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rfPIC12F675K/675F/675H Data Sheet
20-Pin FLASH-Based 8-Bit CMOS Microcontroller with UHF ASK/FSK Transmitter
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS70091A
Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: * * Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip's Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as "unbreakable."
*
* *
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break microchip's code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.
Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchip's products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights.
Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, KEELOQ, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PRO MATE and PowerSmart are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. FilterLab, microID, MXDEV, MXLAB, PICMASTER, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Accuron, Application Maestro, dsPIC, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, microPort, Migratable Memory, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, MPSIM, PICC, PICkit, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PowerCal, PowerInfo, PowerMate, PowerTool, rfLAB, rfPIC, Select Mode, SmartSensor, SmartShunt, SmartTel and Total Endurance are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. Serialized Quick Turn Programming (SQTP) is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. (c) 2003, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.
Printed on recycled paper. Microchip received QS-9000 quality system certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona in July 1999 and Mountain View, California in March 2002. The Company's quality system processes and procedures are QS-9000 compliant for its PICmicro(R) 8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ(R) code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, non-volatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchip's quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001 certified.
DS70091A - page ii
Preliminary
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfPIC12F675
FLASH-Based Microcontroller with ASK/FSK Transmitter
High Performance RISC CPU:
* Only 35 instructions to learn - All single cycle instructions except branches * Operating speed: - Precision Internal 4 MHz oscillator, factory calibrated to 1% - DC - 20 MHz Resonator/Crystal/Clock modes - DC - 20 MHz crystal oscillator/clock input - DC - 4 MHz external RC oscillator - DC - 4 MHz XT crystal oscillator - External Oscillator modes * Interrupt capability * 8-level deep hardware stack * Direct, Indirect and Relative Addressing modes
Pin Diagram:
SSOP
VDD
GP5/T1CKI/OSC1/CLKIN GP4/T1G/OSC2/CLKOUT
GP3/MCLR/VPP RFXTAL RFEN REFCLK PS VDDRF VSSRF
*1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
VSS
UHF ASK/FSK Transmitter:
* Integrated crystal oscillator, VCO, loop filter and power amp for minimum external components * ASK data rate: 0 - 40 Kbps * FSK data rate: 0 - 40 Kbps by crystal pulling * Output power: +10 dBm to -12 dBm in 4 steps * Adjustable transmitter power consumption * Transmit frequency set by crystal multiplied by 32 * VCO phase locked to quartz crystal reference; allows narrow band receivers to be used to maximize range and interference immunity * Crystal frequency divide by 4 available (REFCLK) * Used in applications conforming to US FCC Part 15.231 and European EN 300 220 regulations
rfPIC12F675K/F/H
GP0/CIN+/ICSPDAT GP1/CIN-/ICSPCLK GP2/T0CKI/INT/COUT
FSKOUT DATAFSK DATAASK LF VSSRF ANT
Peripheral Features:
* Memory - 1024 x 14 words of FLASH program memory - 128 x 8 bytes of EEPROM data memory - 64 x 8 bytes of SRAM data memory - 100,000 write FLASH endurance - 1,000,000 write EEPROM endurance - FLASH/data EEPROM retention: > 40 years * Programmable code protection * 6 I/O pins with individual direction control, weak pull-ups, and interrupt-on-pin change * High current sink/source for direct LED drive * Analog comparator: 16 internal reference levels * Analog-to-Digital Converter: 10 bits, 4 channels * Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler * Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with 3-bit prescaler * Timer1 can use LP oscillator in INTOSC mode * 5 s wake-up from SLEEP typical with VDD = 3V * In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM (ICSPTM)
Applications:
* * * * * * * * * Automotive Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) systems Automotive alarm systems Community gate and garage door openers Burglar alarm systems Building access Low power telemetry Meter reading Tire pressure sensors Wireless sensors
Low Power Features:
* Low power consumption: (typical with VDD = 3V) - 14 mA transmitting +6 dBm at 434 MHz - 4 mA transmitting -15 dBm at 434 MHz - 500 A, 4.0 MHz INTOSC - 0.6 A SLEEP with watchdog enabled - 0.1 A standby current * Wide operating voltage range from 2.0 - 5.5V * Industrial and Extended temperature range
Device rfPIC12F675K rfPIC12F675F RFPIC12F675H
Frequency 290-350 MHz 380-450 MHz 850-930 MHz
Modulation ASK/FSK ASK/FSK ASK/FSK
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS70091A-page 1
rfPIC12F675
Table of Contents
1.0 Device Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3 2.0 Memory Organization..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 3.0 GPIO Port ................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 4.0 Timer0 Module............................................................................................................................................................................ 25 5.0 Timer1 Module with Gate Control ............................................................................................................................................... 28 6.0 Comparator Module .................................................................................................................................................................... 33 7.0 Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D) Module .................................................................................................................................. 39 8.0 Data EEPROM Memory.............................................................................................................................................................. 45 9.0 UHF ASK/FSK Transmitter ......................................................................................................................................................... 49 10.0 Special Features of the CPU ...................................................................................................................................................... 55 11.0 Instruction Set Summary ............................................................................................................................................................ 73 12.0 Development Support ................................................................................................................................................................. 81 13.0 Electrical Specifications .............................................................................................................................................................. 87 14.0 DC and AC Characteristics Graphs and Tables ....................................................................................................................... 113 15.0 Packaging Information .............................................................................................................................................................. 123 Appendix A: Data Sheet Revision History.......................................................................................................................................... 125 Index ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 127 On-Line Support................................................................................................................................................................................ 131 Systems Information and Upgrade Hot Line ..................................................................................................................................... 131 Reader Response ............................................................................................................................................................................. 132 Product Identification System............................................................................................................................................................ 133
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DS70091A-page 2
Preliminary
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfPIC12F675
1.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW
This document contains device specific information for the rfPIC12F675. Additional information may be found in the PICmicroTM Mid-Range Reference Manual (DS33023), which may be obtained from your local Microchip Sales Representative or downloaded from the Microchip web site. The Reference Manual should be considered a complementary document to this Data Sheet, and is highly recommended reading for a better understanding of the device architecture and operation of the peripheral modules. The rfPIC12F675 comes in a 20-pin SSOP package. Figure 1-1 shows a block diagram of the rfPIC12F675 device. Table 1-1 shows the pinout description.
