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mic39150/39151/39152 1.5a, low-voltage low-dropout regulator **see thermal design section super ?eta pnp is a registered trademark of micrel, inc. strongarm is a trademark of advanced rsic machines, ltd. micrel inc. 2180 fortune drive san jose, ca 95131 usa tel +1 ( 408 ) 944-0800 fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 http://www.micrel.com october 2009 m9999-102309-a general description the mic39150, mic39151, and mic39152 are 1.5a ldo voltage regulators that provide a low voltage, high current output with a minimum of external components. utilizing micrels proprietary super eta pnp ? pass element, the mic39150/1/2 offers extremely low dropout (typically 375mv at 1.5a) and low ground curre nt (typically 17ma at 1.5a). the mic39150/1/2 are ideal for pc add-in cards that need to convert from 3.3v to 2.5v or 2.5v to 1.8v with a guaranteed maximum dropout voltage of 500mv over all operating conditions. the mi c39150/1/2 exhibit fast transient response for heavy switching applications and requires only 10f of output capacitance to maintain stability and achieve fast transient response. the mic39150/1/2 is fully protected with current limiting, thermal shutdown, reversed-battery protection/lead insertion, and reverse-leakage protection. the mic39151 offers a ttl-logic compatible enable pin and an error flag that indicates undervoltage and overcurrent conditions. offered in fixed voltages of 2.5v, 1.8v and 1.65v, the mic39150/1 comes in the to-220 and to-263 (d 2 pak) packages. the mic39152 adjustable option allows programming the output voltage anywhere between 1.24v and 15.5v and comes in 5-pin, to-263 (d 2 pak) and to-252 (d-pak) packages. for applications requiring input voltage greater than 16v or automotive load dump protection, see the mic29150/1/2/3 family. features ? 1.5a minimum guaranteed output current ? 500mv maximum dropout voltage over temperature C ideal for 3.0v to 2.5v conversion C ideal for 2.5 to 1.8v or 1.65v conversion ? 1% initial accuracy ? low ground current ? current limiting and thermal shutdown ? reversed-battery and reversed lead insertion protection ? reversed-leakage protection ? fast transient response ? ttl/cmos compatible enable pin (mic39151/2 only) ? error flag output (mic39151 only) ? adjustable output (mic39152 only) ? power d-pak package (to-252) adjustable only ? power d 2 pak package (to-263) applications ? low-voltage digital ics ? ldo linear regulator for pc add-in cards ? high-efficiency linear power supplies ? smps post regulator ? low-voltage microcontrollers ? strongarm? processor supply typical application** mic39150 mic39151 mic39152 adju stable output application (*see minimum load current section) downloaded from: http:///
micrel, inc. mic39150/39151/39152 october 2009 2 m9999-102309-a ordering information part number standard rohs compliant* voltage junction temp. range package mic39150-1.65bt mic39150-1.65wt 1.65v C40 to +125c 3-pin to-220 mic39150-1.65bu mic39150-1.65wu 1.65v C40 to +125c 3-pin to-263 mic39150-1.8bt mic39150-1.8wt 1. 8v C40 to +125c 3-pin to-220 mic39150-1.8bu mic39150-1.8wu 1. 8v C40 to +125c 3-pin to-263 mic39150-2.5bt mic39150-2.5wt 2. 5v C40 to +125c 3-pin to-220 mic39150-2.5bu mic39150-2.5wu 2. 5v C40 to +125c 3-pin to-263 mic39151-1.65bt mic39151-1.65wt 1.65v C40 to +125c 5-pin to-220 mic39151-1.65bu mic39151-1.65wu 1.65v C40 to +125c 5-pin to-263 mic39151-1.8bt mic39151-1.8wt 1. 8v C40 to +125c 5-pin to-220 mic39151-1.8bu mic39151-1.8wu 1. 8v C40 to +125c 5-pin to-263 mic39151-2.5bt mic39151-2.5wt 2. 5v C40 to +125c 5-pin to-220 mic39151-2.5bu mic39151-2.5wu 2. 5v C40 to +125c 5-pin to-263 mic39152wu adjustable C40 to +125c 5-pin to-263 MIC39152WD adjustable C40 to +125c 5-pin to-252 note: * rohs compliant with high-melting solder exemption. downloaded from: http:///
