the stacks. cr6b7 7 transmit data output polarity bit at 1 : dual rail outputs are active high, optical output is active low bit at 0 : dual rail outputs are active low, optical output is active high adr 7 transmit control 1 register bit description name cr7b[0-5] 0-5 set value for timeslot which is loaded into the transmit counter when the synchronization pulse is active cr7b6 6 mark crc alarm (bit at "1" - enable alarm source) cr7b7 7 select system clock 0 : sclk = 4.096mhz 1 : sclk = 8.192mhz
SA9101 sames 25/40 adr 8 receive control 0 register bit description name cr8b[0-2] 0-2 set value which is loaded into the receive bit counter when the synchronization pulse is active cr8b3 3 receive data input sense bit at 0 : dual rail inputs are active low; optical input is active high bit at 1 : dual rail inputs are active high; optical output is active low cr8b4 4 not used cr8b5 5 not used cr8b6 6 receive parity type 0 : even 1 : odd cr8b7 7 enable crc error counter extension bit at 0 : 8 bit counter bit at 1 : 10 bit counter note: receive data input sense is only required for sr6b6 function. hdb3 is insensitive to polarity. adr 9 receive control 1 register bit description name cr9b[0-5] 0-5 set value for timeslot which is loaded into the receive counter when the synchronization pulse is active cr9b[6-7] 6-7 not used (fixed to 1) adr a transmit signalling stack (2 byte fifo) register bit description name crab[0-7] 0-7 data for timeslot 16 previous byte will be repeated, if not updated after request.
SA9101 sames 26/40 adr b transmit s n -bit stack register bit description name crbb[0-7] 0-7 5-byte sn-bit stack, which data will be inserted if crc and stack mode enabled and no timeslot 0 transparent mode is enabled. the sn-bit information can be written into the transmit sn-bit stack when transmit sn-bit flag is set (sr5b7). adr c alarm interrupt mask register register bit description name crcb0 0 code violation counter saturation crcb1 1 frame error counter saturation crcb2 2 crc error counter saturation crcb3 3 receive slip indication crcb4 4 receive remote alarm crcb5 5 no signal crcb6 6 alarm indication signal crcb7 7 loss of synchronisation note: the alarm source is enabled by setting the corresponding bit to 1. adr d idle channel code register bit description name crdb[0-7] 0-7 idle channel code during loop-back, this code is sent to the remote end for the assigned channel. the specified pattern is also written into all channels selected via the idle channel register bank, overwriting whatever information was in those timeslots. adr e - f not used.
SA9101 sames 27/40 adr 1 extended mode register 1 register bit description name cx1b0 0 enable double frame marker 0: normal 1: marker enabled and provided at chpar pin. cx1b1 1 not used cx1b2 2 fully bauded data format 0: half bauded 1: fully bauded cx1b3 3 extended code violation counter mode cx1b4 4 s i -bit zero counter enable cx1b5 5 receive transparent mode cx1b6 6 time slot 0 extended signalling transparent mode. if set, in double frame and crc multiframe formats only the s n bits are transmitted as applied at dxi cx1b7 7 not used adr 6 - 9 idle channel register bank cx6 ic0 ic1 ic2 ic3 ic4 ic5 ic6 ic7 cx7 ic8 ic15 cx8 ic16 ic23 cx9 ic24 ic31 0: normal operation, 1: idle channel mode note: timeslot 0 information is overwritten by idle channel code according to the transparency mode selected. if timeslot 16 signalling stack is enabled and timeslot 16 is selected for idle channel code, the idle channel selection will be ignored. the stack has higher priority.