FIGURE 1-1:
rfPIC12F675 BLOCK DIAGRAM
13 FLASH Program Memory 1K x 14 8-Level Stack (13-bit) Program Counter Data Bus 8 GP0/AN0/CIN+ GP1/AN1/CIN-/VREF GP2/AN2/T0CKI/INT/COUT GP3/MCLR/VPP GP4/AN3/T1G/OSC2/CLKOUT GP5/T1CKI/OSC1/CLKIN RAM Addr(1)
Program Bus
RAM File Registers 64 x 8 9
14
Instruction Reg Direct Addr 7
Addr MUX 8 Indirect Addr Clock Divider REFCLK
FSR Reg Internal 4 MHz Oscillator Instruction Decode & Control Timing Generation OSC1/CLKIN OSC2/CLKOUT VDD, VSS 8 3 Power-up Timer Oscillator Start-up Timer Power-on Reset Watchdog Timer Brown-out Detect 8 W Reg Divide by 32 STATUS Reg
MUX
Crystal Oscillator
RFXTAL
ALU
Phase/Freq Detector
Charge Pump LF Voltage Controlled Oscillator
T1G T1CKI
Timer0 T0CKI
Timer1 PS DATAASK Analog Comparator and reference RF Power Amplifier ANT
Analog to Digital Converter
EEDATA 8 128 bytes DATA EEPROM EEADDR
RFEN
RF Control Logic
VDDRF VSSRF VSSRF
DATAFSK FSK Switch FSKOUT
CIN- CIN+ COUT VREF AN0 AN1 AN2 AN3
Note 1: Higher order bits are from STATUS register.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS70091A-page 3
rfPIC12F675
TABLE 1-1:
PIN IN 1 VDD GP5 2 T1CKI OSC1 CLKIN GP4 3 T1G AN3 OSC2 CLKOUT GP3 4 MCLR VPP RFXTAL RFEN Direct TTL ST Xtal ST TTL ST Analog -- -- TTL ST HV Xtal TTL OUT -- CMOS -- -- -- CMOS -- -- Xtal CMOS -- -- -- Xtal -- No -- Bias --
rfPIC12F675 PINOUT
BUFFER WEAK PULL-UP -- Prog -- Bias -- Prog -- -- Bias -- DESCRIPTION Power Supply General purpose I/O. Individually controlled interrupt-on-change. Individually enabled pull-up. Timer1 clock XTAL connection External RC network or clock input General purpose I/O. Individually controlled interrupt-on-change. Individually enabled pull-up. Timer1 gate A/D Channel 3 input XTAL connection TOSC/4 reference clock General purpose input. Individually controlled interrupt-onchange.