micrel, inc. mic39150/39151/39152 october 2009 3 m9999-102309-a pin configuration 3out 2gnd 1in 3out 2gnd 1in mic39150-x.xbt/wt to-220-3 (t) mic39150-x.xbu/wu to-263-3 (u) 5flg 4out 3gnd 2in 1en mic39151-x.xbt/wt to-220-5 (t) mic39151-x.xbu/wu to-263-5 (d 2 pak) (u) mic39152wu to-263-5 (d 2 pak) (u)) MIC39152WD to-252-5 (d-pak) (d) pin description pin number mic39150 pin number mic39151 pin number mic39152 pin name pin description 1 1 en enable (input): ttl/cmos compatible input. logic high = enable; logic low or open = shutdown. 1 2 2 in unregulated input: +16v maximum supply. 2, tab 3, tab 3, tab gnd ground: ground pin and tab are internally connected. 3 4 4 out regulator output. 5 flg error flag (output): open-collector output. active low indicates an output fault condition. 5 adj adjustable regulator feedback input: connect to the resistor voltage divider that is placed from out to gnd in order to set the output voltage. downloaded from: http:///
micrel, inc. mic39150/39151/39152 october 2009 4 m9999-102309-a absolute maximum ratings (1) supply voltage (v in ) ....................................... C20v to +20v enable voltage (v en )....................................................+20v storage temperature (t s ) .........................C60c to +150c lead temperature (solde ring, 5 se c.)........................ 260c esd rating................................................................ note 3 operating ratings (2) supply voltage (v in ).................................... +2.25v to +16v enable voltage (v en )....................................................+16v maximum power dissipation (p d(max) ) ....................... note 4 junction temperature (t j ) ........................ C40c to +125c package thermal resistance to-263 ( jc ) ........................................................2 c/w to-220 ( jc ) ........................................................2 c/w to-252 ( jc ) ........................................................3 c/w to-252 ( ja ) ......................................................56c/w electrical characteristics (5) v in = v en = v out + 1v; i out = 10ma; t j = 25c, bold values indicate C40c< t j < +125c, unless noted. symbol parameter condition min typ max units output voltage 10ma 10ma i out 1.5a, v out + 1v v in 8v C1 C2 1 2 % % line regulation i out = 10ma, v out + 1v v in 16v 0.06 0.5 % v out load regulation v in = v out + 1v, 10ma i out 1.5a 0.2 1 % ? v out / ? t output voltage temp. coefficient, note 6 20 100 ppm/c i out = 100ma, ? v out = C1% 80 200 mv i out = 750ma, ? v out = C1% 260 mv v do dropout voltage, note 7 i out = 1.5a, ? v out = C1% 375 500 mv i out = 750ma, v in = v out + 1v 4 20 ma i gnd ground current, note 8 i out = 1.5a, v in = v out + 1v 17 ma i gnd(do) dropout ground pin current v in v out(nominal) C 0.5v, i out = 10ma 1.1 ma i out(lim) current limit v out = 0v, v in = v out + 1v 2.8 a i out(min) minimum load current 7 10 ma t start start-up time v en = v in , i out = 10ma, c out = 47f 35 150 s enable input (mic39151) logic low (off) 0.8 v v en enable input voltage logic high (on) 2.25 v v en = 2.25v 1 15 30 75 a a i in enable input current v en = 0.8v 2 4 a a i out(shdn) shutdown output voltage note 9 10 20 a flag output (mic39151) i flg(leak) output leakage current v oh = 16v 0.01 1 2 a a v flg(do) output low voltage v in = 2.250v, i ol = 250a, note 10 180 300 400 mv mv low threshold % of v out 93 % high threshold % of v out 99.2 % v flg hysteresis 1 % downloaded from: http:///
micrel, inc. mic39150/39151/39152 october 2009 5 m9999-102309-a symbol parameter condition min typ max units reference (adjust pin) C mic39152 only 1.228 1.240 1.252 v v adj reference voltage 1.215 1.265 v v tc reference voltage temperature coefficient note 11 20 ppm/ c 40 80 na i adj adjust pin bias current 120 na notes: 1. exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. the device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. devices are esd sensitive. handling precautions recommended. 4. p d(max) = (t j(max) C t a ) ja , where ja depends upon the printed circuit layou t. see applications information. 5. specification for packaged product only. 6. output voltage temperature coefficient is ? v out(worst case) (t j(max) C t j(min) ) where t j(max) is +125c and t j(min) is C40c. 7. v do = v in C v out when v out decreases to 98% of its nominal output voltage with v in = v out + 1v. for output voltages below 2.25v, dropout voltage is the input-to-output voltage differential with the minimum input voltage being 2.25v. minimum input operating voltage is 2. 25v. 8. i gnd is the quiescent current. i in = i gnd + i out . 9. v en 0.8v, v in 8v, and v out = 0v. 10. for a 2.5v device, v in = 2.250v (device is in dropout). 11. thermal regulation is de ? ned as the change in output voltage at a time t after a c hange in power dissipation is appl ied, excluding load or line regulation effects. speci ? cations are for a 200ma load pulse at v in = 8v for t = 10ms. downloaded from: http:///
