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august 2010 doc id 15209 rev 3 1/28 28 L6229Q dmos driver for three-phase brushless dc motor features operating supply voltage from 8 to 52 v 2.8 a output peak current (1.4 a rms) r ds(on) 0.73 typ. value @ t j = 25 c operating frequency up to 100 khz non dissipative overcurrent detection and protection diagnostic output constant t off pwm current controller slow decay synchronous rectification 60 and 120 hall effect decoding logic brake function cross conduction protection thermal shutdown under voltage lockout integrated fast free wheeling diodes description the L6229Q is a dmos fully integrated three- phase motor driver with overcurrent protection. realized in bcdmultipower technology, the device combines isolated dmos power transistors with cmos and bipolar circuits on the same chip. the device includes all the circuitry needed to drive a three-phase bldc motor including: a three-phase dmos bridge, a constant off time pwm current controller and the decoding logic for single ended hall sensors that generates the required sequence for the power stage. available in vfqfpn-32 5 x 5 package, the L6229Q features a non-dissipative overcurrent protection on the high side power mosfets and thermal shutdown. vfqfpn32 5 mm x 5 mm table 1. device summary order codes package packaging L6229Q vfqfpn32 5x5x1.0 mm tube L6229Qtr tape and reel www.st.com
contents L6229Q 2/28 doc id 15209 rev 3 contents 1 block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 electrical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1 absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2 recommended operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.3 thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3 pin connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4 electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5 circuit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.1 power stages and charge pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.2 logic inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.3 pwm current control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.4 slow decay mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.5 decoding logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.6 tacho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.7 non-dissipative overcurrent detection and pr otection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 6 application information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 6.1 output current capability and ic power diss ipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 6.2 thermal management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 7 package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 8 revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
L6229Q block diagram doc id 15209 rev 3 3/28 1 block diagram figure 1. block diagram charge pump voltage regulator hall-effect sensors decoding logic thermal protection tacho monostable ocd1 ocd ocd ocd2 10v 5v vcp vs a gate logic vboot v boot out 1 out 2 sense a vs b out 3 sense b diag en fwd/rev brake h 3 h 1 rcpulse d99in1095b tacho rcoff h 2 ocd3 one shot monostable masking time v boot ocd1 10v v boot ocd2 10v v boot ocd3 10v sense comparator + - pwm vref
electrical data L6229Q 4/28 doc id 15209 rev 3 2 electrical data 2.1 absolute maximum ratings 2.2 recommended operating conditions table 2. absolute maximum ratings symbol parameter parameter value unit v s supply voltage v sa = v sb = v s 60 v v od differential voltage between: vs a , out 1 , out 2 , sense a and vs b , out 3 , sense b v sa = v sb = v s = 60 v; v sensea = v senseb = gnd 60 v v boot bootstrap peak voltage v sa = v sb = v s v s + 10 v v in , v en logic inputs voltage range -0.3 to +7 v v ref voltage range at pin vref -0.3 to +7 v v rcoff voltage range at pin rcoff -0.3 to +7 v v rcpulse voltage range at pin rcpulse -0.3 to +7 v v sense voltage range at pins sense a and sense b -1 to +4 v i s(peak) pulsed supply current (for each v s pin) v