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TPS2202, TPS2202Y DUAL-SLOT PC CARD POWER-INTERFACE SWITCHES FOR SERIAL PCMCIA CONTROLLERS
SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
* * * * * * * * * * *
Fully Integrated VCC and Vpp Switching for Dual-Slot PC Card Interface Saves PCMCIA Controller I/O Leads by Utilizing 3-Lead Serial Interface Meets PCMCIA Standards Internal Charge Pump (No External Capacitors Required) - 12-V Supply Can Be Disabled Except for Flash Programming Short Circuit and Thermal Protection Space-Saving 30-Pin SSOP(DB) Package Compatible With 3.3-V, 5-V and 12-V PC Cards Power Saving IDD = 83 A Typ, IQ = 1 A Low rDS(on) (160-m VCC Switch) Break-Before-Make Switching ESD Protection Up to 2 kV Per Mil-STD-883C, Method 3015
DB OR DF PACKAGE (TOP VIEW)
5V 5V DATA CLOCK LATCH NC 12V AVPP AVCC AVCC AVCC GND APWR_GOOD NC 3V
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
5V NC NC NC NC VDD 12V BVPP BVCC BVCC BVCC BPWR_GOOD OC 3V 3V
NC - No internal connection
description
The TPS2202 PC Card (PCMCIA) power-interface switch provides an integrated power-management solution for two PC Cards. All of the discrete power MOSFETs, a logic section, current limiting, thermal protection, and power-good reporting for PC Card control are combined on a single integrated circuit (IC), using Texas Instruments LinBiCMOSTM process. The circuit allows the distribution of 3-V, 5-V, and/or 12-V card power by means of a reduced I/O serial interface. The current-limiting feature eliminates the need for fuses, which reduces component count and improves reliability; current-limit reporting can help the user isolate a system fault to a bad card. The TPS2202 maximizes battery life by using an internal charge pump to generate its own switch-drive voltage. Therefore, the 12-V supply can be powered down and only brought out of standby when flash memory needs to be written to or erased. End equipment for the TPS2202 includes notebook computers, desktop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), digital cameras, handiterminals, and bar-code scanners.
typical PC-card power-distribution application
VDD Power Supply 12 V 5V 3V 12V 5V 3V TPS2202 AVPP AVCC AVCC AVCC 3 PCMCIA Controller Serial Interface APWR_GOOD BPWR_GOOD OC BVPP BVCC BVCC BVCC Vpp1 Vpp2 VCC VCC Vpp1 Vpp2 VCC VCC PC Card A
PC Card B
LinBiCMOS is a trademark of Texas Instruments Incorporated.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright (c) 1995, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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TPS2202, TPS2202Y DUAL-SLOT PC CARD POWER-INTERFACE SWITCHES FOR SERIAL PCMCIA CONTROLLERS
SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
AVAILABLE OPTIONS PACKAGED DEVICES TJ SHINK SMALL-OUTLINE (DB) SMALL-OUTLINE (DF) CHIP FORM (Y)
- 40C to 150C TPS2202IDB TPS2202IDF TPS2202Y The DF package is only available left-end taped and reeled (indicated by the LE suffix on the device type; e.g., TPS2202IDFLE).
Terminal Functions
TERMINAL NAME 3V 5V 12V AVCC AVPP APWR_GOOD BVCC BVPP BPWR_GOOD CLOCK DATA GND LATCH NC OC VDD NO. 15, 16, 17 1, 2, 30 7, 24 9, 10, 11 8 13 20, 21, 22 23 19 4 3 12 5 6, 14, 26, 27, 28, 29 18 25 O I I/O I I I O O O O O O I I 3-V VCC input for card power 5-V VCC input for card power 12-V VPP input for card power Switched output that delivers 0 V, 3.3 V, 5 V, or high impedance Switched output that delivers 0 V, 3.3 V, 5 V, 12 V, or high impedance Logic-level power-ready output that stays low as long as AVPP is within limits. Switched output that delivers 0 V, 3.3 V, 5 V, or high impedance Switched output that delivers 0 V, 3.3 V, 5 V, 12 V, or high impedance Logic-level power-ready output that stays low as long as BVPP is within limits. Logic-level clock for serial data word Logic-level serial data word Ground Logic-level latch for serial data word No internal connection Logic-level overcurrent reporting output that goes low when an overcurrent condition exists. 5-V power to chip DESCRIPTION
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TPS2202, TPS2202Y DUAL-SLOT PC CARD POWER-INTERFACE SWITCHES FOR SERIAL PCMCIA CONTROLLERS
SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
TPS2202Y chip information
This chip, when properly assembled, displays characteristics similar to the TPS2202. Thermal compression or ultrasonic bonding may be used on the doped aluminum bonding pads. The chips may be mounted with conductive epoxy or a gold-silicon preform.
