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march 2015 doc id 18441 rev 4 1/72 72 AN3338 application note sllimm? small low-loss intelligent molded module by carmelo parisi and giovanni tomasello introduction in recent years the variable speed motor control market has required high performance solutions able to satisfy the increasing energy saving requirements, compactness, reliability, and system costs in home appliances, such as washing machines, dish washers, refrigerators, air conditioning compressor drives, and in low power industrial applications, such as sewing machines, pumps, tools, etc. to meet these market needs, stmicroelectronics has developed a new family of compact, high efficiency, dual-in-line intelligent power modules, with optional extra features, called small low-loss intelligent molded module (sllimm?). the sllimm product family combines optimized silicon chips, integrated in three main inverter blocks: ? power stage ? six short-circuit rugged igbts ? six freewheeling diodes ? driving network ? three high voltage gate drivers ? discrete gate resistors ? three bootstrap diodes ? protection and optional features ? op amps for advanced current sensing ? comparators for fault protection against overcurrent and short-circuit ? ntc sensor for temperature control ? smart shutdown function ? dead time, interlocking function and undervoltage lockout. thanks to the state of art dbc mounting technology, the fully isolated sllimm package (sdip) offers extremely low thermal resistance with optimum cost-effectiveness and quality level. compared to discrete-based inverters, including power devices, and driver and protection circuits, the sllimm family provides a high integrated level that means simplified circuit design, reduced component count, smaller weight, and high reliability. the aim of this application note is to provide a detailed description of sllimm products, providing guidelines to motor drive designers for an efficient, reliable, and fast design when using the new st sllimm family. www.st.com
contents AN3338 2/72 doc id 18441 rev 4 contents 1 inverter design concept and sllimm solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.1 product synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2 product line-up and nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.3 internal circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 1.4 absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2 electrical characteristics and functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.1 igbts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.2 freewheeling diodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.3 high voltage gate drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.3.1 logic inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.3.2 high voltage level shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.3.3 undervoltage lockout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.3.4 dead time and interlocking function management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.3.5 comparators for fault sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.3.6 short-circuit protection and smart shutdown function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.3.7 timing chart of short-circuit protection and smart shutdown function . . 26 2.3.8 current sensing shunt resistor selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.3.9 rc filter network selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.3.10 overtemperature protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.3.11 op amps for advanced current sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2.3.12 bootstrap circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.3.13 bootstrap capacitor selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.3.14 initial bootstrap capacitor charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3 package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.1 dbc substrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.2 pcb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.3 package structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.4 package outline and dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3.5 input and output pins description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 4 power losses and dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 doc id 18441 rev 4 3/72 AN3338 contents 72 4.1 conduction power losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4.2 switching power losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.3 thermal impedance overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4.4 power losses calculation example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 5 design and mounting guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 5.1 layout suggestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 5.1.1 general suggestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 5.2 mounting instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 5.2.1 heatsink mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 5.2.2 mounting torque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 5.2.3 general handling precaution and storage notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 6 references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 7 revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 list of tables AN3338 4/72 doc id 18441 rev 4 list of tables table 1. sllimm line-up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 table 2. inverter part of stgipl14k60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 table 3. control part of stgipl14k60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 table 4. supply voltage and operation behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 table 5. total stgipl14k60 system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 table 6. integrated pull-up/down resistor values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 table 7. interlocking function truth table of