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TC1225 TC1226 TC1227 Inverting Dual (-VIN, -2VIN) Charge Pump Voltage Converters
FEATURES
s s s s s s Small 8-Pin MSOP Package Operates from 1.8V to 5.5V Up to 5mA Output Current at -VIN Pin Up to 1mA Output Current at -2VIN Pin -VIN and -2VIN Outputs Available Low Supply Current .......................................... 120A (MAX) for TC1225 .......................................... 360A (MAX) for TC1226 .......................................... 1.5mA (MAX) for TC1227
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The TC1225/1226/1227 are CMOS dual inverting charge pump voltage converters in 8-Pin MSOP packages. An onboard oscillator provides the clock, and only four external capacitors are required for full circuit implementation. Switching frequencies are 12kHz for the TC1225, 35kHz for the TC1226, and 125kHz for the TC1227. These devices provide both a negative voltage inversion (available at the -VIN output) and a negative doubling voltage inversion (available at the -2 VIN output), with a low output impedance capable of providing output currents up to 5mA for the -VIN output and 1mA for the -2VIN output. The input voltage can range from +1.8V to +5.5V.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
s s s s s LCD Panel Bias Cellular Phones PA Bias Pagers PDAs, Portable Data loggers Battery Powered Devices
ORDERING INFORMATION
Part No.
TC1225EUA TC1226EUA TC1227EUA
Package Osc Freq (kHz) Temp Range
8-Pin MSOP 8-Pin MSOP 8-Pin MSOP 12 35 125 -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C
TYPICAL OPERATING CIRCUIT
C1+ C1- C2+
+ C1
VIN -VIN
INPUT OUTPUT 1
PIN CONFIGURATION
8-Pin MSOP C1- C2+ C2- 1 2 3 4 TC1225 TC1226 TC1227 8 -VIN 7 C1+
+ C2
TC1225 TC1226 C2- TC1227
GND
- COUT1 +
6 VIN 5 GND
-2 VIN
- COUT2 +
OUTPUT 2
-2VIN
Notes:
1) C1 and COUT1 must have a voltage rating greater than or equal to VIN 2) C2 and COUT2 must have a voltage rating greater than or equal to 2VIN
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS21369A
TC1225/6/7-1
3/24/00
Inverting Dual (-VIN, -2VIN) Charge Pump Voltage Converters TC1225 TC1226 TC1227
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
Input Voltage (VIN to GND) ......................... +6.0V, - 0.3V Output Voltage (-VIN, -2VIN to GND) ........ -12.0V, + 0.3V Current at -VIN, -2VIN Pins ...................................... 10mA Short-Circuit Duration -VIN, -2VIN to GND ........ Indefinite Operating Temperature Range ............... - 40C to +85C Power Dissipation (TA 70C) MSOP-8 ............... 320mW Storage Temperature (Unbiased) ......... - 65C to +150C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10sec) .................. +260C
*This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: TA = -40C to +85C, VIN = +5V, C1 = 3.3F, C2 = 1F (TC1225); C1 = 1F,
C2 = 0.33F (TC1226); C1 = 0.33F, C2 = 0.1F (TC1227) unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C. Symbol Parameter
IDD Supply Current
Device
Test Conditions
Min
-- -- -- 1.8 -- 8.4 24.5 65 96 94 -- --
Typ
75 200 625 -- -- 12 35 125 99.5 99 45 135
Max
120 360 1500 -- 5.5 15.6 45.5 170 -- -- 80 420
Unit
A
VMIN VMAX FOSC
TC1225 TC1226 TC1227 Minimum Supply Voltage All Maximum Supply Voltage All Oscillator Frequency TC1225 TC1226 TC1227 All All All All
RLOAD = 1k for -VIN output RLOAD = 10k for -2VIN output RLOAD = 1k for -VIN output RLOAD = 10k for -2VIN output
V V kHz
VEFF1 VEFF2 ROUT1 ROUT2
Voltage Conversion Efficiency (Stage 1) Voltage Conversion Efficiency (Stage 2) Output Resistance for -VIN output (Note 1) Output Resistance for -2VIN output (Note 1)
RLOAD = for -VIN output RLOAD = for -2VIN output RLOAD = for -VIN output RLOAD = for -2VIN output ILOAD = 0.5mA to 5mA No Load at -2VIN Output ILOAD = 0.1mA to 1mA No Load at -VIN Output
% %
NOTES: 1. Capacitor contribution is approximately 20% of the output impedance [ESR = 1/ pump frequency x capacitance)].
PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin Number
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Name
C1- C2+ C2- -2VIN GND VIN C1+ -VIN
Description
C1 Commutation Capacitor Negative Terminal. C2 Commutation Capacitor Positive Terminal. C2 Commutation Capacitor Negative Terminal. Doubling Inverting Charge Pump Output (-2 x VIN). Ground. Positive Power Supply Input. C1 Commutation Capacitor Positive Terminal. Inverting Charge Pump Output (-1 x VIN).
TC1225/6/7-1 3/24/00
2
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS21369A
Inverting Dual (-VIN, -2VIN) Charge Pump Voltage Converters TC1225 TC1226 TC1227
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The TC1225/1226/1227 dual charge pump converters perform both a -1x and -2x multiply of the voltage applied to the VIN pin. Output `- VIN' provides a negative voltage inversion of the VIN supply, while output `-2 VIN' provides a negative doubling inversion of VIN. Conversion is performed using two synchronous switching matrices and four external capacitors. Figure 1 (below) is a block diagram representation of the TC1225/1226/1227 architecture. The first switching stage inverts the voltage present at VIN and the second stage uses the `-VIN' output generated from the first stage to produce the `-2VIN' output function from the second stage switching matrix. Each device contains an on-board oscillator that synchronously controls the operation of the charge pump switching matrices. The TC1225 synchronously switches at 12KHz, the TC1226 synchronously switches at 35KHz, and the TC1227 synchronously switches at 125KHz. The different oscillator frequencies for this device family allow the user to trade-off capacitor size versus supply current. Faster oscillators can use smaller external capacitors but will consume more supply current (see Electrical Characteristics Table).
VIN
nominal at +25C and VIN = +5V. The value of the `-2VIN' output and is approximately 140 nominal at +25C and VIN = +5V. In this particular case, `-VIN' is approximately - 5V and `-2VIN' is approximately -10V at very light loads, and each stage will droop according to the equation below: VDROOP = IOUT x ROUT [-VIN OUTPUT] = VOUT1 = - (VIN - VDROOP1) [-2VIN OUTPUT] = VOUT2 = VOUT1 - (VIN - VDROOP2) where VDROOP1 is the output voltage droop contributed from stage 1 loading , and VDROOP2 is the output voltage droop from stage 2 loading. Charge Pump Efficiency The overall power efficiency of the two charge pump stages is affected by four factors: (1) Losses from power consumed by the internal oscillator, switch drive, etc. (which vary with input voltage, temperature and oscillator frequency). (2) I2R losses due to the on-resistance of the MOSFET switches on-board each charge pump. (3) Charge pump capacitor losses due to effective series resistance (ESR).
+
C1
--VIN
SWITCH MATRIX (1st STAGE)
+
OSCILLATOR
COUT1
(4) Losses that occur during charge transfer (from the commutation capacitor to the output capacitor) when a voltage difference between the two capacitors exists. Most of the conversion losses are due to factor (2), (3) and (4) above. The losses for the first stage are given by Equation 1a and the losses for the second stage are given by Equation 1b. P1LOSS (2, 3, 4) = IOUT1 2 x ROUT1 where ROUT1 = [ 1 / [ fOSC (C1) ] + 8RSWITCH1 + 4ESRC1 + ESRCOUT1 ] Equation 1a. P2LOSS (2, 3, 4) = IOUT2 2 x ROUT2 where ROUT2 = [ 1 / [fOSC(C2) ] + 8RSWITCH2 + 4ESRC2 + ESRCOUT2 ] Equation 1b.
+
C2
--2VIN
SWITCH MATRIX (2nd STAGE)
+
COUT2
Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Output Voltage Considerations The TC1225/1226/1227 performs voltage conversions but does not provide any type of regulation. The two output voltage stages will droop in a linear manner with respect to their respective load currents. The value of the equivalent output resistance of the `-VIN' output is approximately 50
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21369A
3
TC1225/6/7-1
3/24/00
Inverting Dual (-VIN, -2VIN) Charge Pump Voltage Converters TC1225 TC1226 TC1227
The internal switch resistance for the first stage (i.e. RSWITCH1) is approximately 3 and the switch resistance for the second stage (i.e. RSWITCH2) is approximately 7. The losses in the circuit due to factor (4) above are also shown in Equation 2a for stage 1 and Equation 2b for stage 2. The output voltage ripple for stage 1 is given by Equation 3a and the output voltage ripple for stage 2 is given by Equation 3b. PLOSS1 (4) = [ (0.5)(C1)(VIN 2 - VOUT12 ) + (0.5) (COUT1) (VRIPPLE12 - 2VOUT1 VRIPPLE1) ] x fOSC Equation 2a. PLOSS2 (4) = [ (0.5) (C2) (VIN 2 - VOUT22 ) + (0.5) (COUT2) (VRIPPLE22 - 2VOUT2 VRIPPLE2) ] x fOSC
Equation 2b.