sa = v sb = v s ; t pulse < 1 ms 3.55 a i s rms supply current (for each v s pin) v sa = v sb = v s 1.4 a t stg , t op storage and operating temperature range -40 to 150 c table 3. recommended operating conditions symbol parameter parameter min max unit v s supply voltage v sa = v sb = v s 852v v od differential voltage between vs a , out1 a , out2 a , sense a and vs b , out1 b , out2 b , sense b v sa = v sb = v s ; v sensea = v senseb 52 v v refa , v refb voltage range at pins v refa and v refb -0.1 5 v v sensea, v senseb voltage range at pins sense a and sense b (pulsed t w < t rr ) (dc) -6 -1 6 1 v v i out rms output current 1.4 a t j operating junction temperature -25 +125 c f sw switching frequency 100 khz
L6229Q electrical data doc id 15209 rev 3 5/28 2.3 thermal data table 4. thermal data symbol parameter value unit r th(ja) thermal resistance j unction-ambient max. (1) 1. mounted on a double-layer fr4 pcb with a dissipating copper surface of 0.5 cm 2 on the top side plus 6 cm 2 ground layer connected through 18 via holes (9 below the ic). 42 c/w
pin connection L6229Q 6/28 doc id 15209 rev 3 3 pin connection figure 2. pin connection (top view) note: 1 the pins 2 to 8 are connected to die pad. 2 the die pad must be connected to gnd pin. 124 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 9 10111213141516 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 gnd vcp out2 vsa gnd vsb out3 nc vboo t nc nc nc nc nc nc nc tacho nc rcpulse fw/rew en vref brake senseb nc out1 rcoff diag h1 h3 h2 sensea 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
L6229Q pin connection doc id 15209 rev 3 7/28 table 5. pin description n pin type function 1, 21 gnd gnd ground terminals. 9tacho open drain output frequency-to-voltage open drain output. every pulse from pin h 1 is shaped as a fixed and adjustable length pulse. 11 rcpulse rc pin rc network pin. a parallel rc network connected between this pin and ground sets the duration of the monostable pulse used for the frequency-to- voltage converter. 12 sense b power supply half bridge 3 source pin. this pi n must be connect ed together with pin sense a to power ground through a sensing power resistor. at this pin also the inverting input of the sense comparator is connected. 13 fwd/rev logic input selects the direction of the rotation. high logic level sets forward operation, whereas low logic level sets reverse operation. if not used, it has to be connected to gnd or +5 v. 14 en logic input chip enable. low logic level switches off all power mosfets. if not used, it has to be connected to +5 v. 15 vref logic input current controller reference voltage. do not leave this pin open or connect to gnd. 16 brake logic input brake input pin. low logic level switches on all high side power mosfets, implementing the brake function. if not used, it has to be connected to +5 v. 17 vboot supply voltage bootstrap voltage needed for driving the upper power mosfets. 19 out 3 power output output half bridge 3. 20 vs b power supply half bridge 3 power supply voltage. it must be connected to the supply voltage together with pin vs a . 22 vs a power supply half bridge 1 and half bridge 2 power supply voltage. it must be connected to the supply voltage together with pin vs b . 23 out 2 power output output half bridge 2. 24 vcp output charge pump oscillator output. 25 h 2 sensor input single ended hall effect sensor input 2. 26 h 3 sensor input single ended hall effect sensor input 3. 27 h 1 sensor input single ended hall effect sensor input 1. 28 diag open drain output overcurrent detection and thermal protection pin. an internal open drain transistor pulls to gnd when an overcurrent on one of the high side mosfets is detected or during thermal protection. 29 sense a power supply half bridge 1 and half bridge 2 source pin. this pin must be connected together with pin sense b to power ground through a sensing power resistor. 30 rcoff rc pin rc network pin. a parallel rc network connected between this pin and ground sets the current controller off-time. 31 out 1 power output output half bridge 1.