BONDING PAD ASSIGNMENTS (19) (18) (16) (17) (15) (13) (12) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) TPS2201Y (30) (29) (28) (27) (26) (25) (24) (23) (22) (21) (20) (19) (18) (17) (16)
5V 5V DATA CLOCK LATCH
5V NC NC NC NC VDD 12V BVPP BVCC BVCC BVCC BPWR_GOOD OC 3V 3V
(20)
(11)
NC 12V AVPP
(21) 204 (22)
(10)
AVCC AVCC AVCC
(9)
GND APWR_GOOD
(23)
(8)
NC 3V
(24) (25)
(7)
CHIP THICKNESS: 15 MILS TYPICAL BONDING PADS: 4 x 4 MILS MINIMUM (30) (1) (2) (5) TJmax = 150C TOLERANCES ARE 10% ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILS 142 TERMINALS 6, 14, 26, 27, 28, AND 29 ARE NOT CONNECTED
(3)
(4)
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TPS2202, TPS2202Y DUAL-SLOT PC CARD POWER-INTERFACE SWITCHES FOR SERIAL PCMCIA CONTROLLERS
SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)
Supply voltage range, VDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 0.3 V to 7 V Input voltage range for card power: VI(5V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 0.3 V to 7 V VI(3V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 0.3 V to VI(5V) VI(12V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 0.3 V to 14 V Logic input voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 0.3 V to 7 V Continuous total power dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See Dissipation Rating Table Output current (each card): IO(xVCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . internally limited IO(xVPP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . internally limited Operating virtual junction temperature range, TJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 40C to 150C Operating free-air temperature range, TA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 40C to 85C Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 55C to 150C Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260C
Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DISSIPATION RATING TABLE TA 25C DERATING FACTOR TA = 70C POWER RATING ABOVE TA = 25C POWER RATING 1024 mW 8.2 mW/C 655 mW
PACKAGE DB
TA = 85C POWER RATING 532 mW
DF 1158 mW 9.26 mW/C 741 mW 602 mW Maximum values are calculated using a derating factor based on RJA = 108C/ W for the package. These devices are mounted on an FR4 board with no special thermal considerations.
recommended operating conditions
MIN Supply voltage, VDD Input voltage range, VI VI(5V) VI(3V) VI(12V) IO(xVCC) at 25C IO(xVPP) at 25C 0 - 40 4.75 0 0 0 MAX 5.25 5.25 VI(5V) 13.5 1 150 2.5 125 UNIT V V V V A mA MHz C
Output current IO current, Clock frequency, fclock
Operating virtual junction temperature, TJ VI(3V) should not be taken above VI(5V).
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SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
electrical characteristics, TA = 25C, VDD = 5 V (unless otherwise noted)
dc characteristics
PARAMETER 5 V to xVCC 3 V to xVCC Switch resistances 5 V to xVPP 3 V to xVPP 12 V to xVPP Clamp low voltage Clamp low voltage Ipp High impedance state High-impedance Leakage current ICC High impedance state High-impedance IDD Input current IDD in shutdown Power-ready threshold, PWR_GOOD Power-ready hysteresis, PWR_GOOD (12-V mode) Short-circuit output-current Short circuit output current limit IO(xVCC) IO(xVPP) TJ = 85C, , Output powered up into a short to GND 0.75 120 Ipp at 10 mA ICC at 10 mA TA = 25C TA = 85C TA = 25C TA = 85C VO(AVCC) = VO(BVCC) = 5 V, VO(AVPP) = VO(BVPP) = 12 V VO(BVCC) = VO(AVCC) = VO(AVPP) = VO(BVPP) = high Z 10.72 11.05 50 1.3 200 1.9 400 1 1 TEST CONDITIONS TPS2202 MIN TYP MAX 160 225 6 6 1 0.8 0.8 10 50 10 50 83 150 1 11.4 A A V mV A mA A V V UNIT m
Pulse-testing techniques maintain junction temperature close to ambient temperature; thermal effects must be taken into account separately.