values of COUT1 and Table 2b shows the output voltage ripple for various values of COUT2 (again assuming VIN=5V @ +25oC). The VRIPPLE1 values assume a 3mA output load current for stage 1 and a 0.1 ESRCOUT1. The VRIPPLE2 values assume a 200uA output load current for stage 2 and a 0.1 ESRCOUT1.
Table 1a. Output Resistance vs. C1 (ESR = 0.1). For Stage 1
C1 (F)
0.47 1 3.3
TC1225 ROUT () TC1226 ROUT ()
202 108 50 85 53 33
TC1227 ROUT ()
42 33 27
Table 1b. Output Resistance vs. C2 (ESR = 0.1). For Stage 2
C2 (F)
0.1 0.47 1
TC1225 ROUT () TC1226 ROUT ()
890 239 140 342 117 85
TC1227 ROUT ()
137 74 65
VRIPPLE1 = [ IOUT1 / (fOSC) (COUT1) ] + 2 (IOUT1) (ESRCOUT1)
Equation 3a.
Table 2a. Output Voltage Ripple vs. COUT1 (ESR = 0.1) For Stage 1 (IOUT1 = 3mA)
VRIPPLE2 = [ IOUT2 / (fOSC) (COUT2) ] + 2 (IOUT2) (ESRCOUT2)
Equation 3b.
COUT1 (F)
0.47 1 3.3
TC1225 VRIPPLE1 (mV)
533 251 76
TC1226 VRIPPLE1 (mV)
183 86 27
TC1227 VRIPPLE1 (mV)
52 25 8
Capacitor Selection In order to maintain the lowest output resistance and output ripple voltage, it is recommended that low ESR capacitors be used. Additionally, larger values of C1 and C2 will lower the output resistance and larger values of COUT1 and COUT2 will reduce output ripple. (See Equations 1a, 1b, 3a, and 3b). NOTE: For proper charge pump operation, C1 and COUT1 must have a voltage rating greater than or equal to VIN, while C2 and COUT2 must have a voltage rating greater than or equal to 2VIN. Table 1a shows various values of C1 and the corresponding output resistance values for VIN=5V @ +25C for stage 1 and Table 1b shows various values of C2 and the corresponding output resistance values for VIN=5V @ +25C for stage 2. It assumes a 0.1 ESRC1, a 0.1 ESRC2, a 3 RSWITCH1, and a 7 RSWITCH2. Table 2a shows the output voltage ripple for various
Table 2b. Output Voltage Ripple vs. COUT2 (ESR = 0.1) For Stage 2 (IOUT2 = 200A)
COUT2 (F)
0.1 0.47 1
TC1225 VRIPPLE2 (mV)
167 36 17
TC1226 VRIPPLE2 (mV)
57 12 5.8
TC1227 VRIPPLE2 (mV)
16 3.4 1.6
Input Supply Bypassing TheVIN input should be capacitively bypassed to reduce AC impedance and minimize noise effects due to the switching internal to the device. It is recommended that a large value capacitor (at least equal to C1) be connected from VIN to GND for optimal circuit performance.
TC1225/6/7-1 3/24/00
4
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS21369A
Inverting Dual (-VIN, -2VIN) Charge Pump Voltage Converters TC1225 TC1226 TC1227
Dual Voltage Inverter The most common application for the TC1225/1226/ 1227 devices is the dual voltage inverter (Figure 2). This application uses four external capacitors: C1, C2, COUT1, and COUT2 (NOTE: a power supply bypass capacitor is recommended). The outputs are equal to - VIN and -2VIN plus any voltage drops due to loading. Refer to Tables 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b for capacitor selection guidelines. Figure 3 is a schematic of the TC1225 DEMO Card, and Figure 4 shows the assembly drawing and artwork for the board. Table 3 lists the voltages that are monitored by the test points and Table 4 lists the currents that can be measured using the jumpers.