electrical characteristics L6229Q 8/28 doc id 15209 rev 3 4 electrical characteristics table 6. electrical characteristics (v s = 48 v, t a = 25 c, unless otherwise specified) symbol parameter test condition min typ max unit v sth(on) turn-on threshold 5.8 6.3 6.8 v v sth(off) turn-off threshold 5 5.5 6 v i s quiescent supply current all bridges off; t j = -25 c to 125 c (1) 510ma t j(off) thermal shutdown temperature 165 c output dmos transistors r ds(on) high-side + low-side switch on resistance t j = 25 c 1.47 1.69 t j =125 c (1) 2.35 2.70 i dss leakage current en = low; out = v s 2ma en = low; out = gnd -0.3 ma source drain diodes v sd forward on voltage i sd = 1.4 a, en = low 1.15 1.3 v t rr reverse recovery time i f = 1.4 a 300 ns t fr forward recovery time 200 ns logic inputs (en, control, ha lf/full, clock, reset, cw/ccw) v il low level logic input voltage -0.3 0.8 v v ih high level logic input voltage 2 7 v i il low level logic input current gnd logic input voltage -10 a i ih high level logic input current 7 v logic input voltage 10 a v th(on) turn-on input threshold 1.8 2.0 v v th(off) turn-off input threshold 0.8 1.3 v v th(hys) input threshold h ysteresis 0.25 0.5 v switching characteristics t d(on)en enable to output turn-on delay time (2) i load = 1.4 a, resistive load 500 650 800 ns t d(off)en enable to output turn-off delay time (2) 500 1000 ns t d(on)in other logic inputs to out turn-on delay time 1.6 s t d(off)in other logic inputs to out turn-off delay time 800 ns t rise output rise time (2) 40 250 ns t fall output fall time (2) 40 250 ns t dt dead time 0.5 1 s
L6229Q electrical characteristics doc id 15209 rev 3 9/28 f cp charge pump frequency t j = -25 c to 125 c (1) 0.6 1 mhz pwm comparator and monostable i rcoff source current at pin rcoff v rcoff = 2.5 v 3.5 5.5 ma v offset offset voltage on sense comparator (3) v ref = 0.5 v 5 mv t prop turn off propagation delay (4) v ref = 0.5 v 500 ns t blank internal blanking time on sense comparator 1s t on(min) minimum on time 2.5 3 s t off pwm recirculation time r off = 20 k ; c off = 1 nf 13 s r off = 100 k ; c off = 1 nf 61 s i bias input bias current at pin vref 10 a tacho monostable i rcpulse source current at pin rcpulse v rcpulse = 2.5 v 3.5 5.5 ma t pulse monostable of time r pul = 20 k ; c pul = 1 nf 12 s r pul = 100 k ; c pul = 1 nf 60 s r tac h o open drain on resistance 40 60 w over current detection and protection i sover supply overcurrent protection threshold t j = -25 to 125 c (2) 2 2.8 3.55 a r opdr open drain on resistance i diag = 4 ma 40 60 w i oh ocd high level leakage current v diag = 5 v 1 a t ocd(on) ocd turn-on delay time (4) i diag = 4 ma; c diag < 100 pf 200 ns t ocd(off) ocd turn-off delay time (4) i diag = 4 ma; c diag < 100 pf 100 ns 1. tested at 25 c in a restricted r ange and guaranteed by characterization 2. see figure 3 . 3. measured applying a voltage of 1 v to pin sense and a voltage drop from 2 v to 0 v to pin vref. 4. see figure 4 . table 6. electrical characteristics (continued) (v s = 48 v, t a = 25 c, unless otherwise specified) symbol parameter test condition min typ max unit
electrical characteristics L6229Q 10/28 doc id 15209 rev 3 figure 3. switching char acteristic definition figure 4. overcurrent de tection timing definition v th(on) v th(off) 90% 10% en i out t t t fall t d(off)en t rise t d(on)en d01in1316 i sover 90% 10% i out v diag t ocd(off) t ocd(on) d02in1387 on off bridge
L6229Q circuit description doc id 15209 rev 3 11/28 5 circuit description 5.1 power stages and charge pump the L6229Q integrates a three-phase bridge, which consists of 6 power mosfets connected as shown on the block diagram (see figure 1 ). each power mos has an r ds(on) = 0.73 (typical value @ 25 c) with intrinsi c fast freewheeling diode. switching patterns are generated by the pwm current controller and the hall effect sensor decoding logic (see relative paragraph 3.3 and 3.5). cross conduction protection is implemented by using a dead time (t dt = 1 s typical value) set by internal timing circuit between the turn off and turn on of two power mosfets in one leg of a bridge. pins vs a and vs b must be connected together to the supply voltage (v s ). using n-channel power mos for the upper transistors in the bridge requires a gate drive voltage above the power supply voltage. the bootstrapped supply (v boot ) is obtained through an internal oscillator and few external components to realize a charge pump circuit as shown in figure 5 . the oscillator output (pin vcp) is a square wave at 600 khz (typically) with 10 v amplitude. recommended values/part numbers for the charge pump circuit are shown in ta b l e 7 . figure 5. charge pump circuit table 7. charge pump external component values component value c boot 220 nf c p 10 nf d1 1n4148 d2 1n4148 d2 c boo t d1 c p v s vs a vcp vboo t vs b d01in132 8