switching characteristics
PARAMETER tr tf Output rise time Output fall time TEST CONDITIONS VO(xVCC) VO(xVPP) VO(xVCC) VO(xVPP) LATCH to VO(xVPP) O( ) tpd d Propagation delay (see Figure 1) LATCH to xVCC (3 V) LATCH to xVCC (5 V) Refer to Parameter Measurement Information Propagation delays are with CL = 100 F. ton toff ton toff ton toff TPS2202 MIN TYP 1.2 5 10 14 5.8 18 5.8 28 4 30 MAX UNIT ms ms ms ms ms
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TPS2202, TPS2202Y DUAL-SLOT PC CARD POWER-INTERFACE SWITCHES FOR SERIAL PCMCIA CONTROLLERS
SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
electrical characteristics, TA = 25C, VDD = 5 V (unless otherwise noted) (continued)
logic section
PARAMETER Logic input current Logic input high level Logic input low level Logic output high level Logic output low level IO = 1 mA VDD - 0.4 0.4 2.7 0.8 TEST CONDITIONS TPS2202 MIN MAX 1 UNIT A V V V V
dc characteristics
PARAMETER Leakage current Input current Ipp High-impedance state ICC High-impedance state IDD VO(AVCC) = VO(BVCC) = 5 V, VO(AVPP) = VO(BVPP) = 12 V TEST CONDITIONS TPS2202Y MIN TYP 1 1 83 11.05 50 MAX UNIT A A V mV
Power-ready threshold, PWR_GOOD Power-ready hysteresis, PWR_GOOD (12-V mode)
switching characteristics
PARAMETER tr tf Output rise time Output fall time TEST CONDITIONS VO(xVCC) VO(xVPP) VO(xVCC) VO(xVPP) LATCH to VO(xVPP) O( ) tpd d Propagation delay (see Figure 1) LATCH to xVCC LATCH to xVCC Refer to Parameter Measurement Information Propagation delays are with CL = 100 F. ton toff ton toff ton toff TPS2202Y MIN TYP 1.2 5 10 14 5.8 18 5.8 28 4 30 MAX UNIT ms ms ms ms ms
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SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION
Vpp CL VCC CL
LOAD CIRCUIT VDD LATCH 50% GND toff ton 90% VO(xVPP) VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS 10% VI(12V) VO(xVCC) GND ton LATCH
LOAD CIRCUIT VDD 50% GND toff VI(5V) 10% VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS GND
90%
Figure 1. Test Circuits and Voltage Waveforms
Table of Timing Diagrams
FIGURE Serial-Interface Timing xVCC Propagation Delay and Rise Times With 1-F Load, 3-V Switch xVCC Propagation Delay and Fall Times With 1-F Load, 3-V Switch xVCC Propagation Delay and Rise Times With 100-F Load, 3-V Switch xVCC Propagation Delay and Fall Times With 100-F Load, 3-V Switch xVCC Propagation Delay and Rise Times With 1-F Load, 5-V Switch xVCC Propagation Delay and Fall Times With 1-F Load, 5-V Switch xVCC Propagation Delay and Rise Times With 100-F Load, 5-V Switch xVCC Propagation Delay and Fall Times With 100-F Load, 5-V Switch xVPP Propagation Delay and Rise Times With 1-F Load, 12-V Switch xVPP Propagation Delay and Fall Times With 1-F Load, 12-V Switch xVPP Propagation Delay and Rise Times With 100-F Load, 12-V Switch xVPP Propagation Delay and Fall Times With 100-F Load, 12-V Switch 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
DATA
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
LATCH
CLOCK NOTE A. Data is clocked in on the a positive leading edge of the clock. The latch should occur before next positive leading edge of the clock. For definition of D0 - D8, see control logic table.
