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19-0747; Rev 1; 11/07
80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN
General Description
The MAX13041 80V fault-protected, high-speed controller area network (CAN) transceiver is ideal for highspeed automotive network applications where high reliability and advanced power management are required. The device links a CAN protocol controller to the physical bus wires of the controller area network and allows communication at speeds up to 1Mbps. The extended fault-protected voltage range of 80V on CAN bus lines allows for use in +12V or +42V automotive, and higher voltage +24V and +36V mid-heavy truck applications. Advanced power management features make the MAX13041 ideal for automotive electronic control unit (ECU) modules that are permanently supplied by battery, regardless of the ignition switch position (clamp30, Type-A modules). The device controls one or more external voltage regulators to provide a low-power sleep mode for an entire clamp-30 node. Wake-on CAN capability allows the MAX13041 to restore power to the node upon detection of CAN bus activity. The MAX13041 is functionally compatible with the Philips TJA1041A and is a pin-to-pin replacement with improved performance. The MAX13041 is available in a 14-pin SO package, and operates over the -40C to +125C automotive temperature range.
Features
Functionally Compatible Pin-to-Pin Replacement for the Philips TJA1041A 12kV HBM ESD Protection on CANH, CANL 80V Fault Protection on CANH, CANL, SPLIT; Up to +76V Operation on VBAT Fully Compatible with the ISO11898 Standard Low VBAT Supply Current in Standby and Sleep Modes (18A Typical) Voltage Level Translation for Interfacing with +2.8V to +5.5V CAN Protocol Controllers Recessive Bus Stabilization (SPLIT) Allows Implementation of Large Networks
MAX13041
Ordering Information
PART MAX13041ASD+ TEMP RANGE -40C to +125C PINPACKAGE 14 SOIC PKG CODE S14M-7
Applications
+12V Automotive--Clamp 30 Modules +42V Automotive--Clamp 30 Modules +24V Mid-Heavy Truck--Clamp 30 Modules Military and Commercial Aircraft
+Denotes a lead-free package.
Typical Operating Circuit
+5V BAT +3.3V
VI/O
VCC
VBAT 33k WAKE
10k
INH
CANH
MAX13041
+3.3V CAN PROTOCOL CONTROLLER TXD RXD SPLIT EN STB ERR CSPLIT 60 GND CANL 60
Pin Configuration appears at end of data sheet.
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com.
80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN MAX13041
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(All voltages referenced to GND.) VCC, VI/O...................................................................-0.3V to +6V VBAT........................................................................-0.3V to +80V TXD, RXD, STB, EN, ERR .........................................-0.3V to +6V INH, WAKE................................................-0.3V to (VBAT + 0.3V) CANH, CANL, SPLIT ................................0V to 80V continuous Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) 14-Pin SO (derate 8.3mW/C above +70C).................667mW Operating Temperature Range .........................-40C to +125C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65C to +150C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300C
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = +4.75V to +5.25V, VI/O = +2.8V to VCC, VBAT = +5V to +76V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, RL = 60, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = +5V, VI/O = +3.3V, VBAT = +12V and TA = +25C.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER VCC Input Voltage VI/O Input Voltage VBAT Input Voltage VCC Undervoltage Detection Level for Forced Sleep Mode VI/O Undervoltage Detection Level for Forced Sleep Mode VBAT Voltage Level for Failsafe Fallback Mode VBAT Voltage Level for Setting PWON Flag SYMBOL VCC VI/O VBAT VCC(SLEEP) VI/O(SLEEP) VBAT(STBY) VCC = +5V (fail-safe) CONDITIONS Operating range Operating range Operating range MIN 4.75 2.80 5 2.75 0.5 2.75 2.5 3.3 1.5 3.3 3.3 55 6 1.8 230 1 0.7 TYP MAX 5.25 5.25 76 4.50 2.0 4.50 4.1 80 10 8 700 5 3 A mA A UNITS V V V V V V V
VBAT(PWON) VCC = 0V Normal mode, VTXD = 0V (dominant)
VCC Input Current
ICC
Normal or PWON/listen-only mode, VTXD = VI/O (recessive) Standby or sleep mode Normal mode, VTXD = 0V (dominant) Normal or PWON/listen-only mode, VTXD = VI/O (recessive) Standby or sleep mode, VTXD = VI/O
VI/O Input Current
II/O
2
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80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VCC = +4.75V to +5.25V, VI/O = +2.8V to VCC, VBAT = +5V to +76V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, RL = 60, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = +5V, VI/O = +3.3V, VBAT = +12V and TA = +25C.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS Normal or PWON/listen-only mode, VBAT = +5V to +76V VBAT Input Current IBAT Standby mode, VINH = VWAKE = VBAT = +12V Sleep mode, VINH = VCC = VI/O = 0V, VWAKE = VBAT = +12V TRANSMITTER DATA INPUT (TXD) High-Level Input Voltage Low-Level Input Voltage High-Level Input Current Low-Level Input Current Input Capacitance RECEIVER DATA OUTPUT (RXD) High-Level Output Current Low-Level Output Current IOH IOL VRXD = VI/O - 0.4V, VI/O = VCC VRXD = +0.4V, VTXD = VI/O, bus dominant -1 2 0.7 x VI/O -3 5 -6 12 VI/O + 0.3 0.3 VI/O VSTB = VEN = 0.7 VI/O VSTB = VEN = 0V VERR = VI/O - 0.4V, VI/O = VCC VERR = +0.4V VWAKE = VBAT - 1.9V VWAKE = VBAT - 3.2V VSTB = 0V 1 -1 -4 0.10 -1 1 VBAT - 3.2 0.05 4 0 -20 0.2 -5 5 VBAT - 2.5 0.2 0 10 +1 -50 0.35 -10 10 VBAT - 1.9 0.80 5 mA mA VIH VIL IIH IIL CI VTXD = VI/O VTXD = 0.3 VI/O -5 -70 0 -250 5 0.7 x VI/O VI/O + 0.3 0.3 VI/O +5 -500 V V A A pF MIN TYP 20 18 18 MAX 40 28 28 A UNITS