circuit description L6229Q 12/28 doc id 15209 rev 3 5.2 logic inputs pins fwd/rev, brake, en, h1, h2 and h3 ar e ttl/cmos and microc ontroller compatible logic inputs. the internal structure is shown in figure 6 . typical value for turn-on and turn-off thresholds are respectively v th(on) = 1.8 v and v th(off) = 1.3 v. pin en (enable) has identical input structure with the exception that the drain of the overcurrent and thermal protection mosfet is also connected to this pin. due to this connection some care needs to be taken in driving this pin. the en input may be driven in one of two configurations as shown in figure 10 or figure 11 . if driven by an open drain (collector) structure, a pull-up resistor r en and a capacitor c en are connected as shown in figure 10 . if the driver is a standard push-pull structure the resistor r en and the capacitor c en are connected as shown in figure 11 . the resistor r en should be chosen in the range from 2.2 k to 180 k . recommended values for r en and c en are respectively 10 k and 5.6 nf. more information on selecting the values is found in the overcurrent protection section. figure 6. logic inputs internal structure figure 7. pin en open collector driving figure 8. pin en push-pull driving 5v d01in1329 esd protection 5v 5v open collector output r en c en en diag d02in137 8 esd protection 5v push-pull output r en c en en d02in137 9 diag esd protection
L6229Q circuit description doc id 15209 rev 3 13/28 5.3 pwm current control the L6229Q includes a constant off time pwm current controller. the current control circuit senses the bridge current by sensing the voltage drop across an external sense resistor connected between the source of the three lower power mos transistors and ground, as shown in figure 9 . as the current in the motor increases the voltage across the sense resistor increases proportionally. when the voltage drop across the sense resistor becomes greater than the voltage at the reference input pin vref the sense comparator triggers the monostable switching the bridge off. the power mos remain off for the time set by the monostable and the motor current recirculates around the upper half of the bridge in slow decay mode as described in the next section. when the monostable times out, the bridge will again turn on. since the internal dead ti me, used to prevent cross conduction in the bridge, delays the turn on of the power mos, the effective off time t off is the sum of the monostable time plus the dead time. figure 10 shows the typical operating waveforms of the output current, the voltage drop across the sensing resistor, the pin rc voltage and the status of the bridge. more details regarding the synchronous rectification and the output stage configuration are included in the next section. immediately after the power mos turn on, a high peak current flows through the sense resistor due to the reverse recovery of the freewheeling diodes. the L6229Q provides a 1 s blanking time t blank that inhibits the comparator output so that the current spike cannot prematurely re trigger the monostable. figure 9. pwm current controller simplified schematic drivers + dead time s q r drivers + dead time drivers + dead time out 3 out 2 sense b sense a r sense d02in1380 rcoff r off c off vref out 1 + + - - 1 s 5ma blanker sense comparator monostable set 2.5v 5v from the low-side gate drivers blanking time monostable vs b vs vs a to gate logic (0) (1)
circuit description L6229Q 14/28 doc id 15209 rev 3 figure 10. output current regulation waveforms figure 11 shows the magnitude of the off time t off versus c off and r off values. it can be approximately calculated from the equations: t rcfall = 0.6 r off c off t off = t rcfall + t dt = 0.6 r off c off + t dt where r off and c off are the external component values and t dt is the internally generated dead time with: 20 k r off 100 k 0.47 nf c off 100 nf t dt = 1 s (typical value) therefore: t off(min) = 6.6 s t off(max) = 6 ms these values allow a sufficient range of t off to implement the drive circuit for most motors. the capacitor value chosen for c off also affects the rise time t rcrise of the voltage at the pin rcoff. the rise time t rcrise will only be an issue if the capacitor is not completely charged before the next time the monostable is triggered. therefore, the on time t on , which depends by motors and supply parameters, has to be bigger than t rcrise for allowing a good current regulation by the pwm stage. furthermore, the on time t on can not be smaller than the minimum on time t on(min) . off bc dd a t on t off bc on 2.5v 0 slow decay slow decay 1 s t blank t rcrise t rcrise synchronous rectification 1 s t blank 5v v rc v sense v ref i out v ref r sense d02in1351 t off 1 s t dt 1 s t dt t rcfall t rcfall