Figure 2. Serial-Interface Timing
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TPS2202, TPS2202Y DUAL-SLOT PC CARD POWER-INTERFACE SWITCHES FOR SERIAL PCMCIA CONTROLLERS
SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION
LATCH (2 V/div)
LATCH (2 V/div)
xVCC (1 V/div)
xVCC (1 V/div)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
t - Time - ms
t - Time - ms
Figure 3. xVCC Propagation Delay and Rise Times With 1-F Load, 3-V Switch
Figure 4. xVCC Propagation Delay and Fall Times With 1-F Load, 3-V Switch
LATCH (2 V/div)
LATCH (2 V/div)
xVCC (1 V/div)
xVCC (1 V/div)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
t - Time - ms
t - Time - ms
Figure 5. xVCC Propagation Delay and Rise Times With 100-F Load, 3-V Switch
Figure 6. xVCC Propagation Delay and Fall Times With 100-F Load, 3-V Switch
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SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION
LATCH (2 V/div)
LATCH (2 V/div)
xVCC (1 V/div)
xVCC (1 V/div)
0
1
2 t - Time - ms
3
4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
t - Time - ms
Figure 7. xVCC Propagation Delay and Rise Times With 1-F Load, 5-V Switch
Figure 8. xVCC Propagation Delay and Fall Times With 1-F Load, 5-V Switch
LATCH (2 V/div)
xVCC (1 V/div)
LATCH (2 V/div)
xVCC (1 V/div) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
t - Time - ms
t - Time - ms
Figure 9. xVCC Propagation Delay and Rise Times With 100-F Load, 5-V Switch
Figure 10. xVCC Propagation Delay and Fall Times With 100-F Load, 5-V Switch
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TPS2202, TPS2202Y DUAL-SLOT PC CARD POWER-INTERFACE SWITCHES FOR SERIAL PCMCIA CONTROLLERS
SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION
LATCH (2 V/div)
LATCH (2 V/div)
xVPP (5 V/div)
xVPP (5 V/div)
0
0.2
0.4 0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
t - Time - ms
t - Time - ms
Figure 11. xVPP Propagation Delay and Rise Times With 1-F Load, 12-V Switch
Figure 12. xVPP Propagation Delay and Fall Times With 1-F Load, 12-V Switch
LATCH (2 V/div)
LATCH (2 V/div)
xVPP (5 V/div) xVPP (5 V/div)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
t - Time - ms
t - Time - ms
Figure 13. xVPP Propagation Delay and Rise Times With 100-F Load, 12-V Switch
Figure 14. xVPP Propagation Delay and Fall Times With 100-F Load, 12-V Switch
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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Table of Graphs
FIGURE IDD rDS(on) rDS(on) rDS(on) VO(xVCC) VO(xVCC) xVpp ISC(xVCC) ISC(xVPP) Supply current Static drain-source on-state resistance, 3-V switch Static drain-source on-state resistance, 5-V switch Static drain-source on-state resistance, 12-V switch Output voltage, 5-V switch Output voltage, 3-V switch Output voltage, Vpp switch Short-circuit current, 5-V switch Short-circuit current, 12-V switch vs Junction temperature vs Junction temperature vs Junction temperature vs Junction temperature vs Output current vs Output current vs Output current vs Junction temperature vs Junction temperature 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
SUPPLY CURRENT vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
100 VO(AVCC) = VO(BVCC) = 5 V VO(AVPP) = VO(BVPP) = 12 V No load 95 I DD - Supply Current - A
90
85
t = pulse tested
AA AA AA
80
75 - 50
0
50
100
150
TJ - Junction Temperature - C
Figure 15
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SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
3-V SWITCH 5-V SWITCH
r DS(on) - Static Drain-Source On-State Resistance - m
400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 - 50 VDD = 5 V VCC = 3.3 V
r DS(on) - Static Drain-Source On-State Resistance - m
STATIC DRAIN-SOURCE ON-STATE RESISTANCE vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
STATIC DRAIN-SOURCE ON-STATE RESISTANCE vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 - 50 VDD = 5 V VCC = 5 V
- 25
0 25 50 75 100 TJ - Junction Temperature - C
125
- 25
25 50 75 100 0 TJ - Junction Temperature - C
125
Figure 16
12-V SWITCH
Figure 17
5-V SWITCH
r DS(on) - Static Drain-Source On-State Resistance - m
STATIC DRAIN-SOURCE ON-STATE RESISTANCE vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
1700 VDD = 5 V Vpp = 12 V 1500 VO(xVCC) - Output Voltage - V 5 5.05 VDD = 5 V VCC = 5 V
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT
- 40C 4.99
1300
1100
4.9 25C 4.85 85C 125C 4.8
900
700
500 - 50
4.75 - 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 0 0.1 TJ - Junction Temperature - C 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 IO(xVCC) - Output Current - A 0.7
Figure 18
t = pulse tested
Figure 19
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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
3-V SWITCH Vpp SWITCH
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT
3.35 VDD = 5 V VCC = 3.3 V VO(xVCC) - Output Voltage - V 3.3 xVpp - Output Voltage - V - 40C 25C 3.2 12 12.05
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT
VDD = 5 V Vpp = 12 V
- 40C 11.95 25C
3.25
11.90
3.15
11.85 3.1 125C 85C 3.05 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 IO(xVCC) - Output Current - A 11.80 0 0.02 0.04
