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product catalog & design guide transient voltage suppression (tvs) diode products diode
1 littelfuse circuit pro t solutions port f overvoltage suppression technologies (1-6) 2 4. gas plasma arrestors (gdts) available in small footprint leaded and surface mount con?gurations, littelfuse gdts respond fast to transient overvoltage events, reducing the risk of equipment damage . 5. silicon protection arrays designed speci?cally to protect analog and digital signal lines from electrostatic discharge (esd) and other overvoltage transients. 6. pulseguard ? esd suppressors available in various surface mount form factors to protect high-speed digital lines without causing signal distortion. 1. tvs diodes suppress overvoltage transients such as electrical fast transients (eft), inductive load switching and lightning in a wide variety of applications in the computer, industrial, telecom and automotive markets. 2. varistors multiple forms, from metal oxide varistors (movs) that suppress transient voltages to multi-layer varistors (mlvs) designed for applications requiring protection from various transients in computers and handheld devices as well as industrial and automotive applications. 3. sidactor ? devices complete line of protection thyristor products speci?cally designed to suppress overvoltage transients in a broad range of telecom and datacom applications. live application design and technical support tap into our expertise. littelfuse engi- neers are available around the world to help you address design challenges and develop unique, customized solutions for your products. product sampling programs most of our products are available as samples for testing and veri?cation within your circuit design. visit littelfuse.com or contact a littelfuse product representative for additional information. product evaluation labs and services littelfuse global labs are the hub of our new product development initiatives, and also provide design and compliance support testing as an added-value to our customers. design support consumer electronics telecom white goods medical equipment tvss and power s visit 35 7 t ection f olio overcurrent protection technologies (7-8) in addition to our broad portfolio of circuit protection technologies, we offer an array of fuse holders including circuit board, panel or in-line wire mounted devices to support a wide range of application requirements. 4 accessories 68 switching thyristors solid-state switches used to control the ?ow of electrical current in applications, capable of withstanding rated blocking/ off-state voltage until triggered to on-state. switching technologies s upplies lighting general electronics www.littelfuse.com for more information. 7. positive temperature coef?cient devices (ptcs) provide resettable overcurrent protection for a wide range of applications. 8. fuses full range including surface mount, axial, glass or ceramic, thin-?lm or nano 2? style, fast-acting or sloblo ? , mini ? and ato ? fuses. transient voltage suppression (tvs) diodes littelfuse offers the widest range of tvs diodes and other circuit protection products. littelfuse tvs diodes are ideal for protecting semiconductor components from high-voltage transients. they can respond to overvoltage events faster than most other types of circuit protection. this makes tvs diodes useful for protecting against very fast and often damaging voltage transients, such as lightning, inductive load switching and electrostatic discharge. littelfuse tvs diodes can ?t a wide range of circuit protection applications but were primarily designed to protect i/o interfaces in telecommunication and industrial equipment, computers and consumer electronics. features t low incremental surge resistance t unidirectional and bidirectional polarities available t reverse standoff voltages range from 5 to 512v t rohs compliantCmatte tin pb-free plated t surface-mount power ratings from 400w to 5,000w t axial lead power ratings from 400w to 30,000w (30kw) t high current protection available for 6ka and 10ka 1 ?2008 littelfuse, inc. speci?cations are subject to change without notice. please refer to http://www.littelfuse.com for current information. transient voltage suppression diodes overvoltage suppression facts ................ 2 transient voltage scenarios ...................... 3 tvs diode terms & de?nitions ................. 4 tvs diode selection checklist .................. 