L6229Q circuit description doc id 15209 rev 3 15/28 t rcrise = 600 c off figure 12 shows the lower limit for the on time t on for having a good pwm current regulation capacity. it has to be said that t on is always bigger than t on(min) because the device imposes this condition, but it can be smaller than t rcrise - t dt . in this last case the device continues to work but the off time t off is not more constant. so, small c off value gives more flexibility for the app lications (allows smaller on time and, therefore, higher switching frequency), but, the smaller is the value for c off , the more influential will be the noises on the circuit performance. figure 11. t off versus c off and r off figure 12. area where t on can vary maintaining the pwm regulation t on t on min () > 2.5 s = t on t rcrise t dt ? > ?? ?? ?? (typ. value) 0.1 1 10 100 1 10 100 1 . 10 3 1 . 10 4 coff [nf] toff [ s] r off = 100k r off = 47k r off = 20k 0.1 1 10 100 1 10 100 coff [nf] ton(min) [us] 2.5 s (typ. value)
circuit description L6229Q 16/28 doc id 15209 rev 3 5.4 slow decay mode figure 13 shows the operation of the bridge in the slow decay mode during the off time. at any time only two legs of the three-phase bridge are active, therefore only the two active legs of the bridge are shown in the figure and the third leg will be off. at the start of the off time, the lower power mos is switched off and the current recirculates around the upper half of the bridge. since the voltage across the coil is low, the current decays slowly. after the dead time the upper power mos is operated in the synchronous rectification mode reducing the impedance of the freewheeling diode and the related conducting losses. when the monostable times out, upper mos that was operating the synchronous mode turns off and the lower power mos is turned on again after some delay set by the dead time to prevent cross conduction. figure 13. slow decay mode output stage configurations 5.5 decoding logic the decoding logic section is a combinatory logic that provides the appropriate driving of the three-phase bridge outputs according to the signals coming from the three hall sensors that detect rotor position in a 3-phase bldc motor. this novel combinatory logic discriminates between the actual sensor positions for sensors spaced at 60, 120, 240 and 300 electrical degrees. this decoding method allows the implementation of a universal ic without dedicating pins to select the sensor configuration. there are eight possible input combinations for three sensor inputs. six combinations are valid for rotor positions with 120 electrical degrees sensor phasing (see figure 14 , positions 1, 2, 3a, 4, 5 and 6a) and six combinations are valid for rotor positions with 60 electrical degrees phasing (see figure 15 , positions 1, 2, 3b, 4, 5 and 6b). four of them are in common (1, 2, 4 and 5) whereas there are tw o combinations used only in 120 electrical degrees sensor phasing (3a and 6a) and two combinations used only in 60 electrical degrees sensor phasing (3b and 6b). the decoder can drive motors with different sensor configuration simply by following the ta bl e 8 . for any input configuration (h 1 , h 2 and h 3 ) there is one output configuration (out 1 , out 2 and out 3 ). the output configuration 3a is the same than 3b and analogously output configuration 6a is the same than 6b. the sequence of the hall codes for 300 electrical degrees phasing is the reverse of 60 and the sequence of the hall codes for 240 phasing is the reverse of 120. so, by decoding the 60 a) on time b) 1 s dead time c) synchronous rectification d) 1 s dead time d01in1336