85C 125C
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
IO(xVPP) - Output Current - A
Figure 20
5-V SWITCH
Figure 21
12-V SWITCH
SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
2 I SC(xVPP) - Short-Circuit Current - mA I SC(xVCC) - Short-Circuit Current - A VDD = 5 V VCC = 5 V 400
SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
VDD = 5 V Vpp = 12 V 350
1.5
300
250
1
200
150
0.5 - 50
0
50
100
150
100 - 50
TJ - Junction Temperature - C
100 0 50 TJ - Junction Temperature - C
150
Figure 22
t = pulse tested
Figure 23
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TPS2202, TPS2202Y DUAL-SLOT PC CARD POWER-INTERFACE SWITCHES FOR SERIAL PCMCIA CONTROLLERS
SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
APPLICATION INFORMATION overview
PC Cards were initially introduced as a means to add EEPROM (flash memory) to portable computers with limited on-board memory. The idea of add-in cards quickly took hold: modems, wireless LANs, GPS systems, multimedia, and hard-disk versions were soon available. As the number of PC Card applications grew, the engineering community quickly recognized the need for a standard to ensure compatibility across platforms. To this end, the PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) was established and was comprised of members from leading computer, software, PC card, and semiconductor manufacturers. One key goal was to realize the concept of plug and play - cards and hosts from different vendors should be compatible and able to communicate with one another transparently. PC Card power specification System compatibility also means power compatibility. The most current set of specifications (PC Card Standard) set forth by the PCMCIA committee states that power is to be transferred between the host and the card through eight of the PC Card connector's 68 pins. This power interface consists of two VCC, two Vpp, and four ground pins. Multiple VCC and ground pins minimize connector-pin and line resistance. The two Vpp pins were originally specified as separate signals but are commonly tied together in the host to form a single node to minimize voltage losses. Card primary power is supplied through the VCC pins; flash-memory programming and erase voltage is supplied through the Vpp pins. As each pin is rated to 0.5 A, VCC and Vpp can theoretically supply up to 1 A, assuming equal pin resistance and no pin failure. A conservative design would limit current to 500 mA. Some applications, however, require higher VCC currents; disk drives, for example, may need as much as 750-mA peak current to create the initial torque necessary to spin up the platter. Vpp currents, on the other hand, are defined by flash-memory programming requirements, typically under 120 mA. future power trends The 1-A physical-pin current alluded to in the PC Card specification has caused some host-system engineers to believe they are required to deliver 1 A within the voltage tolerance of the card. Future applications, such as RF cards, could use the extra power for their radio transmitters. The 5 W needed for these cards will require very robust power supplies and special cooling considerations. The limited number of host sockets that will be able to support them makes the market for these high-powered PC Cards uncertain. The vast majority of the cards require less than 600 mA continuous current and the trend is towards even lower-powered PC Cards that will assure compatibility with a greater number of host systems. Recognizing the need for power derating, an adhoc committee of the PCMCIA is currently working to limit the amount of steady-state dc current to the PC Card to something less than the currently implied 1 A. If a system is designed to support 1 A, then the switch rDS(on), power supply requirements, and PC Card cooling need to be carefully considered. designing around 1-A delivery Delivering 1 A means minimizing voltage (and power) losses across the PC Card power interface, which requires that designers trade off switch resistance and the cost associated with large-die (low rDS(on)) MOSFET transistors. The PC Card standard requires that 5 V 5%, or 3.3 V 0.3 V be supplied to the card. The approximate 10% tolerance for the 3.3-V supply makes the 3.3-V rDS(on) less critical than the 5-V switch. A conservative approach is to allow 2% for voltage-regulator tolerance and 1% for etch- and terminal-resistance drops, which leaves 2% (100 mV) voltage drop for the 5-V switch, and at least 6% (198 mV) for the 3.3-V switch. Calculating the rDS(on) necessary to support a 100 mV or 198 mV switch loss, using R = E/I and setting I = 1 A, the 5-V and 3.3-V switches would need to be 100 m and 198 m respectively. One solution would be to pay for a more expensive switch with lower rDS(on). A second, less expensive approach is to increase the headroom of the power supply-for example, to increase the 5-V supply 1.5% or to 5.075 2%. Working through the numbers once more, the 2% for the regulator plus 1 % for etch and terminal losses leaves 97% or 4.923 V.