Table 3. TC1225 DEMO Card Test Points
TEST POINT
TP1 TP2 TP3 TP4 TP5 TP6 TP7
VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT
VIN [+5V] GROUND GROUND TCM828 U1 OUTPUT [-5V(1)] TCM828 U2 OUTPUT [-10V(1)] TC1225 STAGE 1 OUTPUT [-5V(2)] TC1225 STAGE 2 OUTPUT [-10V(2)]
Device TC1225 TC1226 TC1227
VIN CIN 7 C1 1 2 C2 3
CIN C1 C2 3.3F 3.3F 1F 1F 1F 0.33F 0.33F 0.33F 0.1F
COUT1 3.3F 1F 0.33F
COUT2 1F 0.33F 0.1F
C1+
6 VIN -VIN 8 COUT1 TC1225 TC1226 TC1227 -2VIN RL1 VOUT1
Table 4. TC1225 DEMO Card Jumpers
JUMPER
J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6
CURRENT MEASUREMNT
DUAL TCM828 QUIESCENT CURRENT TC1225 QUIESCENT CURRENT TCM828 U1 [-5V(1)] LOAD CURRENT TCM828 U2 [-10V(1)] LOAD CURRENT TC1225 STAGE 1 [-5V(2)] LOAD CURRENT TC1225 STAGE 2 [-10V(2)] LOAD CURRENT
C1- C2+
4 COUT2
VOUT2 RL2
C2-
GND 5
Figure 2. Dual Voltage Inverter Test Circuit
Layout Considerations As with any switching power supply circuit good layout practice is recommended. Mount components as close together as possible to minimize stray inductance and capacitance. Also use a large ground plane to minimize noise leakage into other circuitry.
TC1225 DEMO CARD The TC1225 DEMO Card is a 2.0" x 2.0" card containing both a TC1225 and two cascaded TCM828s that allow the user to compare the operation of each approach for generating a -1X and -2X function. Each circuit is fully assembled with the required external capacitors along with variable load resistors that allow the user to vary the output load current of each stage. For convenience, several test points and jumpers are available for measuring various voltages and currents on the demo board.
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21369A
5
TC1225/6/7-1
3/24/00
Inverting Dual (-VIN, -2VIN) Charge Pump Voltage Converters TC1225 TC1226 TC1227
Figure 3. TC1225 DEMO Card Schematic
Figure 4. TC1225 DEMO Card Assembly Drawing and Artwork
TC1225/6/7-1 3/24/00
6
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS21369A
Inverting Dual (-VIN, -2VIN) Charge Pump Voltage Converters TC1225 TC1226 TC1227
TYPICAL RIPPLE WAVEFORMS
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS21369A
7
TC1225/6/7-1
3/24/00
Inverting Dual (-VIN, -2VIN) Charge Pump Voltage Converters TC1225 TC1226 TC1227
TAPING FORM
Component Taping Orientation for 8-Pin MSOP Devices
User Direction of Feed
PIN 1
User Direction of Feed
W
PIN 1 Standard Reel Component Orientation for TR Suffix Device
P
Reverse Reel Component Orientation for RT Suffix Device
Carrier Tape, Number of Components Per Reel and Reel Size
Package Carrier Width (W) Pitch (P) Part Per Full Reel Reel Size
8-Pin MSOP
12 mm
8 mm
2500
13 in
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
8-Pin MSOP
PIN 1
.122 (3.10) .114 (2.90)
.197 (5.00) .189 (4.80)
.026 (0.65) TYP.
.122 (3.10) .114 (2.90) .043 (1.10) MAX. .016 (0.40) .010 (0.25) .006 (0.15) .002 (0.05)
6 MAX. .028 (0.70) .016 (0.40)
.008 (0.20) .005 (0.13)
Dimensions: inches (mm)
TC1225/6/7-1 3/24/00
8
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS21369A
Inverting Dual (-VIN, -2VIN) Charge Pump Voltage Converters TC1225 TC1226 TC1227
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01/09/01
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All rights reserved. (c) 2001 Microchip Technology Incorporated. Printed in the USA. 1/01
Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchipis products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, except as maybe explicitly expressed herein, under any intellectual property rights. The Microchip logo and name are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries. All rights reserved. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective companies.
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS21369A
9
TC1225/6/7-1
3/24/00
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