L6229Q circuit description doc id 15209 rev 3 17/28 and the 120 codes it is possible to drive the motor with all the four conventions by changing the direction set. figure 14. 120 hall sensor sequence figure 15. 60 hall sensor sequence table 8. 60 and 120 electrical degree decoding logic in forward direction hall 120 1 2 3a - 4 5 6a - hall 60 12 - 3b4 5-6b h 1 hh l h l lhl h 2 lh h h h lll h 3 ll l hhhhl out 1 vs high z gnd gnd gnd high z vs vs out 2 high z vs vs vs high z gnd gnd gnd out 3 gnd gnd high z high z vs vs high z high z phasing 1->3 2->3 2->1 2->1 3->1 3->2 1->2 1->2 h 1 h 2 h 2 h 2 h 2 h 2 h 3 h 3 h 3 h 3 h 3 h 1 h 1 h 1 h 1 h 3 h 2 h 1 1 2 3a 4 5 6a = h = l h 1 h 1 h 2 h 2 h 2 h 2 h 2 h 3 h 3 h 3 h 3 h 3 h 1 h 1 h 1 h 1 h 3 h 2 1 2 3b 4 5 6b = h = l
circuit description L6229Q 18/28 doc id 15209 rev 3 5.6 tacho a tachometer function consists of a monostable, with constant off time (t pulse ), whose input is one hall effect signal (h 1 ). it allows developing an easy speed control loop by using an external op amp, as shown in figure 17 . for component values refer to application information section. the monostable output drives an open drain output pin (tacho). at each rising edge of the hall effect sensors h 1 , the monostable is triggered and the mosfet connected to pin tacho is turned off for a constant time t pulse (see figure 16 ). the off time t pulse can be set using the external rc network (r pul , c pul ) connected to the pin rcpulse. figure 18 gives the relation between t pulse and c pul , r pul . we have approximately: t pulse = 0.6 r pul c pul where c pul should be chosen in the range 1 nf ? 100 nf and r pul in the range 20 k ? 100 k . by connecting the tachometer pin to an external pull-up resistor, the output signal average value v m is proportional to the frequency of the hall effect signal and, therefore, to the motor speed. this realizes a simple frequency-to-voltage converter. an op amp, configured as an integrator, filters the signal and compares it with a reference voltage v ref , which sets the speed of the motor. figure 16. tacho operation waveforms v m t pulse t ------------------ v dd ? = t t pulse h 1 v tacho h 2 h 3 v m v dd
L6229Q circuit description doc id 15209 rev 3 19/28 figure 17. tachometer speed control loop figure 18. t pulse versus c pul and r pul c ref2 r pul c pul r dd r 3 r 2 r 1 c 1 c ref1 vref tacho h 1 tacho monostable rcpulse v dd v ref r 4 1 10 100 10 100 1 . 10 3 1 . 10 4 cpul [nf] tpulse [ s] r pul = 100k r pul = 47k r pul = 20k
circuit description L6229Q 20/28 doc id 15209 rev 3 5.7 non-dissipative overcurrent detection and protection the L6229Q integrates an overcurrent detection circuit (ocd) for full protection. this circuit provides output-to-output and output-to-ground short circuit protection as well. with this internal over current detection, the external current sense resistor normally used and its associated power dissipation are eliminated. figure 19 shows a simplified schematic for the overcurrent detection circuit. to implement the over current detection, a sensing element that delivers a small but precise fraction of the output current is implemented with each high side power mos. since this current is a small fraction of the output current there is very little additional power dissipation. this current is compared with an internal reference current i ref . when the output current reaches the detection threshold (typically i sover = 2.8 a) the ocd comparator signals a fault condition. when a fault condition is detected, an internal open drain mos with a pull down capability of 4 ma connected to pin diag is turned on. the pin diag can be used to signal the fault condition to a c or to shut down the three- phase bridge simply by connecting it to pin en and adding an external r-c (see r en , c en ). figure 19. overcurrent protection simplified schematic figure 20 shows the overcurrent detection operation. the disable time t disable before recovering normal operation can be easily programmed by means of the accurate thresholds of the logic inputs. it is affected whether by c en and r en values and its magnitude is reported in figure 21 . the delay time t delay before turning off the bridge when an overcurrent has been detected depends only by c en value. its magnitude is reported in figure 22 c en is also used for providing immunity to pin en against fast transient noises. therefore the value of c en should be chosen as big as possible according to the maximum tolerable delay time and the r en value should be chosen according to the desired disable time. the resistor r en should be chosen in the range from 2.2 k to 180 k . recommended values for r en and c en are respectively 100 k and 5.6 nf that allow obtaining 200 s disable time. + over temperature i ref i ref i 1 +i 2 / n i 1 / n high side dmos power sense 1 cell power sense 1 cell power sense 1 cell power dmos n cells power dmos n cells power dmos n cells high side dmos high side dmos out 1 out 2 vs a out 3 vs b i 1 i 2 i 3 i 2 / n i 3 / n ocd comparator to gate logic internal open-drain r ds(on) 40 typ. c en r en diag en v dd c or logic d02in1381