SA9101 sames 28/40 status register adr 0 pcm/SA9101 alarm status register bit description name sr0b0 0 slip direction indication 0 = negative slip, receive route clock frequency higher than internal system clock. 1 = positive slip, receive route clock frequency below internal system clock. sr0b1 1 crc4 multiframe alarm set after reset, multiframe synchronization lost or via up- interface with command force re-synchronisation. will be reset after receiving 2 multi-frames without errors. sr0b2 2 receive channel parity error set after device detects a channel parity error. cleared by setting control register adr 0, bit 2 (clear channel parity alarm latch). sr0b3 3 receive slip indication this bit changes state when a frame is dropped (rclk > sclk) or repeated (sclk > rclk) . a successful alarm-simulation causes one change. sr0b4 4 receive remote alarm bit 3 of received service word. sr0b5 5 loss of synchronisation will be set if incorrect frame alignment signal or service word was detected 3 times in sequence. is automatically reset after sequence fas-sw-fas is received. loss of synchronisation is also indicated if no signal occurs because of no route clock. sr0b6 alarm indication signal (ais) if less than two 0s are detected in an incoming bitstream of 512 bits, this bit is set to 1. sr0b7 7 no signal if less than four 1s are in a stream of 512 bits or no complete receive clock pulse occurs within 4 periods of the system clock, this bit is set to 1.
SA9101 sames 29/40 adr 1 frame error counter register bit description name sr1b[0-7] 0-7 8 bit counter will be incremented when an incorrect frame alignment word is detected in the synchronized state. an overflow is inhibited. during alarm simulation, the counter should increment every 250s. adr 2 code violation counter register bit description name sr2b[0-7] 0-7 8 bit counter which counts hdb3 code violations if no optical interface mode has been enabled. an overflow is inhibited. during alarm simulation, the counter should increment once for every four bits received. counter can be extended to 10 bits by bit 3 of extended mode register adr1 (cx1b3). adr 3 crc4 error counter register bit description name sr3b[0-7] 0-7 8 bit counter which counts submultiframe crc4 errors. an overflow is inhibited. during alarm simulation, the counter should increment once per submultiframe. the counter can be extended to a 10 bit counter by setting bit 7 of receive control register adr8 (cr8b7). adr 4 received service word register bit description name sr4b[0-4] 0-4 y-bits (sn-bits) for national use sr4b5 5 bit 3 of service word (receive remote alarm) sr4b6 6 fixed to 1. sr4b7 7 first bit in received service word. it is fixed to 1 if the device is in crc4-mode. only used in double frame format.
SA9101 sames 30/40 adr 5 data link bit for internal use register bit description name sr5b0 0 first bit of service word of frame 15. sr5b1 1 first bit of service word of frame 13. these bits (0 and 1) are updated at the beginning of every received multiframe. if crc4-mode is not enabled, these are set to 0. sr5b2 2 first bit in fas-word, used only in double frame format (otherwise fixed at "1"). sr5b3 3 transmit parity error if channel parity check is enabled, this bit is set after a channel parity error occurs. it is also set during alarm simulation. sr5b4 4 global parity error set by a parity error in any transmitted or received channel. also set during alarm simulation. sr5b5 5 dma request slip if the use of the ts16 signalling stacks is enabled, this bit is set if required access is not completed before the signalling stack gets updated. sr5b6 6 receive sn-bit stack flag will be set at the beginning of every received crc4 multiframe. it will be reset after a read access to the receive s n -bit stack occurs or at the beginning of frame 15 in the multiframe. a read access should occur only if this flag is set to 1. should be monitored at time intervals of less than 2ms. sr5b7 7 transmit sn-bit stack flag will be set at the beginning of every transmitted crc4 multiframe. it will be reset after a write access to the transmit s n -bit stack or at the beginning of frame 15 in the multiframe. a write access should occur to the stack only if this flag is set. should be monitored at time intervals of less than 2ms.