MAX13041
STANDBY AND ENABLE CONTROL INPUTS (STB AND EN) High-Level Input Voltage Low-Level Input Voltage High-Level Input Current Low-Level Input Current High-Level Output Current Low-Level Output Current LOCAL WAKE-UP INPUT (WAKE) High-Level Input Current Low-Level Input Current Threshold Voltage INHIBIT OUTPUT (INH) High-Level Voltage Drop Leakage Current VH | IL | IINH = -0.18mA Sleep mode V A IIH IIL VTH A A V VIH VIL IIH IIL IOH IOL V V A A A mA
ERROR AND POWER-ON INDICATION OUTPUT (ERR)
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3
80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN MAX13041
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VCC = +4.75V to +5.25V, VI/O = +2.8V to VCC, VBAT = +5V to +76V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, RL = 60, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = +5V, VI/O = +3.3V, VBAT = +12V and TA = +25C.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER BUS LINES (CANH AND CANL) Dominant Output Voltage Differential Bus Output Voltage (VCANH - VCANL) Recessive Output Voltage VO(DOM) VO(DIF)(BUS) VTXD = 0V CANH CANL 3.00 0.50 1.50 -50 2 -0.1 -45 45 2.4 0 66 70 3.7 1.3 4.25 1.75 3.0 +50 3 +0.1 -95 100 mA V V mV V V SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
VTXD = 0V, 45 < RL < 65 VTXD = VI/O, no load Normal or PWON/listen-only mode; VTXD = VI/O, no load Standby or sleep mode, no load CANH, VCANH = -5V
VO(RECES)
Short-Circuit Current
IO(SC)
VTXD = 0V
CANL, VCANL = +40V (Note 3)
Detectable Short-Circuit Resistance Among Bus Lines VBAT, VCC, and GND Recessive Output Current Differential Receiver Threshold Voltage
RSC(BUS) IO(RECES)
Normal mode -40V < VCANH, VCANL < +40V -12V < VCANH, VCANL < +12V, normal or PWON/listen-only mode
0 -3.1 0.5 0.50 0.7 0.76 60 200 15 -3 25 25 0 50 20 10 12 0.3 VCC 0.5 VCC 0
50 +3.1 0.9 1.15
mA V V mV
VDIF(TH)
-12V < VCANH, VCANL < +12V, standby or sleep mode Normal or PWON/listen-only mode -12V < VCANH; VCANL < +12V VCC = 0V; VCANH = VCANL = +5V Standby or normal mode (Note 4) VCANH = VCANL Standby or normal mode VTXD = VCC VTXD = VCC Human Body Model (HBM) Normal or PWON/listen-only mode -500A < ISPLIT < +500A Standby or sleep mode -40V < VSPLIT < +40V
Differential Receiver Hysteresis Voltage Input Leakage Current Common-Mode Input Resistance Common-Mode Input Resistance Matching Differential Input Resistance Common-Mode Input Capacitance Differential Input Capacitance ESD Protection
VHYS(DIF) ILI RI(CM) RI(CM)(M) RI(DIF) CI(CM) CI(DIF)
280 35 +3 75
A k % k pF pF kV
COMMON-MODE STABILIZATION (SPLIT) Output Voltage Leakage Current THERMAL PROTECTION Thermal Shutdown Threshold Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis TJ(SD) TJ(SD)HYST 165 10 C C VO | IL | 0.7 VCC 5 V A
4
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80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = +4.75V to +5.25V, VI/O = +2.8V to VCC, VBAT = +5V to +76V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, RL = 60, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = +5V, VI/O = +3.3V, VBAT = +12V and TA = +25C.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER Delay TXD to Bus Active Delay TXD to Bus Inactive Delay Bus Active to RXD Delay Bus Inactive to RXD Undervoltage Detection Time on VCC and VI/O TXD Dominant Timeout Bus Dominant Timeout Minimum Hold Time of Go-to-Sleep Command Dominant Time for Wake-Up Through Bus Minimum Wake-Up Time After Receiving a Falling or Rising Edge on WAKE SYMBOL tD(TXD-BUSON) tD(TXD-BUSOFF) tD(BUSON-RXD) tD(BUSOFF-RXD) tUV(VCC), tUV(VI/O) tDOM(TXD) tDOM(BUS) tH(MIN) CONDITIONS Normal mode (Figures 1 and 2) Normal mode (Figures 1 and 2) Normal or PWON/listen-only mode (Figures 1 and 2) Normal or PWON/listen-only mode (Figures 1 and 2) VBAT = +12V VTXD = 0V VO(DIF)BUS > 0.9V VBAT = +12V Standby or sleep mode, VBAT = +12V, CANL = 0V, CANH pulse 0V to +2V (Note 5) Standby or sleep mode; VBAT = +12V 5.0 300 300 17 MIN TYP 46 60 59 60 8.4 610 620 34 MAX 100 100 115 160 12.5 1000 1000 56 UNITS ns ns ns ns ms s s s
MAX13041
tBUSDOM
0.9
2
5.0
s
tWAKE
5
25
50
s
Note 1: Positive current flows into the device. Note 2: Limits over the operating temperature range are tested at worst-case supply voltage and compliant over the complete voltage range. Note 3: Current measured at +20V and guaranteed by design up to +40V. Note 4: Common-mode voltage range 40V. Note 5: A remote wake-on CAN request is generated upon the detection of two dominant bus cycles, each followed by a recessive bus cycle.