4 tvs diode series data sheet start page .................................. table of contents tvs diode products type surface mount - standard applications (400-5000w) series smaj p4sma sacb smbj p6smb 1ksmb smcj 1.5smc smdj 5.0smdj page # 71319232935414551 57 photo operating temperature -85 to +302 f (-65 to +150 c) package type do-214ac do-214ac do-214aa do-214aa do-214aa do-214aa do-214ab do-214ab do-214ab do-214ab reverse standoff voltage (v r ) 5.0-440 5.8-495 5.0-50 5.0-440 5.8-495 5.8-136 5.0-440 5.8-495 5.0-170 12-170 uni-directional 12-45 bi-directional peak pulse power range ? (p pp ) 400w 400w 500w 600w 600w 1000w 1500w 1500w 3000w 5000w peak pulse current (i pp 8x20s) not applicable maximum clamping voltage (v c ) refer to electrical characteristics table within each series data sheet rohs compliant yes pb lead-free ye s type axial leaded - standard applications (400-5000w) axial leaded - high power auto series p4ke sa sac p6ke 1.5ke lce 3kp 5kp 15kpa 20kpa 30kpa ak6 ak10 sld page # 63 69 75 79 85 91 97 103 109 115 121 127 131 135 photo operating temperature -85 to +302 f (-65 to +150 c) -67 to +347 f (-55 to +175 c) -85 to +302 f (-65 to +150 c) package type do-41 do-15 do-15 do-15 do-201 do-201 p600 p600 p600 p600 p600 radial lead radial lead p600 reverse standoff voltage (v r ) 5.8-495 5.0-180 5.0-50 5.8-512 5.8-495 6.5-90 5.0-220 5.0-250 17-280 20.0-300 28.0-288 58-430 58-430 10-24 peak pulse power range ? (p pp ) 400w 500w 500w 600w 1500w 1500w 3000w 5000w 15000w 2 0000w 30000w na na 2200 based on 1s/150ms pulse peak pulse current (i pp 8x20s) not applicable 6000a 1 0000a na maximum clamping voltage (v c ) refer to electrical characteristics table within each series data sheet rohs compliant ye s pb lead-free ye s ? based on 10/1000s pulse unless stated otherwise 2 transient voltage suppression diodes ?2008 littelfuse, inc. speci?cations are subject to change without notice. please refer to http://www.littelfuse.com for current information. transient threats C what are transients? voltage transients are de?ned as short duration surges of electrical energy and are the result of the sudden release of energy previously stored or induced by other means, such as heavy inductive loads or lightning. in electrical or electronic circuits, this energy can be released in a predictable manner via controlled switching actions, or randomly induced into a circuit from external sources. repeatable transients are frequently caused by the operation of motors, generators, or the switching of reactive circuit components. random transients, on the other hand, are often caused by lightning and electrostatic discharge (esd). lightning and esd generally occur unpredictably, and may require elaborate monitoring to be accurately measured, especially if induced at the circuit board level. numerous electronics standards groups have analyzed transient voltage occurrences using accepted monitoring or testing methods. the key characteristics of several transients are shown in the table below. voltage current rise-time duration lighting 25kv 20ka 10 s 1ms switching 600v 500a 50s 500ms emp 1kv 10a 20ns 1ms esd 15kv 30a <1ns 100ns table 1. examples of transient sources and magnitude characteristics of transient voltage spikes transient voltage spikes generally exhibit a double exponential wave, as shown below for lightning and esd. t1 t2 vp vp/2 t figure 1. lightning transient waveform 100% 90% i i 10% 30n 60n tr = 0.7 to 1.0ns current (i) % 30 60 figure 2. esd test waveform the exponential rise time of lightning is in the range 1.2sec to 10sec (essentially 10% to 90%) and the duration is in the range of 50sec to 1000sec (50% of peak values). esd on the other hand, is a much shorter duration event. the rise time has been characterized at less than 1.0ns. the overall duration is approximately 100ns. why are transients of increasing concern? component miniaturization has resulted in increased sensitivity to electrical stresses. microprocessors for example, have structures and conductive paths which are unable to handle high currents from esd transients. such components operate at very low voltages, so voltage disturbances must be controlled to prevent device interruption and latent or catastrophic failures. sensitive microprocessors are prevelant today in a wide range of devices. everything from home appliances, such as dishwashers, to industrial controls and even toys use microprocessors to improve functionality and ef?ciency. most vehicles now also employ multiple electronic systems to control the engine, climate, braking and, in some cases, steering, traction and safety systems. many of the sub- or supporting components (such as electric motors or accessories) within appliances and automobiles present transient threats to the entire system. careful circuit design should not only factor environmental scenarios but also the potential effects of these related components. table 2 below shows the vulnerability of various component technologies. device type vulnerability (volts) vmos 30-1800 mosfet 100-200 gaasfet 100-300 eprom 100 jfet 140-7000 cmos 250-3000 schottky diodes 300-2500 bipolar transistors 380-7000 scr 680-1000 table 2: range of device vulnerability. overvoltage suppression facts 3 ?2008 littelfuse, inc. speci?cations are subject to change without notice. please refer to http://www.littelfuse.com for current information. transient voltage suppression diodes electrostatic discharge (esd) electrostatic discharge is characterized by very fast rise times and very high peak voltages and currents. this energy is the result of an imbalance of positive and negative charges between objects. esd that is generated by