SA9101 sames 31/40 adr 6 additional receive status register bit description name sr6b6 6 error on primary rate line receiver this bit is set while both dual rail inputs are active. sr6b[0-5,7] 0-5,7 not used, set to "1". adr 7 timeslot 16 rx stack register bit description name sr7b[0-7] 0-7 receive signalling data this stack contains two bytes of sequentially received signalling data (timeslot 16). adr 8 s i -bits register bit description name sr8b0 0 si(ii) bit will be set to "0" if a crc check gives an error or synchro- nisation is lost. it will be set to these bits are "1", if no error is detected in updated at the sub-multiframe part ii. beginning of every sr8b1 1 si(i) received crc bit will be set to "0", if a crc multiframe. if the check gives an error or synchro- device is in double- nisation is lost. it will be set to frame format, these "1", if no error is detected in bits are fixed to "1". sub-multiframe part i. sr8b[2-7] 2-7 not used
SA9101 sames 32/40 adr 9 crc error counter extension register bit description name sr9b[0-1] 0-1 bit 8 and 9 of crc error counter, if in extended mode sr9b[2-3] 2-3 not used. (fixed to "1") sr9b[4-5] 4-5 code violation counter extention. sr9b[6-7] 6-7 not used. (fixed to "1") adr b receive s n -bit stack register bit description name srbb[0-7] 0-7 this stack contains 5 bytes of s n -bit information. bit 0..7 contains s n -bits of frame 15..1. adr c-f not used
SA9101 sames 33/40 timing p interface timing read cycle figure 2: p read timing limit symbol parameter values unit min. max. tcd ceq and address valid to data valid 110 tcr ceq and address stable before rdq 0 trd rdq to data valid 90 trr rdq pulse width 100 tdf data float after rdq 10 30 ns trc ceq hold after rdq 0 tra address hold after rdq 0 tri rdq control interval 70 table 5: p read timing
SA9101 sames 34/40 write cycle figure 3: p write timing table 6: p write timing limit symbol parameter values unit min. max. tcw ceq and address valid to wrq valid 30 tdw data setup before end of write 35 twd data hold after wrq 10 tww wrq pulse width 80 twc ceq hold after wrq 10 twa address hold after wrq 10 ns twi wrq control interval 70 2*tcp4 + 60 twak interrupt acknowledge delay 4*tcp8 + 80
SA9101 sames 35/40 dma cycle figure 4: dma timing limit symbol parameter values unit min. max. tdrd rdq to data valid 90 tddf data float after rdq 10 30 tdrr rdq pulse width 100 tdri rdq control interval 70 trre rreq reset after rdq 100 tddw data setup before end of write 35 ns tdwd data hold after wrq 10 tdww wrq pulse width 80 tdwi wrq control interval 70 txre xreq reset after wrq 100 table 7: dma timing
SA9101 sames 36/40 serial interface timing system interface timing figure 5: system interface timing
SA9101 sames 37/40 limit values symbol parameter 4096khzsclk 819khz sclk unit min. max. min. max. tcp8 sclk period 8mhz typ. 122 tcp8l sclk period 8mhz low 40 tcp8h sclk period 8mhz high 40 tcp4 sclk period 4mhz typ. 244 tcp4l sclk period 4mhz low 50 tcp4h sclk period 4mhz high 50 tss sypq setup time 40 tcp4-30 tcp8-40 tcp8-40 tsh sypq hold time 40 40 tsi sypq inactive setup tcp4+30 2*tcp8 ns +30 trod rdq propagation delay 90 110 tmd marker propagation delay 100 120 tmh marker hold 100 120 tpyd parity propagation delay 100 120 tsxd xrclk to sclk delay 100 120 txis transmit data setup 30 30 txih transmit data hold 30 30 table 8: system interface timing
SA9101 sames 38/40 line interface timing figure 6: line interface timing limit symbol parameter values unit min. max. tcpr rclk clock period typ. 488 tcprl rclk clock period low 100 tcprh rclk clock period high 100 tris receive data setup 30 trih receive data hold 30 ns trfsd rfspq propagation delay 120 tcpx xrclk clock period 2*tcp4 4*tcp8 txod transmit data output delay 50 txoh transmit data output hold 0* 50 table 9: line interface timing
SA9101 sames 39/40
south african micro-electronic systems (pty) ltd p o box 15888, 21 eland street, lynn east, koedoespoort industrial area, 0039 pretoria, republic of south africa, republic of south africa tel: 012 333-6021 tel: int +27 12 333-6021 fax: 012 333-8071 fax: int +27 12 333-8071 disclaimer: the information contained in this document is confidential and proprietary to south african micro- electronic systems (pty) ltd ("sames) and may not be copied or disclosed to a third party, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of sames. the information contained herein is current as of the date of publication; however, delivery of this document shall not under any circumstances create any implication that the information contained herein is correct as of any time subsequent to such date. sames does not undertake to inform any recipient of this document of any changes in the information contained herein, and sames expressly reserves the right to make changes in such information, without notification,even if such changes would render information contained herein inaccurate or incomplete. sames makes no representation or warranty that any circuit designed by reference to the information contained herein, will function without errors and as intended by the designer.

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