micrel, inc. mic39150/39151/39152 october 2009 6 m9999-102309-a typical characteristics 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1e+1 1e+2 1e+3 1e+4 1e+5 1e+6 frequency (hz) power suppl y rejection ratio i load = 1.5a c out = 10f c in = 0 v in = 3.3v v out = 2.5v 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1m 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 temperature ( c) dropout voltage vs. temperature i load = 1.5a v out = 2.5v v out = 1.8v 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 4.1 6.1 8.1 2 2.2 4.2 6.2 8.2 3 2.3 4.3 6.3 input voltage (v) dropout characteristics i load = 100ma i load = 750ma i load = 1.5a 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 250 500 750 100012501500 output current (ma) ground current vs. output current v out = 2.5v v out = 1.8v 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 024681012 supply voltage (v) ground current vs. supply voltage i load = 750ma i load = 1500ma i load = 1000ma 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 temperature ( c) ground current vs. temperature i load = 10ma v out = 2.5v v out = 1.8v 0 5 10 15 20 25 -40-20 0 20406080100120 temperature ( c) ground current vs. temperature i load = 1.5a v out = 1.8v v out = 2.5v 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 temperature ( c) short circuit vs. temperature typical 1.8v device typical 2.5v device downloaded from: http:///
micrel, inc. mic39150/39151/39152 october 2009 7 m9999-102309-a 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 100010000 resistance (k ) error fla g pull-up resistor v in = 5v flag high (ok) flag low (fault) downloaded from: http:///
micrel, inc. mic39150/39151/39152 october 2009 8 m9999-102309-a functional characteristics downloaded from: http:///
micrel, inc. mic39150/39151/39152 october 2009 9 m9999-102309-a functional diagram ref. 18v o. v . i limit thermal shut- down 1.240v 1.180v en* in flag* gnd out * mic39151 only downloaded from: http:///
micrel, inc. mic39150/39151/39152 october 2009 10 m9999-102309-a application information the mic39150/1/2 are high-performance, low-dropout voltage regulators suitable for moderate to high-current voltage regulator applications. its 500mv dropout voltage at full load and overtemperature makes it especially valuable in battery-powered systems and as high-efficiency noise filters in post-regulator applications. unlike older npn-pass transistor designs, where the minimum dropout voltage is limited by the base-to- emitter voltage drop and collector-to-emitter saturation voltage, dropout performance of the pnp output of these devices is limited only by the low v ce saturation voltage. a trade-off for the low dropout voltage is a varying base drive requirement. micrels super eta pnp ? process reduces this drive requirement to only 2% to 5% of the load current. the mic39150/1/2 regulators are fully protected from damage due to fault conditions. current limiting is provided. this limiting is linear; output current during overload conditions is constant. thermal shutdown disables the device when the die temperature exceeds the maximum safe operating temperature. transient protection allows device (and load) survival even when the input voltage spikes above and below nominal. the output structure of these regulators allows voltages in excess of the desired output voltage to be applied without reverse current flow. thermal design linear regulators are simple to use. the most complicated design parameters to consider are thermal characteristics. thermal