L6229Q circuit description doc id 15209 rev 3 21/28 figure 20. overcurrent protection waveforms figure 21. t disable versus c en and r en figure 22. t delay versus c en . i sover i out v th(on) v th(off) v en(low) v dd t ocd(on) t d(on)en t en(fall) t en(rise) t disable t delay t ocd(off) t d(off)en v en =v diag bridge on off ocd on off d02in1383 1 10 100 1 10 100 1 . 10 3 c en [nf] t disable [s] r en = 220 k r en = 100 k r en = 47 k r en = 33 k r en = 10 k 1 10 100 1 10 100 1 . 10 3 c en [nf] t disable [s] r en = 220 k r en = 100 k r en = 47 k r en = 33 k r en = 10 k 110100 0.1 1 10 cen [nf] tdelay [ s]
application information L6229Q 22/28 doc id 15209 rev 3 6 application information a typical application using L6229Q is shown in figure 23 . typical component values for the application are shown in ta bl e 9 . a high quality ceramic capacitor (c 2 ) in the range of 100 nf to 200 nf should be placed between the power pins vs a and vs b and ground near the L6229Q to improve the high frequency filtering on the power supply and reduce high frequency transients generated by the switching. the capacitor (c en ) connected from the en input to ground sets the shut down time when an over current is detected (see overcurrent protection). the two current sensing inputs (sense a and sense b ) should be connected to the sensing resistor r sense with a trace length as short as possible in the layout. the sense resistor should be non-inductive resistor to minimize the di/dt transients across the resistor. to increase noise immunity, unused logic pins are best connected to 5 v (high logic level) or gnd (low logic level) (see pin description). it is recommended to keep power ground and signal ground separated on pcb. table 9. component values for typical application component value c 1 100 f c 2 100 nf c 3 220 nf c boot 220 nf c off 1 nf c pul 10 nf c ref1 33 nf c ref2 100 nf c en 5.6 nf c p 10 nf d 1 1n4148 d 2 1n4148 r 1 5 k6 r 2 1 k8 r 3 4 k7 r 4 1 m r dd 1 k r en 100 k r sense 0.6 r off 33 k r pul 47 k r h1 , r h2 , r h3 10 k
L6229Q application information doc id 15209 rev 3 23/28 figure 23. typical application 6.1 output current capabilit y and ic power dissipation in figure 24 is shown the approximate relation between the output current and the ic power dissipation using pwm current control. for a given output current the power dissipated by the ic can be easily evaluated, in order to establish which package should be used and how large must be the on-board copper dissipating area to guarantee a safe operating junction temperature (125 c maximum). figure 24. ic power dissipation versus output power 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 9 10111213141516 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 gnd nc h1 h2 h3 h1 h2 h3 nc nc nc nc nc nc brake fwd/rew c p d 1 d 2 v s 8 52 v dc power ground signal ground + _ m c off r off c pul r pul c 3 r 4 r 2 r 3 r dd r sense enable c ref1 c ref1 r en r 1 c en v ref c boot c 1 c 2 tacho nc rcpulse fw/rew en vref brake senseb vcp out2 vsa gnd vsb out3 nc vboot nc out1 rcoff diag h1 h3 h2 sensea to senseb to en hall sensor three-phase motor r h1 r h2 r h3 +5v +5v no pwm f sw = 30 khz (slow decay) test conditions: supply voltage = 24 v 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 0 2 4 6 8 10 p i out [a] d [w] i out i 1 i 3 i 2 i out i out
application information L6229Q 24/28 doc id 15209 rev 3 6.2 thermal management in most applications the power dissipation in the ic is the main factor that sets the maximum current that can be delivered by the device in a safe operating condition. therefore, it has to be taken into account very carefully. besides the available space on the pcb, the right package should be chosen considering the power dissipation. heat sinking can be achieved using copper on the pcb with proper area and thickness. for instance, using a vfqfpn32l 5 x 5 package the typical r th(ja) is about 42 c/w when mounted on a double-layer fr4 pcb with a dissipating copper area of 0.5 cm 2 on the top side plus 6 cm 2 ground layer connected through 18 via holes (9 below the ic).