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SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
APPLICATION INFORMATION
designing around 1-A delivery (continued) The allowable voltage loss across the power distribution switch is now 4.923 V minus 4.750 V or 173 mV. Therefore, a switch with 173 m or less could deliver 1 A or greater. Setting the power supply high is a common practice for delivering voltages to allow for system switch, connector, and etch losses and has a minimal effect on overall battery life. In the example above, setting the power supply 1.5% high would only decrease a 3-hour battery life by approximately 2.7 minutes, trivial when compared with the decrease in battery life when running a 5-W PC Card. heat dissipation A greater concern in delivering 1 A or 5 W is the ability of the host to dissipate the heat generated by the PC Card. For desktop computers the solution is simpler: locate the PC Card cage such that it receives convection cooling from the forced air of the fan. Notebooks and other handheld equipment are not be able to rely on convection, but must rely on conduction of heat away from the PC Card through the rails into the card cage. This is difficult because PC Card/card cage heat transfer is very poor. A typical design scenario would require the PC Card to be held at 60C maximum with the host platform operating as high as 50C. Preliminary testing reveals that a PC Card can have a 20C rise, exceeding the 10C differential in the example, when dissipating less than 2 W of continuous power. The 60C temperature was chosen because it is the maximum operating temperature allowable by PC Card specification. Power handling requirements and temperature rises are topics of concern and are currently being addressed by the PCMCIA committee. overcurrent and over-temperature protection PC Cards are inherently subject to damage that can result from mishandling. Host systems require protection against short-circuited cards that could lead to power supply or PCB-trace damage. Even systems sufficiently robust to withstand a short circuit would still undergo rapid battery discharge into the damaged PC Card, resulting in the rather sudden and unacceptable loss of system power. This can be particularly frustrating to the consumer who has already experienced problems with shortened battery life due to improper Nicad conditioning or memory effect. Most hosts include fuses for protection. The reliability of fused systems is poor, though, as blown fuses require troubleshooting and repair, usually by the manufacturer. The TPS2202 takes a two-pronged approach to overcurrent protection. First, instead of fuses, sense FETs monitor each of the power outputs. Excessive current generates an error signal that linearly limits the output current, preventing host damage or failure. Sense FETs, unlike sense resistors or polyfuses, have the added advantage that they do not add to the series resistance of the switch and thus produce no additional voltage losses. Second, when an overcurrent condition is detected, the TPS2202 asserts a signal at OC that can be monitored by the microprocessor to initiate diagnostics and/or send the user a warning message. In the event that an overcurrent condition persists, causing the IC to exceed its maximum junction temperature, thermal-protection circuitry engages, shutting down all power outputs until the device cools to within a safe operating region. 12-V supply not required Most PC Card switches use the externally supplied 12-V Vpp power for switch-gate drive and other chip functions, requiring that it be present at all times. The TPS2202 offers considerable power savings by using an internal charge pump to generate the required higher voltages from the 5-V VDD supply; therefore, the external 12-V supply can be disabled except when needed for flash-memory functions, thereby extending battery lifetime. Additional power savings are realized by the TPS2202 during a software shutdown, in which quiescent current drops to a maximum of 1 A. voltage transitioning requirement PC Cards, like portables, are migrating from 5 V to 3.3 V to minimize power consumption, optimize board space, and increase logic speeds. The TPS2202 is designed to meet all combinations of power delivery as currently defined in the PCMCIA standard. The latest protocol accommodates mixed 3.3-V/5-V systems by first powering the card with 5 V, then polling it to determine its 3.3-V compatibility. The PCMCIA specification requires that the
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TPS2202, TPS2202Y DUAL-SLOT PC CARD POWER-INTERFACE SWITCHES FOR SERIAL PCMCIA CONTROLLERS
SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
APPLICATION INFORMATION
voltage transitioning requirement (continued) capacitors on 3.3-V compatible cards be discharged to below 0.8 V before applying 3.3-V power. This ensures that sensitive 3.3-V circuitry is not subjected to any residual 5-V charge and functions as a power reset. The TPS2202 offers a selectable VCC and VPP ground state, in accordance with PCMCIA 3.3-V/5-V switching specifications, to fully discharge the card capacitors while switching between VCC voltages. output ground switches Several PCMCIA power-distribution switches on the market do not have an active-grounding FET switch. These devices do not meet the PC Card specification requiring a discharge of VCC within 100 ms. PC Card resistance can not be relied on to provide a discharge path for voltages stored on PC Card capacitance because of possible high-impedance isolation by power-management schemes. A method commonly shown to alleviate this problem is to add to the switch output an external 100 k resistor in parallel with the PC Card. Considering that this is the only discharge path to ground, a timing analysis will reveal that the RC time constant delays the required discharge time to over 2 seconds. The only way to ensure timing compatibility with PC Card standards is to use a power-distribution switch that has an internal ground switch, like that of the TPS22xx family, or add an external ground FET to each of the output lines with the control logic necessary to select it. In summary, the TPS2202 is a complete single-chip dual-slot PC Card power interface. It meets all currently defined PCMCIA specifications for power delivery in 5-V, 3.3-V, and mixed systems, and offers a serial controller interface. The TPS2202 offers functionality, power savings, overcurrent and thermal protection, and fault reporting in one 30-pin SSOP surface-mount package for maximum value added to new portable designs.