everyday activities can far surpass the vulnerability threshold of standard semiconductor technologies. following are a few examples: t walking across a carpet: 35kv @ rh = 20%;1.5kv @ rh = 65% t walking across a vinyl ?oor: 12kv @ rh = 20%;250v @ rh = 65% t worker at a bench: 6kv @ rh = 20%;100v @ rh = 65% t vinyl envelopes: 7kv @ rh = 20%;600v @ rh = 65% t poly bag picked up from desk: 20kv @ rh = 20%;1.2kv @ rh = 65% lightning induced transients even though a direct strike is clearly destructive, transients induced by lightning are not the result of a direct strike. when a lightning strike occurs, the event creates a magnetic ?eld which can induce transients of large magnitude in nearby electrical cables. a cloud-to-cloud strike will effect not only overhead cables, but also buried cables. even a strike 1 mile distant (1.6km) can generate 70 volts in electrical cables. in a cloud-to-ground strike (as shown at right) the transient- generating effect is far greater. this diagram shows a typical current wavef orm for induced lightning disturbances. inductive load switching the switching of inductive loads generates high energy transients which increase in magnitude with increasingly heavy loads. when the inductive load is switched off, the collapsing magnetic ?eld is converted into electrical energy which takes the form of a double exponential transient. depending on the source, these transients can be as large as hundreds of volts and hundreds of amps, with duration times of 400 milliseconds. typical sources of inductive transients include: t generator t motor t relay t transformer these examples are common in electrical and electronic systems. because the sizes of the loads vary according to the application, the wave shape, duration, peak current and peak voltage are all variables which exist in real world transients. once these variables can be approximated, a suitable suppressor technology can be selected. the diagram at right shows a transient which is the result of stored energy within the alternator of an automobile charging system. a similar transient can also be caused by other dc motors in a vehicle. for example, dc motors power amenities such as power locks, seats and windows. these various applications of a dc motor can produce transients that are just as harmful to the sensitive electronic components as transients created in the external environment. t t 1 v b v s = 25v to 125v v b = 1 4 v t= 40ms to 400ms v s 90 % 10 % t v t 1 = 5ms to 10ms r = 0.5 to 4 percent of peak value 100 90 50 10 o 1 t t 1 t 2 time transient voltage scenarios 4 transient voltage suppression diodes ?2008 littelfuse, inc. speci?cations are subject to change without notice. please refer to http://www.littelfuse.com for current information. 4 crowbar device the class of suppressors that exhibit a crowbar characteristic is usally associated with 4-layer npnp silicon bipolar devices or gas plasma/gdt devices. upon reaching a threshold or brea kover voltage, further increase in current ?ow will cause the device to rapidly conduct with only a few volts of forward drop. in essence, the line is momentarily short-circuited during the transient event. operating temperature range the minimum and maximum ambient operating temperature of the circuit in which a device will be applied. operating temperature does not allow for the effects of adjacent components, this is a parameter the designer must take into consideration. capacitance the property of a circuit element that permits it to store an electrical charge. in circuit protection, the off-state capacitance is typically measured at 1 mhz with a 2v bias applied. reverse standoff voltage (v r ) in the case of a uni-directional tvs diode, this is the maximum peak voltage that may be applied in the blocking direction with no signi?cant current ?ow. in the case of a bi-directional transient, it applies in either direction. it is the same de?nition as maximum off-state voltage and maximum working voltage. breakdown voltage (v br ) breakdown voltage measured at a speci?ed dc test current, typically 1ma. usually a minimum and maximum is speci?ed. peak pulse current (i pp ) maximum pulse current which can be applied repetitively. usually a 10x1000s double exponential wavef orm, but can also be 8x20s, if stated. maximum clamping voltage (v c or v ci ) maximum voltage which can be measured across the protector when subjected to the maximum peak pulse current. peak pulse power (p pp ) expressed in watts or kilowatts, for a 1ms exponential transient (see ?gure 1, page 23) it is i pp multiplied by v cl . tvs diode terms & de?nitions 1. de?ne circuit operating parameters normal operating voltage type in dc or ac: device type required: uni-drectional bi-directional normal operating voltage in volts: maximum transient current (ipp): maximum clamping voltage (vc): required peak reverse surge power rating: product mounting type (package): operating temperature: 2. narrow tvs diode series for the application please refer to the product selection charts and data sheets within this guide, factoring