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5
80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN MAX13041
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VCC = +5V, VI/O = +3.3V. VBAT = +12V, RL = 60, CSPLIT = 4700pF, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
IBAT SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX13041 toc01
ICC SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX13041 toc02
ICC SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
9 8 7 ICC (mA) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PWON/LISTEN-ONLY MODE
MAX13041 toc03
25 SLEEP MODE 20
50 45 40 35 NORMAL MODE fTXD = 1Mbps
10
IBAT (A)
ICC (mA) -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TEMPERATURE (C)
15
30 25 20 15
10
5
10 5
0
0 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TEMPERATURE (C)
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TEMPERATURE (C)
ICC SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TXD FREQUENCY
MAX13041 toc04
II/O SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
NORMAL MODE fTXD = 1Mbps
MAX13041 toc05
50 45 40 35 ICC (mA) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 100 200 300 400 TXD FREQUENCY (kHz) NORMAL MODE
300 250 II/O SUPPLY CURRENT (A) 200 150 100 50 0
500
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TEMPERATURE (C)
II/O SUPPLY CURRENT vs. VI/O
MAX13041 toc06
II/O SUPPLY CURRENT vs. VI/O
1.8 1.6 1.4 II/O (A) 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 SLEEP MODE
MAX13041 toc07
300 250 200 II/O (5A) 150 100 50 0 2.8 3.3 3.8 4.3 VI/O (V) 4.8 NORMAL MODE fTXD = 1Mbps
2.0
0 5.3 2.8 3.3 3.8 4.3 VI/O (V) 4.8 5.3
6
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80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = +5V, VI/O = +3.3V. VBAT = +12V, RL = 60, CSPLIT = 4700pF, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD RESISTANCE
MAX13041 toc08
MAX13041
RXD OUTPUT VOLTAGE LOW vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
3.0 2.7 OUTPUT VOLTAGE LOW (V) 2.4 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0 TA = +25C 0 5 10 15 20 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 25 TA = -40C TA = +125C
MAX13041 toc09
3.6 NORMAL MODE DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 0 200 400 600 800 LOAD RESISTANCE ()
3.3
1000
RXD OUTPUT VOLTAGE HIGH vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
MAX13041 toc10
ERR OUTPUT VOLTAGE LOW vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
3.0 2.7 OUTPUT VOLTAGE LOW (V) 2.4 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0 TA = +25C TA = -40C TA = +125C
MAX13041 toc11
3.3 3.0 2.7 OUTPUT VOLTAGE HIGH (V) 2.4 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0 0 2 4 6 8 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 10 TA = +125C TA = -40C TA = +25C
3.3
12
0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
ERR OUTPUT VOLTAGE HIGH vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
MAX13041 toc12
INH VOLTAGE vs. SOURCE CURRENT
MAX13014 toc13
3.3 3.0 2.7 OUTPUT VOLTAGE HIGH (V) 2.4 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0 0 50 100 150 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) TA = +125C TA = -40C TA = +25C
12 10 TA = -40C INH VOLTAGE (V) 8 6 4 2 0 TA = +125C TA = +25C
200
0
2
4 6 8 SOURCE CURRENT (mA)
10
12
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80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN MAX13041
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = +5V, VI/O = +3.3V. VBAT = +12V, RL = 60, CSPLIT = 4700pF, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
INH VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE
11.8 11.6 INH VOLTAGE (V) 11.4 11.2 11.0 10.8 10.6 10.4 10.2 10.0 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TEMPERATURE (C) IINH = 1mA
MAX13041 toc14
CAN-RXD PROPAGATION DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE
90 CAN-RXD PROP DELAY (ns) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TEMPERATURE (C)
MAX13041 toc15
12.0
100
TXD-CAN PROPAGATION DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX13041 toc16
TXD-CAN PROPAGATION DELAY
MAX13041 toc17
100 90 TXD-CAN PROP DELAY (ns) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
CSPLIT = 47F TXD 2V/div
CANH 1V/div CANL 1V/div
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TEMPERATURE (C)
200ns/div
CAN-RXD PROPAGATION DELAY
MAX13041 toc18
SPLIT LEAKAGE vs. TEMPERATURE
1.8 RXD 2V/div 1.6 SPLIT LEAKAGE (A) 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TEMPERATURE (C) VSPLIT = +12V
MAX13041 toc19
2.0
CSPLIT = 47F
CANH 1V/div CANL 1V/div
200ns/div
8
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80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN
Pin Description
PIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 NAME TXD GND VCC RXD VI/O EN INH ERR WAKE VBAT SPLIT CANL CANH STB Ground Supply Voltage +4.75V to +5.25V. Bypass VCC to ground with a 0.1F ceramic capacitor as close as possible to the device. Data Receive Output, CMOS Compatible Supply Voltage for I/O Level Translation, +2.8V < VI/O < VCC (see the Level Shifting section). Bypass VI/O to ground with a 0.1F ceramic capacitor as close as possible to the device. Enable Input. Control the operating mode by driving EN logic-high or logic-low (see Table 1 and Figure 4.) Inhibit Output. INH controls one or more external voltage regulators. Error Output, Active Low. ERR indicates errors and displays status of internal flags. Local Wake-Up Input. Present a voltage transition on WAKE to generate a local wake-up event. Battery Voltage Input. Bypass VBAT to ground with a 0.1F ceramic capacitor as close as possible to the device. Split Termination Voltage Output. Connect SPLIT to the center node of two 60 termination resistors to provide common-mode voltage stabilization (see Figure 3). SPLIT outputs a voltage of VCC/2. Low-Level CAN Differential Bus Line High-Level CAN Differential Bus Line Standby Input, Active Low. Drive STB logic-high or logic-low to control the operating mode (see Table 1 and Figure 4.) DESCRIPTION Data Transmit Input, CMOS Compatible. TXD is internally pulled up to VI/O.
MAX13041
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9
80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN MAX13041
Timing Diagrams
TXD
CANH CANL DOMINANT 0.9V VI(DIF)(BUS) 0.5V RECESSIVE HIGH 0.7 VI/O LOW tD(TXD-BUSOFF) tD(BUSOFF - RXD)
RXD tD(TXD-BUSON)
0.3 VI/O tD(BUSON - RXD)
VI(DIF)(BUS) = VCANH - VCANL
Figure 1. Timing Diagram
+12V 47F +5V + 100nF + 10F
VI/O
VCC VBAT CANH
TXD EN CANL SPLIT ERR WAKE GND INH RXD
60
100pF
MAX13041
STB
15pF
Figure 2. Test Circuit for Timing Characteristics
10
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80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN
Detailed Description
The MAX13041 80V fault-protected, high-speed CAN transceiver is intended for high-speed industrial and automotive network applications where high reliability and advanced power management are required. The device links a CAN protocol controller to the physical bus wires of the controller area network (CAN) and allows communication at speeds up to 1Mbps. Built-in level shifting allows for direct connection to protocol controllers operating from lower voltages. The extended fault-protected voltage range of 80V on CAN bus lines allows for use in +12V or +42V automotive, and higher voltage +24V and +36V heavy-duty truck applications. Advanced power management features make the MAX13041 ideal for automotive electronic control unit (ECU) modules that are permanently supplied by battery, regardless of the ignition switch position (clamp30, type-A modules). The device controls one or more external voltage regulators to provide a low-power sleep mode for an entire clamp-30 node. Wake-on CAN capability allows the MAX13041 to restore power to the node upon detection of CAN bus activity. The MAX13041 is functionally compatible with the Philips TJA1041A and is a pin-to-pin replacement with improved performance.
Level Shifting
The MAX13041 provides level shifting on TXD, RXD, EN, STB, WAKE and ERR for compatibility with lowervoltage protocol controllers. Set the interface logic levels for TXD, RXD, EN, STB, WAKE, and ERR by connecting VI/O to the supply voltage of a CAN protocol controller, or another voltage from +2.8V to +5.25V.
MAX13041
Split-Termination and Common-Mode Voltage Stabilization
The CAN bus specification requires a total bus load resistance of 60. Each end of the bus should be terminated with 120, the characteristic impedance of the bus line. Electromagnetic emission (EME) is reduced by a split-termination method, whereby each end of the bus line is terminated by 120 split into two 60 resistors in series (see Figure 3). A bypass capacitor shunts noise to ground from the node connecting the 60 resistors. When the CAN bus is recessive, the common-mode voltage is pulled low by the leakage current from inactive modules. When the CAN bus subsequently goes dominant, the proper common-mode voltage is restored by the transmitting device. A common-mode voltage step results, generating excessive EME. To mitigate this problem, the common-mode voltage of the bus is forced to VCC/2 by biasing the split-termination node (see Figure 3). During normal and PWON/listenonly modes, a stabilized DC voltage of VCC/2 is present on SPLIT. Connect SPLIT to the node connecting the two 60 termination resistors to stabilize the commonmode voltage of the bus and prevent EME from common-mode voltage steps.