power supply considerations
The TPS2202 has multiple terminals for each of its 3.3 V, 5 V, and 12 V power inputs and for the switched VCC outputs. Any individual terminal can conduct the rated input or output current. Unless all terminals are connected in parallel, the series resistance is significantly higher than that specified, resulting in increased voltage drops and lost power. Both 12 V inputs must be connected for proper Vpp switching; it is recommended that all input and output power terminals be paralleled for optimum operation. The VDD input lead must be connected to the 5V input leads. Although the TPS2202 is fairly immune to power input fluctuations and noise, it is generally considered good design practice to bypass power supplies typically with a 1-F electrolytic or tantalum capacitor paralleled by a 0.047-F to 0.1-F ceramic capacitor. It is strongly recommended that the switched VCC and Vpp outputs be bypassed with a 0.1-F or larger capacitor; doing so improves the immunity of the TPS2202 to electrostatic discharge (ESD). Care should be taken to minimize the inductance of PCB traces between the TPS2202 and the load. High switching currents can produce large negative-voltage transients, which forward biases substrate diodes, resulting in unpredictable performance. The TPS2202, unlike other PC Card power-interface switches, does not use the 12-V power supply for switching or other chip functions. Instead, an internal charge pump generates the necessary voltage from VDD, allowing the 12-V input supply to be shut down except when the Vpp programming or erase voltage is needed. Careful system design making use of this feature reduces power consumption and extends battery lifetime. The 3.3-V power input should not be taken higher than the 5-V input. Doing so, though nondestructive, results in high current flow into the device, and could result in abnormal operation. In any case, this occurrence indicates a malfunction of one input voltage or both, which should be investigated. Similarly, no terminal should be taken below - 0.3 V; forward biasing the parasitic-substrate diode results in substrate currents and unpredictable performance.
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TPS2202, TPS2202Y DUAL-SLOT PC CARD POWER-INTERFACE SWITCHES FOR SERIAL PCMCIA CONTROLLERS
SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
APPLICATION INFORMATION overcurrent and thermal protection
The TPS2202 uses sense FETs to check for overcurrent conditions in each of the VCC and Vpp outputs. Unlike sense resistors or polyfuses, these FETs do not add to the series resistance of the switch; therefore, voltage and power losses are reduced. Overcurrent sensing is applied to each output separately. When an overcurrent condition is detected, only the power output affected is limited; all other power outputs continue to function normally. The OC indicator, normally a logic high, is a logic low when any overcurrent condition is detected, providing for initiation of system diagnostics and/or sending a warning message to the user. During power up, the TPS2202 controls the rise time of the VCC and Vpp outputs and limits the current into a faulty card or connector. If a short circuit is applied after power is established (e.g., hot insertion of a bad card), current is initially limited only by the impedance between the short and the power supply. In extreme cases, as much as 10 A to 15 A may flow into the short before the current limiting of the TPS2202 engages. If the VCC or Vpp outputs are driven below ground, the TPS2202 may latch nondestructively in an off state. Cycling power reestablishes normal operation. Overcurrent limiting for the VCC outputs is designed to engage if powered up into a short in the range of 0.75 A to 1.9 A, typically at about 1.3 A; the Vpp outputs limit from 120 mA to 400 mA, typically around 200 mA. The protection circuitry acts by linearly limiting the current passing through the switch, rather than initiating a full shutdown of the supply. Shutdown occurs only during thermal limiting. Thermal limiting prevents destruction of the IC from overheating when the package power-dissipation ratings are exceeded. Thermal limiting, disables all power outputs (both A and B slots) until the device has cooled.
calculating junction temperature
The switch resistance, rDS(on), is dependent on the junction temperature, TJ, of the die. The junction temperature is dependent on both rDS(on) and the current through the switch. To calculate TJ, first find rDS(on) from Figures 16, 17, and 18 using an initial temperature estimate about 50C above ambient. Then calculate the power dissipation for each switch, using the formula: P D
+ rDS(on) @I2
Next, sum the power dissipation and calculate the junction temperature: T J
+
S PD @ RqJA
) TA,
R
qJA + 108 C
W
Compare the calculated junction temperature with the initial temperature estimate. If they are not within a few degrees of each other, reiterate using the calculated temperature as the initial estimate.
logic input and outputs
The serial interface consists of DATA, CLOCK, and LATCH leads. The data is clocked in on the positive leading edge of the clock (see Figure 2). The 9-bit (D0 through D8) serial data word is loaded during the positive edge of the latch signal. The latch signal should occur before the next positive leading edge of the clock. The shutdown bit of the data word places all VCC and Vpp outputs in a high-impedance state and reduces chip quiescent current to 1 A to conserve battery power. The TPS2202 serial interface is designed to be compatible with serial-interface PCMCIA controllers and current PCMCIA and JEIDA standards. An overcurrent output (OC) is provided to indicate an overcurrent condition in any of the VCC or Vpp outputs, as previously discussed.