these key parameters: reverse standoff voltage (v r ) : the device v r should be equal to, or great than, the peak operating level of the circuit (or part of the circuit) to be protected. this is to ensure that tvs diode does not clip the circuit drive voltage. peak pulse current (i pp ) : the peak pulse current (i pp ) identi?es the maximum current the tvs diode can withstand without damage. the required i pp can only be determined by dividing the peak transient voltage by the source impedance. note that the tvs diode failure mechanism is a short circuit; if the tvs diode fails due to a transient, the circuit will still be protected. maximum clamping voltage (v c ) : this the peak voltage that will appear across the tvs diode when subjected to the peak pulse current (i pp ) , based on 10x1000us exponential wavef orm. the v c of each tvs diode is identi?ed in each series data sheet electrical characteristics table. 3. verify ambient operating parameters ensure that the application voltage is less than or equal to the devices standoff voltage, and that the operating temperature limits are within those speci?ed by the device. 4. verify device mounting style and dimensions please refer to the dimension drawings contained within the data sheet of each series. 5. test the selected device in actual application please contact littelfuse if you would like assistance with testing and verifying suitability of a littelfuse device within your product. we have extensive product testing lab capabilities and technical expertise to assist you. tvs diode selection checklist 5 ?2008 littelfuse, inc. speci?cations are subject to change without notice. please refer to http://www.littelfuse.com for current information. transient voltage suppression diodes 5 surface mount - standard applications (400 - 5000w) rohs smaj series, surface mount - 400w 7 rohs p4sma series, surface mount - 400w 13 rohs sacb series, surface mount - 500w 19 rohs smbj series, surface mount - 600w 23 rohs p6smb series, surface mount - 600w 29 rohs 1ksmb series, surface mount - 1000w 35 rohs smcj series, surface mount - 1500w 41 rohs 1.5smc series, surface mount - 1500w 45 rohs smdj series, surface mount - 3000w 51 rohs 5.0smdj series, surface mount - 5000w 57 axial leaded - standard applications (400 - 5000w) rohs p4ke series, axial leaded - 400w 63 rohs sa series, axial leaded - 500w 69 rohs sac series, axial leaded - 500w 75 rohs p6ke series, axial leaded - 600w 79 rohs 1.5ke series, axial leaded - 1500w 85 rohs lce series, axial leaded - 1500w 91 rohs 3kp series, axial leaded - 3000w 97 rohs 5kp series, axial leaded - 5000w 103 axial leaded - high power applications (15000 - 3 0000w and 6 - 10ka) rohs 15kpa series, axial leaded - 15000w 109 rohs 20kpa series, axial leaded - 2 0000w 115 rohs 30kpa series, axial leaded - 3 0000w 121 rohs ak6 series, axial leaded - 6ka 127 rohs ak10 series, axial leaded -10ka 131 axial leaded - automotive applications rohs sld series, axial leaded - 2200w 135 data sheet table of contents tvs diode products 6 transient voltage suppression diodes ?2008 littelfuse, inc. speci?cations are subject to change without notice. please refer to http://www.littelfuse.com for current information. 7 ?2008 littelfuse, inc. speci?cations are subject to change without notice. please refer to http://www.littelfuse.com for current information. transient voltage suppression diodes surface mount C 400w > smaj series smaj series smaj series rohs description agency approvals agency agency file number e230531 features maximum ratings and thermal characteristics (t a =25 o c unless otherwise noted) parameter symbol value unit peak pulse power dissipation at t a =25oc by 10x1000s wavef orm (fig.1)(note 1), (note 2) p ppm 400 w power dissipation on in?nite heat sink at t a =50 o c p m(av) 3.3 w peak forward surge current, 8.3ms single half sine wave (note 3) i fsm 40 a maximum instantaneous forward voltage at 25a for unidirectional only (note 4) v f 3.5v/6.5 v operating junction and storage temperature range t j , t stg -65 to 150 c typical thermal resistance junction to lead r ujl 30 c/w typical thermal resistance junction to ambient r uja 120 c/w notes: 1. non-repetitive current pulse, per fig.3 and derated above t a =25oc per fig. 2. 2. mounted on 5.0x5.0mm copper pad to each terminal. 3. measured on 8.3ms single half sine wave or equivalent square wave for unidirectional device only. 4. v f < 3.5v for v br _ < 200v and v f < 6.5v for v br _ > 201v. the smaj series is designed speci?cally to protect sensitive electronic equipment from voltage transients induced by lightning and other transient voltage events. applications tvs devices are ideal for the protection of i/o interfaces, v cc bus and other vulnerable circuits used in telecom, computer, industrial and consumer electronic applications. t 3 p ) 4 d p n q m j b o u t ' p s t v s g b d f n p v o u f e applications to optimize board space t - p x q s p m m f q b d l b h f t # v j m u j o t u s b j o s f m j f g t ( m b t t q b t t j w b u f e k v o d u j p o t - p x j o e v d u b o d f t & |