stgips10k60a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 table 8. interlocking function truth table of stgips14k60, stgipl14k60, stgips20k60, and st- gipl20k6023 table 9. sdip-25l mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 table 10. sdip-38l mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 table 11. input and output pins of sdip-25l package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 table 12. input and output pins of sdip-38l package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 table 13. rc cauer thermal network elements by device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 table 14. mounting torque and heatsink flatness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7 table 15. document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 doc id 18441 rev 4 5/72 AN3338 list of figures 72 list of figures figure 1. inverter motor drive block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 figure 2. discrete-based inverter vs. sllimm solution comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 figure 3. sllimm block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 figure 4. sllimm nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 figure 5. internal circuit of stgips10k60a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 figure 6. internal circuit of stgips14k60 and stgips20k60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 figure 7. internal circuit of stgipl14k60 and stgipl20k60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 figure 8. stray inductance components of output stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 figure 9. high voltage gate drive die image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 figure 10. high voltage gate driver block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 figure 11. logic input configuration for stgips10k60a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 figure 12. logic input configuration for stgips14k60, stgipl14k60, stgips20k60, and st- gipl20k60 20 figure 13. timing chart of undervoltage lockout function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 figure 14. timing chart of dead time function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 figure 15. smart shutdown equivalent circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 figure 16. timing chart of smart shutdown function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 figure 17. examples of sc protection circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 figure 18. example of sc event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 figure 19. ntc resistance vs. temperature curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 figure 20. example of overtemperature protection circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 figure 21. 3-phase system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 figure 22. general advanced current sense scheme and waveforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 figure 23. bootstrap circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 figure 24. bootstrap capacitor vs. switching frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 figure 25. initial bootstrap charging time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 figure 26. dcb structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 figure 27. pcb structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 figure 28. images and internal view of sdip-25l package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 figure 29. images and internal view of sdip-38l package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 figure 30. outline drawing of sdip-25l package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 figure 31. outline drawing of sdip-38l package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 figure 32. pinout of sdip-25l package (bottom view) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 figure 33. pinout of sdip-38l package (bottom view) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 figure 34. typical igbt power losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 figure 35. igbt and diode approximation of the output characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 figure 36. typical switching waveforms of stgipl14k60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 figure 37. equivalent thermal circuit with heatsink single igbt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 figure 38. thermal impedance curves (stgips14k60 and stgipl14k60) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 figure 39. thermal impedance rc cauer thermal network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 figure 40. maximum ic(rms) current vs. f sw simulated curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 figure 41. general suggestions 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 figure 42. general suggestions 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 figure 43. example 1 of a possible wrong layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 figure 44. example 2 of a possible wrong layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 figure 45. recommended silicon grease thickness and positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 figure 46. measurement point of cu heatsink flatness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 figure 47. recommended fastening order of mounting screws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 inverter design concept and sllimm solution AN3338 6/72 doc id 18441 rev 4 1 inverter design concept and sllimm solution motor drive applications, ranging from a few tens of watts to mega watts, are mainly based on the inverter concept thanks to the fact that this solution can meet efficiency, reliability, size, and cost constraints required in a number of markets. as shown in figure 1 , an inverter for motor drive applications is basically composed of a power stage, mainly based on igbts and freewheeling diodes; a driving stage, based on high voltage gate drivers; a control unit, based on