CAN Interface
The ISO11898 specification describes the physical layer of a controller area network (CAN). A CAN implementation is comprised of multiple transceiver modules linked by a pair of bus wires. Communication between modules occurs through transmission and reception of differential logic states on the bus lines. Two complimentary logic states are defined by ISO11898. A dominant state results when the differential voltage on the CAN bus lines is greater than 0.9V. A recessive bus state results when the differential voltage is less than 0.5V (Figure 1). The CAN bus exhibits a wired-AND characteristic, meaning the bus is only recessive when all connected transmitters are recessive. Any transmitter asserting a dominant logic state forces the entire CAN bus dominant. The MAX13041 accepts logic-level data from the CAN protocol controller on TXD. Drive TXD low to assert a dominant state on the CAN bus. Drive TXD high to release the CAN bus to a recessive state. TXD is internally pulled up to VI/O. The state of the CAN bus is presented to the protocol controller as a logic level on RXD. The MAX13041 receiver remains active during transmission to allow for the bit-wise arbitration scheme specified by the CAN protocol.
Power-Management Operating Modes
The MAX13041 provides advanced power management for a clamp-30 node by controlling one or more external voltage regulators. Five operating modes provide different functionality to minimize power consumption.
CANH RT 60 SPLIT CSPLIT RT 60 CANL
Figure 3. Biased Split Termination
______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN MAX13041
In the lowest-power mode, the MAX13041 disables external voltage regulators to provide a sleep mode for the entire node. The MAX13041 restores power to the node upon a logic transition on WAKE or detection of CAN bus activity. The operating mode is determined by an internal state machine controlled by EN and STB, as well as several internal flags (see Table 1 and Figure 4).
Normal Mode The MAX13041 provides full bidirectional CAN communication in normal mode. Drive TXD to transmit data on the differential CAN bus lines CANH and CANL. The CAN bus state is presented on RXD, a level-shifted logic output. SPLIT is biased to VCC/2 to allow CAN bus common-mode stabilization. INH is logic-high, enabling one or more external voltage regulators (see Table 1). PWON/Listen-Only Mode In PWON/listen-only mode, the CAN transmitter is disabled. The CAN receiver remains active and the CAN bus state is presented on RXD, a level-shifted logic output. As in normal mode, SPLIT is biased to VCC/2 to allow CAN bus common-mode stabilization. INH is logic-high, enabling one or more external voltage regulators (see Table 1).
Standby Mode Standby mode is the first low-power operating mode. The CAN transmitter and receiver are disabled, and a low-power receiver is enabled to monitor the CAN bus for activity. To reduce power consumption, commonmode stabilization is disabled. SPLIT becomes high impedance, and CANH and CANL are biased to ground by the termination resistors. INH remains logichigh, enabling one or more external voltage regulators (see Table 1). Go-to-Sleep Command Mode Go-to-sleep command mode is part of the controlled sequence for entering sleep mode. The MAX13041 remains in go-to-sleep command mode for a hold time of 56s (max), and subsequently enters sleep mode if no wake events are detected. During the hold time, if the state of EN or STB changes, or if the UVBAT, PWON, or wake-up flags are set, the go-to-sleep sequence is aborted. During go-to-sleep command mode, functionality is the same as in standby mode. Sleep Mode Sleep mode is the lowest-power operating mode. The CAN transmitter and receiver are disabled, and a lowpower receiver is enabled to monitor the CAN bus for
Table 1. Operating Modes
CONTROL PINS STB X EN X UVNOM SET CLEAR INTERNAL FLAGS UVBAT X SET PWON, WAKE-UP X EITHER FLAG SET BOTH FLAGS CLEAR EITHER FLAG SET L L CLEAR CLEAR BOTH FLAGS CLEAR EITHER FLAG SET L H CLEAR CLEAR BOTH FLAGS CLEAR X X STANDBY STANDBY FROM ANY OTHER MODE STANDBY NO CHANGE FROM SLEEP MODE STANDBY FROM ANY OTHER MODE STANDBY NO CHANGE FROM SLEEP MODE GO-TO-SLEEP COMMAND MODE FROM ANY OTHER MODE (Note 7) PWON/LISTEN-ONLY NORMAL (Note 9) OPERATING MODE SLEEP (Notes 6, 7) INH FLOATING H H H FLOATING H H FLOATING H H H
H H
L H
CLEAR CLEAR
CLEAR CLEAR
Note 6: Setting the PWON or wake-up flags clears UVNOM flag. Note 7: The MAX13041 enters sleep mode from any other mode when UVNOM is set. INH becomes high impedance. Note 8: When go-to-sleep command mode is selected for longer than tH(MIN), the MAX13041 enters sleep mode. INH becomes high impedance. Note 9: PWON and wake-up flags are cleared upon entering normal mode.
12
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80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN MAX13041
STB = H AND EN = H PWON/LISTEN-ONLY MODE STB = H AND EN = L NORMAL MODE
STB = H AND EN = H STB = H AND EN = L STB = L AND (EN = L OR FLAG SET) STB = L AND EN = L STB = L AND EN = H AND FLAGS CLEARED STB = H AND EN = L STB = H AND EN = H
STB = L AND EN = H AND FLAGS CLEARED
STB = L AND EN = H
STANDBY MODE
GO-TO-SLEEP COMMAND MODE
STB = L AND (EN = L OR FLAG SET) STB = L AND FLAG SET FLAGS CLEARED AND t > tH(MIN) STB = H AND EN = H AND UVNOM CLEARED
STB = H AND EN = L AND UVNOM CLEARED
SLEEP MODE
NOTES: H AND L ARE FLAG SET = FLAGS CLEARED
LOGIC STATE OF EN OR STB SETTING PWON AND/OR WAKE-UP FLAG. PWON AND WAKE-UP FLAG BOTH CLEARED.