L6229Q package mechanical data doc id 15209 rev 3 25/28 7 package mechanical data in order to meet environmental requirements, st offers these devices in different grades of ecopack? packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ecopack? specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com . ecopack? is an st trademark. note: vfqfpn stands for thermally enhanced very thin profile fine pitch quad flat package no lead. very thin profile: 0.80 < a < 1.00 mm. details of terminal 1 are optional but must be located on the top surface of the package by using either a mold or marked features. table 10. vfqfpn 5 x 5 x 1.0, 32 lead, pitch 0.50 dim. databook (mm) min typ max a 0.80 0.85 0.95 b 0.18 0.25 0.30 b1 0.165 0.175 0.185 d 4.85 5.00 5.15 d2 3.00 3.10 3.20 d3 1.10 1.20 1.30 e 4.85 5.00 5.15 e2 4.20 4.30 4.40 e3 0.60 0.70 0.80 e0.50 l 0.30 0.40 0.50 ddd 0.08
package mechanical data L6229Q 26/28 doc id 15209 rev 3 figure 25. package dimensions
L6229Q revision history doc id 15209 rev 3 27/28 8 revision history table 11. document revision history date revision changes 25-nov-2008 1 first release 26-feb-2009 2 updated table 4 on page 5 30-aug-2010 3 updated table 1 on page 1
L6229Q 28/28 doc id 15209 rev 3 please read carefully: information in this document is provided solely in connection with st products. stmicroelectronics nv and its subsidiaries (?st ?) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described he rein at any time, without notice. all st products are sold pursuant to st?s terms and conditions of sale. purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the st products and services described herein, and st as sumes no liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the st products and services described herein. no license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted under this document. i f any part of this document refers to any third party products or services it shall not be deemed a license grant by st for the use of such third party products or services, or any intellectual property contained therein or considered as a warranty covering the use in any manner whatsoev er of such third party products or services or any intellectual property contained therein. unless otherwise set forth in st?s terms and conditions of sale st disclaims any express or implied warranty with respect to the use and/or sale of st products including without limitation implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a parti cular purpose (and their equivalents under the laws of any jurisdiction), or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. unless expressly approved in writing by an authorized st representative, st products are not recommended, authorized or warranted for use in milita ry, air craft, space, life saving, or life sustaining applications, nor in products or systems where failure or malfunction may result in personal injury, death, or severe property or environmental damage. st products which are not specified as "automotive grade" may only be used in automotive applications at user?s own risk. resale of st products with provisions different from the statements and/or technical features set forth in this document shall immediately void any warranty granted by st for the st product or service described herein and shall not create or extend in any manner whatsoev er, any liability of st. st and the st logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of st in various countries. information in this document supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. the st logo is a registered trademark of stmicroelectronics. all other names are the property of their respective owners. ? 2010 stmicroelectronics - all rights reserved stmicroelectronics group of companies australia - belgium - brazil - canada - china - czech republic - finland - france - germany - hong kong - india - israel - ital y - japan - malaysia - malta - morocco - philippines - singapore - spain - sweden - switzerland - united kingdom - united states of america www.st.com

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