microcontrollers or dsps; some optional sensors for protections and feedback signals for controls. the approach of this solution with discrete devices produces high manufacturing costs associated with high reliability risks, bigger size and higher weight, a considerable number of components and the significant stray inductances and dispersions in the board layout. in recent years, the use of intelligent power modules has rapidly increased thanks to the benefits of greater integration levels. the new st sllimm family is able to replace more than 30 discrete devices in a single package. figure 2 shows a comparison between a discrete-based inverter and the sllimm solution, the advantages of sllimm can be easily understood and can be summarized in a significantly improved design time, reduced manufacturing efforts, higher flexibility in a wide range of applications, and increased reliability and quality level. in addition, the optimized silicon chips in both control and power stages and the optimized board layout provide maximized efficiency, reduced emi and noise generation, higher levels of protection, and lower propagation delay time. figure 1. inverter motor drive block diagram gate driver power stage sensors bridge rectifier microcontroller m feedback mains ! - v doc id 18441 rev 4 7/72 AN3338 inverter design concept and sllimm solution 72 1.1 product synopsis the sllimm family has been designed to satisfy the requirements of a wide range of final applications in the range of 300 w - 2.0 kw, such as: ? washing machines ? dish washers ? refrigerators ? air conditioning compressor drives ? sewing machines ? pumps ? tools ? low power industrial applications the main features and integrated functions can be summarized as follows: ? 600 v, 10 - 30 a ratings ? 3-phase igbt inverter bridge including: ? six low-loss and short-circuit protected igbts ? six low forward voltage drop and soft recovery freewheeling diodes ? three control ics for gate driving and protection including: ? smart shutdown function ? comparator for fault protection against overcurrent and short-circuit ? op amps for advanced current sensing ? three integrated bootstrap diodes ? interlocking function ? undervoltage lockout figure 2. discrete-based inverter vs. sllimm solution comparison ! - v easy layout and design reduced emi and noise high quality and reliability improve efficiency advanced pro tection function reduce total system cost pass ive components: diodes resistors capacitors hv gate drivers igbts + fwds sllimm inverter design concept and sllimm solution AN3338 8/72 doc id 18441 rev 4 ? ntc thermistor for temperature monitor ? open emitter configuration for individual phase current sensing ? dbc fully isolated package for enhanced thermal behavior ? isolation voltage rating of 2500 v rms ? several passive components for igbt switching speed optimum setting ? gate driver proper biasing and noise filtering. figure 3 shows the block diagram of sllimm included in the inverter solution the power devices (igbts and freewheeling diodes), incorporated in the half bridge block, are tailored for a motor drive application delivering the greatest overall efficiency, thanks to the optimized trade-off between conduction and switching power losses and very low emi generation, as a result of reduced dv/dt and di/dt. the ic gate drivers have been selected in order to meet two levels of functionality giving the designers more freedom to choose: a basic version which includes the essential features for a cost-effective solution and a fully featured version which provides advanced options for a sophisticated control method. the fully isolated sdip package is available in a 25-lead version (sdip-25l) and 38-lead version (sdip-38l) and offers excellent heat dissipation characteristics, thanks to the state of the art dbc mounting technology, ensuring at the same time, very high voltage isolation rating (2500 v rms ), compact size and high reliability. figure 3. sllimm block diagram ! - v sllimm gate driver gate driver gate driver half bridge ntc temperature monitoring uvlo / dead time level shift bootstrap diode comparator smart shut down op-amp uvlo / dead time level shift bootstrap diode comparator smart shut down op-amp uvlo / dead time level shift bootstrap diode comparator smart shut down op-amp half bridge half bridge bridge rectifier microcontroller m feedback mains doc id 18441 rev 4 9/72 AN3338 inverter design concept and sllimm solution 72 1.2 product line-up and nomenclature table 1. sllimm line-up (1) 1. for additional information and the complete product portfolio, refer to www.st.com/modules. features basic version fully featured version stgips10k60a stgips14k60 stgipl 14k60 stgips20k60 stgipl20k60 voltage (v) 600 600 600 600 600 current @ t c =25 c (a) 10 14 15 18 20 r thjc max. single igbt (c/w) 3.8 3 2.8 2.4 2.2 package type sdip-25l sdip-25l sdip-38l sdip-25l sdip-38l package size (mm) x, y, z 44.4x22.0x5.4 44.4x22.0x5.4 49.6x24.5x5.4 44.4x22.0x5.4 49.6x24.5x5.4 dbc substrate yes yes yes yes yes ntc yes no yes no yes integrated bootstrap diode yes yes yes yes yes sd function no yes yes yes yes comparator for fault protection no yes (1 pin) yes (3 pins) yes (1 pin) yes (3 pins) smart shutdown function no yes yes yes yes op amps for advanced current sensing no no yes no yes interlocking function yes yes yes yes yes undervoltage lockout yes yes yes yes yes open emitter configuration yes (3 pins) yes (3 pins) yes (3 pins) yes (3 pins) yes (3 pins) 3.3 / 5 v input interface compatibility yes yes yes yes yes high side igbt input signal active high active high active high active high active high low side igbt input signal active high active low active low active low active low inverter design concept and sllimm solution AN3338 10/72 doc id 18441 rev 4 figure 4. sllimm nomenclature 6 7 * , 3 / . [ * - , * % 7 ' l r g h 6 / / , 0 0 ? , 3 0 3 d f n d j h / 6 ' , 3 / 6 6 ' , 3 / 1 r p l q d o f x u u h q w , & f x u u h q w d w 7 & ? & 7 h f k q r o r j \ . + + l j k i u h t x h q f \ n + ] : 9 h u \ + l j k i u h t x h q f \ n + ] & 0 h g l x p i u h t x h q f \ n + ] 9 & |