Figure 4. State Diagram
activity. To reduce power consumption, common-mode stabilization is disabled. SPLIT becomes high impedance, and CANH and CANL are biased to ground by the termination resistors. INH goes high impedance, disabling one or more external voltage regulators (see Table 1.)
Flag Signaling
The MAX13041 uses a set of seven internal flags for system diagnosis and to indicate faults. Five of the flags are available at different times to the CAN protocol controller on ERR. A logic-low on ERR indicates a set flag or a fault (see Table 3.) Allow ERR to stabilize for at least 8s after changing operating modes.
remains in sleep mode for a minimum waiting time before allowing the UVNOM flag to be cleared. This waiting time is determined by the same timer used for setting UVNOM (tUV(VCC) or tUV(VIO).) UVNOM is cleared by a local wake-up request triggered by a level change on WAKE or by a wake-on-CAN event. UVNOM is also cleared by setting the PWON flag.
Supply Undervoltage: UVNOM UVNOM is set when supply voltage on VCC drops below VCC(SLEEP) for longer than tUV(Vcc), or when voltage on VI/O drops below VI/O(SLEEP) for longer than tUV(VI/O). When UVNOM is set, the MAX13041 enters low-power sleep mode to reduce power consumption. The device
VBAT Undervoltage: UVBAT UVBAT is set when the voltage on VBAT drops below VBAT(STB). When UVBAT is set, the MAX13041 enters standby mode to reduce power consumption. UVBAT is cleared when the voltage on V BAT is restored and exceeds V BAT(STB) . Upon clearing UV BAT , the MAX13041 returns to the operating mode determined by EN and STB. Power-On Flag: PWON PWON indicates the MAX13041 is in a power-on state. PWON is set when VBAT has dropped below VBAT(STB) and has subsequently recovered. This condition occurs
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80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN MAX13041
Table 2. Flag Signaling on ERR
INTERNAL FLAG UVNOM UVBAT PWON Wake-Up Wake-Up Source Bus Failure No No In PWON/listen-only mode (changing from standby, go-to-sleep command, or sleep modes) In standby, go-to-sleep command, and sleep modes (provided VI/O and VCC are present) In normal mode (before the fourth dominant to recessive edge on TXD, Note 10) In normal mode (after the fourth dominant to recessive edge on TXD, Note 10) In PWON/listen-only mode (coming from normal mode) FLAG AVAILABLE ON ERR CONDITIONS TO CLEAR FLAG Set PWON or wake-up flags Recovery of VBAT Entering normal mode Entering normal mode or setting PWON or UVNOM flag Leaving normal mode or setting PWON flag Re-entering normal mode Entering normal mode or whenever RXD is dominant while TXD is recessive (and all local failures are resolved)
Local Failure
Note 10: Allow for a dominant time of at least 4s per dominant-recessive cycle.
DOMINANT CANH CANL RECESSIVE
DOMINANT RECESSIVE
tBUSDOM
tBUSDOM
tBUSDOM
tBUSDOM
Figure 5. Wake-On-CAN Timing
when battery voltage is first applied to VBAT. When the PWON flag is set, UVNOM is cleared and sleep mode is disabled. The primary function of the PWON flag is to prevent the MAX13041 from entering sleep mode (and thereby disabling external voltage regulators) before the protocol controller establishes control through EN and STB. The PWON flag is externally indicated as a logic-low on ERR when the MAX13041 is placed into PWON/listenonly mode from standby mode, go-to-sleep command mode, or sleep mode. The PWON flag is cleared when the MAX13041 enters normal mode.
cycle (see Figure 5.) Each bus cycle must exceed tBUS(DOM). The wake-up flag can only be set in standby mode, go-to-sleep command mode, or sleep mode. Setting the wake-up flag resets UVNOM, and wake-up requests are not detected during the UVNOM flag waiting time immediately after UVNOM has been set. The wake-up flag is immediately available as a logic-low on ERR and RXD, provided that VI/O and VCC are both present. The wake-up flag is cleared when the MAX13041 enters normal mode.
Wake-Up Flag The wake-up flag is set when a local or remote wake-up request is detected. A local wake-up request is generated when the logic level on WAKE changes and remains stable for t WAKE . A remote wake-on CAN request is generated upon the detection of two dominant bus cycles, each followed by a recessive bus
14
Wake-Up Source Flag The wake-up source flag is set concurrently with the wake-up source flag when a local wake-up event is detected. The wake-up source flag can only be set after the PWON flag has been cleared. The flag is cleared when the MAX13041 leaves normal mode and during initial power-on. The wake-up source flag is externally indicated on ERR when the MAX13041 is in
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80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN
normal mode, prior to the fourth dominant-to-recessive transition on TXD. A low level on ERR indicates a local wake-up has occurred. prevent damage to the device or interference with CAN bus communication. The MAX13041 detects five different local faults. When any local fault is detected, the local failure flag is set. Additionally, for faults other than bus dominant clamping, the transmitter is disabled to prevent possible damage to the device. The transmitter remains disabled until the local failure flag is cleared.