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TPS2202, TPS2202Y DUAL-SLOT PC CARD POWER-INTERFACE SWITCHES FOR SERIAL PCMCIA CONTROLLERS
SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
APPLICATION INFORMATION
TPS2202 S7 S1 S2 3V 3V 3V 15 16 CS 17 S4 CS S5 S6 5V 5V 5V 12V 12V 1 2 30 7 24 CS S10 S11 S12 23 Card B 20 21 22 18 52 VPP1 VPP2 17 51 VCC VCC S3 CS S8 S9 9 10 11 17 51 VCC VCC Card A 8 18 52 VPP1 VPP2
Internal Current Monitor
Thermal 3 4 5 DATA CLOCK LATCH Serial Interface
25 VDD Controller 19 13 18
BPWR_GOOD APWR_GOOD OC GND
12
Figure 24. Internal Switching Matrix
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TPS2202, TPS2202Y DUAL-SLOT PC CARD POWER-INTERFACE SWITCHES FOR SERIAL PCMCIA CONTROLLERS
SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
APPLICATION INFORMATION TPS2202 control logic
AVPP
CONTROL SIGNALS D8 SHDN 1 1 1 1 0 D0 A_VPP_PGM 0 0 1 1 X D1 A_VPP_VCC 0 1 0 1 X S7 CLOSED OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN INTERNAL SWITCH SETTINGS S8 OPEN CLOSED OPEN OPEN OPEN S9 OPEN OPEN CLOSED OPEN OPEN OUTPUT VAVPP 0V VCC VPP(12 V) Hi-Z Hi-Z
BVPP
CONTROL SIGNALS D8 SHDN 1 1 1 1 0 D4 B_VPP_PGM 0 0 1 1 X D5 B_VPP_VCC 0 1 0 1 X S10 CLOSED OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN INTERNAL SWITCH SETTINGS S11 OPEN CLOSED OPEN OPEN OPEN S12 OPEN OPEN CLOSED OPEN OPEN OUTPUT VBVPP 0V VCC VPP(12 V) Hi-Z Hi-Z
AVCC
CONTROL SIGNALS D8 SHDN 1 1 1 1 0 D3 A_VCC3 0 0 1 1 X D2 A_VCC5 0 1 0 1 X S1 CLOSED OPEN OPEN CLOSED OPEN INTERNAL SWITCH SETTINGS S2 OPEN CLOSED OPEN OPEN OPEN S3 OPEN OPEN CLOSED OPEN OPEN OUTPUT VAVCC 0V 3V 5V 0V Hi-Z
BVCC
CONTROL SIGNALS D8 SHDN 1 1 1 1 0 Output depends on AVCC Output depends on BVCC D6 B_VCC3 0 0 1 1 X D7 B_VCC5 0 1 0 1 X S4 CLOSED OPEN OPEN CLOSED OPEN INTERNAL SWITCH SETTINGS S5 OPEN CLOSED OPEN OPEN OPEN S6 OPEN OPEN CLOSED OPEN OPEN OUTPUT VBVCC 0V 3V 5V 0V Hi-Z
ESD protection
All TPS2202 inputs and outputs incorporate ESD-protection circuitry designed to withstand a 2-kV human-body-model discharge as defined in MIL-STD-883C, Method 3015. The VCC and Vpp outputs can be exposed to potentially higher discharges from the external environment through the PC Card connector. Bypassing the outputs with 0.1-F capacitors protects the devices from discharges up to 10 kV.
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TPS2202, TPS2202Y DUAL-SLOT PC CARD POWER-INTERFACE SWITCHES FOR SERIAL PCMCIA CONTROLLERS
SLVS103A - DECEMBER 1994 - REVISED AUGUST 1995
APPLICATION INFORMATION
5V
VDD AVCC AVCC 12 V 12V 12V BVCC BVCC BVCC TPS2202 AVPP 5V 5V 5V 5V 3V 3V 3V 3V BVPP BVPP DATA CLOCK LATCH 0.1 F DATA CLOCK LATCH PCMCIA Controller AVPP 0.1 F 0.1 F VCC VCC Vpp1 Vpp2 PC Card Connector B AVCC 0.1 F VCC VCC Vpp1 Vpp2
PC Card Connector A
APWR_GOOD BPWR_GOOD OC GND Shutdown Signal From CPU To CPU
AVPPGOOD BVPPGOOD CS
Figure 25. Detailed Interconnections and Capacitor Recommendations
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