design requires the following application-specific parameters: ? maximum ambient temperature (t a ) ? output current (i out ) ? output voltage (v out ) ? input voltage (v in ) ? ground current (i gnd ) first, calculate the power dissipation of the regulator from these numbers and the device parameters from this datasheet. gnd in out out in d i v i ) v (v p + ? = where the ground current is approximated by using numbers from the electrical characteristics or typical characteristics. then the heat sink thermal resistance is determined with this formula: () cs jc d a j(max) sa p t t + ? ? = where t j(max) 125c and cs is between 0 and 2c/w. the heat sink may be significantly reduced in applications where the minimum input voltage is known and is large compared with the dropout voltage. use a series input resistor to drop excessive voltage and distribute the heat between this resistor and the regulator. the low dropout properties of micrel super eta pnp ? regulators allow significant reductions in regulator power dissipation and the associated heat sink without compromising performance. when this technique is employed, a capacitor of at least 1f is needed directly between the input and regulator ground. refer to application note 9 for further details and examples on thermal design and heat sink specification. with no heat sink in the application, calculate the junction temperature to determine the maximum power dissipation that will be a llowed before exceeding the maximum junction temperature of the mic39152. the maximum power allowed can be calculated using the thermal resistance ( ja ) of the to-252 (d-pak) adhering to the following criteria for the pcb design: 2 oz. copper and 100mm 2 copper area for the mic39152. for example, given an expected maximum ambient temperature (t a ) of 75 c with v in = 2.25v, v out = 1.75v, and i out = 1.5a, first calculate the expected p d using equation (1); p d = (2.25v C 1.75v)1.5a + (2.25v)(0.017a) = 0.788w next, calcualte the junction temperature for the expected power dissipation. t j = ( ja p d ) + t a = (56 c/w 0.788w) + 75 c = 119.14 c now determine the maximum power dissipation allowed that would not exceed the ics maximum junction temperature (125 c) without the use of a heat sink by p d(max) = (t j(max) C t a )/ ja = (125 c C 75 c)/(56 c/w) = 0.893w mic39150-x. x in out gnd c in c out v in v out figure 1. capacitor requirements output capacitor the mic39150/1/2 requires an output capacitor to maintain stability and improve transient response. see figure 1. proper capacitor selection is important to ensure proper operation. themic39150/1/2 output capacitor selection is dependent upon the esr (equivalent series resistance) of the output capacitor to maintain stability. when the output capacitor is 10f or greater, the output capacitor should have an esr less than 2 ? . this will improve transi ent response as well as downloaded from: http:///
micrel, inc. mic39150/39151/39152 october 2009 11 m9999-102309-a promote stability. ultralow esr capacitors (<100m ? ), such as ceramic chip capaci tors may promote instability. these very low esr levels may cause an oscillation and/or underdamped transient response. a low-esr solid tantalum capacitor works extremely well and provides good transient response and st ability over temperature. aluminum electrolytics can also be used, as long as the esr of the capacitor is < 2 ? . the value of the output capacitor can be increased without limit. higher capacitance values help to improve transient response and ripple rejection and reduce output noise. input capacitor an input capacitor of 1f or greater is recommended when the device is more than 4 inches away from the bulk ac supply capacitance, or when the supply is a battery. small, surface-mount, ceramic chip capacitors can be used for the bypassing. the capacitor should be placed within 1" of the device for optimal performance. larger values will help to improve ripple rejection by bypassing the input to the regulator, further improving the integrity of the output voltage. transient response and 3.3v to 2.5vor 2.5v to 1.8v conversion the