MAX13041
Bus Failure Flag The bus failure flag is set when the MAX13041 detects a CAN bus short-circuit to VBAT, VCC, or GND for four consecutive dominant-recessive cycles on TXD. The flag is cleared when the MAX13041 leaves normal mode. The bus failure flag is externally indicated as a logic low on ERR in normal mode, after the fourth dominant-to-recessive transition on TXD. Local Failure Flag The local failure flag indicates five separate local failure conditions (see Fault Protection & Fail-Safes section). When one or more local failure conditions have occurred, the local failure flag is set. The flag is cleared when the MAX13041 enters normal mode or when RXD goes logic-low while TXD is logic-high. The local failure flag is externally indicated as a logic-low on ERR when the MAX13041 is placed into PWON/listen-only mode from normal mode.
TXD Dominant Clamping An extended logic-low level on TXD due to hardware or software failure would ordinarily clamp the CAN bus to a dominant state, blocking communication on the entire bus. This condition is prevented by the TXD dominant time-out feature. If TXD is held low for longer than tDOM(TXD), the local failure flag is set and the transmitter is disabled until the local failure flag is cleared. The TXD time-out value limits the minimum allowable bit rate to 40kbps. RXD Recessive Clamping If a hardware failure clamps RXD to a logic-high level, the protocol controller assumes the CAN bus is in a recessive state at all times. This has the undesirable effect that the protocol controller assumes the bus is clear and may initiate messages that would interfere with ordinary communication. This local failure is detected by checking the state of RXD when the CAN bus is in a dominant state. If RXD does not reflect the state of the CAN bus, the local failure flag is set and the transmitter is disabled until the local failure flag is cleared. TXD-to-RXD Short-Circuit Detection A short-circuit between TXD and RXD forces the bus into a permanent dominant state upon the first transmission of a dominant bit because normally the low-side driver of RXD is stronger than the microcontroller highside driver of TXD. The MAX13041 detects this condition and prevents the resulting bus failure by setting the local failure flag and disabling the transmitter. The transmitter remains disabled until the local failure flag is cleared. Bus Dominant Clamping A short-circuit fault from the CAN bus to VBAT, VCC, or GND could produce a differential voltage between CANH and CANL greater than the receiver threshold, resulting in a dominant bus state. If the bus state is clamped dominant for longer than tDOM(BUS), the local failure flag is set. The transmitter is not disabled by this fault and the local failure flag is cleared as soon as the bus state becomes recessive.
Wake-On CAN
The MAX13041 provides wake-on-CAN capability from sleep mode. When the MAX13041 detects two dominant bus states, each followed by a recessive state (Figure 5), the MAX13041 sets the wake-up flag and enters an operating mode determined by the state of EN and STB. Each CAN logic state must be at least 5s in duration. This wake-up detection criterion serves to prevent unintentional wake-up events due to bus faults such as VBAT to CANH or an open circuit on CANL. At higher data rates (>125kbit/s), wake-up can not be guaranteed for a single, arbitrary CAN data frame. Two or more consecutive arbitrary CAN data frames may be required to ensure a successful wake-on-CAN event.
External-Voltage Regulator Control
MAX13041 controls one or more external voltage regulators through INH, a VBAT-referenced, open-drain output. When INH is logic-high, any external voltage regulators are active and power is supplied to the node. When INH is high-impedance, the typical pulldown characteristic of the voltage-regulator inhibit input pulls INH to a logic-low and disables the external voltage regulator(s).
Fault Protection & Fail-Safes
The MAX13041 features 80V tolerance on CAN bus lines CANH, CANL, and SPLIT. Up to +76V operation is possible on VBAT, allowing for use in +42V automotive applications. Additionally, the device detects local and remote bus failures and features fail-safe modes to
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15
80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN MAX13041
Thermal Shutdown Fault The local failure flag is set when the junction temperature (TJ) exceeds the shutdown junction temperature threshold, TJ(SD). The transmitter is disabled to prevent excessive current dissipation from damaging the device. The transmitter remains disabled until TJ drops TJ(SD)HYST degrees, and the local failure flag is cleared.
Applications Information
Clamp-30, Type-A CAN Modules
The MAX13041 is primarily intended for automotive ECU applications where battery power is permanently supplied to the node (see Figure 8.) This type of application is referred to as a clamp-30 node. ECU modules, which are supplied by the battery only when the ignition switch is closed, are referred to as clamp-15 modules. Because clamp-30 modules are permanently supplied by battery voltage, low power consumption is an essential design requirement. The MAX13041 provides advanced power management to the entire node by controlling one or more external voltage regulators. While CAN transceivers, such as the MAX13041, operate from a supply voltage of +5V, many microprocessors are supplied by voltages of +3.3V and lower. By controlling the supply voltage regulator for the microprocessor, the MAX13041 can force a low-power sleep mode for the entire node.
Recovering from Local Faults
The local failure flag is cleared and the transmitter is reenabled whenever RXD is dominant while TXD is recessive. This situation occurs normally when the MAX13041 is receiving CAN bus data in the absence of a bus failure. In PWON/listen-only mode, ERR changes to a logic-high to reflect the change in the local failure flag. If there is no activity on the CAN bus, the local failure flag can also be cleared by switching to normal mode from another operating mode. A typical method involves switching to PWON/listen-only mode and reading the local failure flag on ERR. Subsequently, switch back to normal mode to clear the flag. This sequence is then repeated to verify that the failure has been resolved.
EMC Considerations
In multidrop CAN applications, it is important to maintain a direct point-to-point wiring scheme. A single pair of wires should connect each transceiver on the CAN bus, and the bus wires should be properly split-terminated with two 60 resistors at each end as described in Figure 3 . For best EMC performance, do not use a star topology. Any deviation from the point-to-point wiring scheme results in a stub. High-speed edges of the CAN signal reflect from the unterminated stub ends, interfering with communication on the bus. To minimize the effect of these reflections, care should be taken to minimize the length of stubs.
ESD Protection
As with all Maxim devices, ESD-protection structures are incorporated on all pins to protect against electrostatic discharges encountered during handling and assembly. The CANH and CANL lines are further protected by advanced ESD structures to guard these pins from damage caused by ESD of up to 12kV as measured by the Human Body Model (HBM). Protection structures prevent damage caused by ESD events in all operating modes, and when the device is unpowered.
ESD Models Several ESD testing standards exist for gauging the robustness of ESD structures. The ESD protection of the MAX13041 is characterized for the human body model (HBM). Figure 6 shows the model used to simulate an ESD event resulting from contact with the human body. The model consists of a 100pF storage capacitor that is charged to a high voltage, and subsequently discharged through a 1.5k resistor. Figure 7 shows the current waveform when the storage capacitor is discharged into a low impedance.
Power-Supply Decoupling
Bypass V CC , V BAT , and V I/O to ground with 0.1F ceramic capacitors. Place all capacitors as close as possible to the device.
ESD Test Conditions
ESD performance depends on a variety of conditions. Please contact Maxim for a reliability report documenting test setup, methodology, and results.
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80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN MAX13041
RC 1M CHARGE-CURRENTLIMIT RESISTOR HIGHVOLTAGE DC SOURCE RD 1.5k DISCHARGE RESISTANCE DEVICE UNDER TEST
IP 100% 90% AMPERES 36.8% 10% 0 0 tRL TIME
Ir
PEAK-TO-PEAK RINGING (NOT DRAWN TO SCALE)
Cs 100pF
STORAGE CAPACITOR
tDL CURRENT WAVEFORM
Figure 6. Human Body ESD Test Model
Figure 7. Human Body Model Current Waveform
VBAT
CLAMP 30 IGNITION SWITCH
CLAMP 15
MAX13041
MAX13041
MAX13041
CLAMP 15 CAN NODE
CLAMP 15 CAN NODE
Figure 8. Typical ECU Architecture with Clamp-30 and Clamp-15 Modules
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80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN MAX13041
Pin Configuration
PROCESS: BiCMOS
TOP VIEW
TXD 1 GND VCC 2 3
Chip Information
+
14 STB 13 CANH 12 CANL
RXD 4 VI/O 5 EN 6 INH 7
MAX13041
11 SPLIT 10 VBAT 9 8 WAKE ERR
SO
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80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN
Functional Diagram
VI/O VBAT VCC
MAX13041
INH
MAX13041
CANH
TXD RXD FLAG SIGNALING COMMONMODE STABILIZATION
CANL
SPLIT
ERR
LEVEL SHIFTING STB EN
OPERATING MODE CONTROL
WAKE
WAKE DETECT LOW POWER RECEIVER
GND
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80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN MAX13041
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
SOICN .EPS
INCHES DIM A A1 B C e E H L MAX MIN 0.069 0.053 0.010 0.004 0.014 0.019 0.007 0.010 0.050 BSC 0.150 0.157 0.228 0.244 0.016 0.050
MILLIMETERS MAX MIN 1.35 1.75 0.10 0.25 0.35 0.49 0.19 0.25 1.27 BSC 3.80 4.00 5.80 6.20 0.40 1.27
N
E
H
VARIATIONS:
1
INCHES
MILLIMETERS MIN 4.80 8.55 9.80 MAX 5.00 8.75 10.00 N MS012 8 AA 14 AB 16 AC
TOP VIEW
DIM D D D
MIN 0.189 0.337 0.386
MAX 0.197 0.344 0.394
D A e B A1 L C
0-8
FRONT VIEW
SIDE VIEW
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION TITLE:
PACKAGE OUTLINE, .150" SOIC
APPROVAL DOCUMENT CONTROL NO. REV.
21-0041
B
1 1
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80V Fault-Protected High-Speed CAN Transceiver with Low-Power Management and Wake-On CAN
Revision History
REVISION NUMBER 0 1 REVISION DATE 2/07 11/07 Initial release Notes changed in EC Table DESCRIPTION PAGES CHANGED -- 2-5,12
MAX13041
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 21
(c) 2007 Maxim Integrated Products is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
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