mic39150/1/2 has excellent transient response to variations in input voltage and load current. the device has been designed to respond quickly to load current variations and input voltage variations. large output capacitors are not required to obtain this performance. a standard 10f output capacitor, preferably tantalum, is all that is required. lar ger values help to improve performance even further. by virtue of its low-dropout voltage, this device does not saturate into dropout as readily as similar npn-based designs. when converting from 3.3v to 2.5v, or 2.5v to 1.8v, the npn-based regulators are already operating in dropout, with typical dropout requirements of 1.2v or greater. to convert down to 2.5v without operating in dropout, npn-based regulators require an input voltage of 3.7v at the very least. the mic39150/1 regulator will provide excellent performance with an input as low as 3.0v or 2.5v, respectively. this gives the pnp-based regulators a distinct advan tage over older, npn-based linear regulators. minimum load current the mic39150 regulator is specified between finite loads. if the output current is too small, leakage currents dominate and the output voltage rises. a 10ma minimum load current is necessary for proper regulation. error flag the mic39151 version features an error flag circuit which monitors the output voltage and signals an error condition when the voltage 5% below the nominal output voltage. the error flag is an open-collector output that can sink 10ma during a fault condition. low output voltage can be caused by a number of problems, including an overcurrent fault (device in current limit) or low input voltage. the flag is inoperative during overtemperature shutdown. when the error flag is not used, it is best to leave it open. a pull-up resistor from flg to either v in or v out is required for proper operation. enable input the mic39151/2 features an enable input for on/off control of the device. the enable inputs shutdown state draws zero current (only microamperes of leakage). the enable input is ttl/cmos compatible for simple logic interface, but can be connected to up to 20v. when enabled, it draws approximately 15a. adjustable regulator design figure 2. adjustable regulator with resistors the mic39152 allows programming the output voltage anywhere between 1.24v and 15.5v. two resistors are used. the resistor values are calculated by: ? ?? ? ? ?? ? ? = 1 1.240 v r2 r1 out where v out is the desired output voltage. figure 2 shows component de ? nition. applications with widely varying load currents may scale the resistors to draw the minimum load current required for proper operation (see minimum load current section). downloaded from: http:///
micrel, inc. mic39150/39151/39152 october 2009 12 m9999-102309-a package information 3-pin to-220 (t) 5-pin to-220 (t) downloaded from: http:///
micrel, inc. mic39150/39151/39152 october 2009 13 m9999-102309-a 3-pin to-263 (u) 1 1 3 4 1 2 3 4 2 1 5-pin to-263 (u) downloaded from: http:///
micrel, inc. mic39150/39151/39152 october 2009 14 m9999-102309-a 5-pin to-252 (d) micrel, inc. 2180 fortune drive san jose, ca 95131 usa tel +1 (408) 944-0800 fax +1 (408) 474-1000 web http:/www.micrel.com the information furnished by micrel in this data sheet is belie ved to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is a ssumed by micrel for its use. micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. micrel products are not designed or authori zed for use as components in life support app liances, devices or systems where malfu nction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in pers onal injury. life support devices or system s are devices or systems that (a) are in tended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significan t injury to the user. a purchasers use or sale of micrel produc ts for use in life support app liances, devices or systems is a purchasers own risk and purchaser agrees to fully indemnify micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. ? 2009 micrel, incorporated. downloaded from: http:///

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