Master Clear Reset Programming voltage 5 RF Crystal 6 RF Enable Reference Clock/4 Output (on rfPIC12F675K/F) 7 REFCLK -- CMOS -- Reference Clock/8 Output (on RFPIC12F675H) 8 PS Analog -- Bias Power Select 9 VDDRF Direct -- -- RF Power Supply 10 VSSRF Direct -- -- RF Ground Reference 11 ANT -- OD -- RF power amp output to antenna Direct -- -- RF Ground Reference 12 VSSRF 13 LF Analog Analog -- Loop Filter TTL -- -- ASK modulation data 14 DATAASK TTL -- -- FSK modulation data 15 DATAFSK -- OD -- FSK output to modulate reference crystal 16 FSKOUT General purpose I/O. Individually controlled interrupt-on-change. GP2 ST CMOS Prog Individually enabled pull up. AN2 Analog -- -- A/D Channel 2 input 17 COUT -- CMOS -- Comparator output T0CKI ST -- -- External clock for Timer0 INT ST -- -- External interrupt General purpose I/O. Individually controlled interrupt-on-change. GP1 TTL CMOS Prog Individually enabled pull-up. AN1 Analog -- -- A/D Channel 1 input 18 CINAnalog -- -- Comparator input - negative VREF Analog -- -- External voltage reference ICSPCLK ST -- -- Serial programming clock General purpose I/O. Individually controlled interrupt-on-change. GP0 TTL CMOS Prog Individually enabled pull-up. AN0 Analog -- -- A/D Channel 0 input 19 CIN+ Analog -- -- Comparator input - positive ICSPDAT TTL CMOS -- Serial Programming Data I/O 20 VSS Direct -- -- Ground reference Legend: TTL = TTL input buffer, ST = Schmitt Trigger input buffer, OD = Open Drain output
DS70091A-page 4
Preliminary
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfPIC12F675
2.0
2.1
MEMORY ORGANIZATION
Program Memory Organization
2.2
Data Memory Organization
The rfPIC12F675 devices have a 13-bit program counter capable of addressing an 8K x 14 program memory space. Only the first 1K x 14 (0000h - 03FFh) for the rfPIC12F675 devices is physically implemented. Accessing a location above these boundaries will cause a wrap around within the first 1K x 14 space. The RESET vector is at 0000h and the interrupt vector is at 0004h (see Figure 2-1).
The data memory (see Figure 2-2) is partitioned into two banks, which contain the General Purpose registers and the Special Function registers. The Special Function registers are located in the first 32 locations of each bank. Register locations 20h-5Fh are General Purpose registers, implemented as static RAM and are mapped across both banks. All other RAM is unimplemented and returns `0' when read. RP0 (STATUS<5>) is the bank select bit. * RP0 = 0 Bank 0 is selected * RP0 = 1 Bank 1 is selected Note: The IRP and RP1 bits STATUS<7:6> are reserved and should always be maintained as `0's.
FIGURE 2-1:
PROGRAM MEMORY MAP AND STACK FOR THE rfPIC12F675
PC<12:0>
CALL, RETURN RETFIE, RETLW
2.2.1
13
GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER FILE
Stack Level 1 Stack Level 2 Stack Level 8 RESET Vector 000h
The register file is organized as 64 x 8 in the rfPIC12F675 devices. Each register is accessed, either directly or indirectly, through the File Select Register FSR (see Section 2.4).
Interrupt Vector
0004 0005
On-chip Program Memory 03FFh 0400h
1FFFh
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS70091A-page 5
rfPIC12F675
2.2.2 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS FIGURE 2-2:
The Special Function registers are registers used by the CPU and peripheral functions for controlling the desired operation of the device (see Table 2-1). These registers are static RAM. The special registers can be classified into two sets: core and peripheral. The Special Function registers associated with the "core" are described in this section. Those related to the operation of the peripheral features are described in the section of that peripheral feature.
DATA MEMORY MAP OF THE rfPIC12F675
File Address File Address Indirect addr.(1) OPTION_REG PCL STATUS FSR TRISIO 80h 81h 82h 83h 84h 85h 86h 87h 88h 89h 8Ah 8Bh 8Ch 8Dh 8Eh 8Fh 90h 91h 92h 93h 94h 95h 96h 97h 98h 99h 9Ah 9Bh 9Ch 9Dh 9Eh 9Fh A0h
Indirect addr.(1) TMR0 PCL STATUS FSR GPIO
PCLATH INTCON PIR1 TMR1L TMR1H T1CON
CMCON
ADRESH ADCON0
00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 0Ah 0Bh 0Ch 0Dh 0Eh 0Fh 10h 11h 12h 13h 14h 15h 16h 17h 18h 19h 1Ah 1Bh 1Ch 1Dh 1Eh 1Fh 20h
PCLATH INTCON PIE1 PCON OSCCAL
WPU IOC
VRCON EEDATA EEADR EECON1 EECON2(1) ADRESL ANSEL
General Purpose Registers 64 Bytes
accesses 20h-5Fh
5Fh 60h
DFh E0h
7Fh Bank 0 Bank 1
FFh
1:
Unimplemented data memory locations, read as '0'. Not a physical register.
DS70091A-page 6
Preliminary
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfPIC12F675
TABLE 2-1:
Address Bank 0 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 0Ah 0Bh 0Ch 0Dh 0Eh 0Fh 10h 11h 12h 13h 14h 15h 16h 17h 18h 19h 1Ah 1Bh 1Ch 1Dh 1Eh 1Fh INDF(1) TMR0 PCL STATUS FSR GPIO -- -- -- -- PCLATH INTCON PIR1 -- TMR1L TMR1H T1CON -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- CMCON -- -- -- -- ADRESH ADCON0 Addressing this Location uses Contents of FSR to Address Data Memory Timer0 Module's Register Program Counter's (PC) Least Significant Byte IRP(2) RP1(2) RP0 TO PD Z DC C 0000 0000 xxxx xxxx 0000 0000 0001 1xxx xxxx xxxx GPIO4 GPIO3 GPIO2 GPIO1 GPIO0 --xx xxxx -- -- -- -- -- PEIE ADIF -- T0IE -- Write Buffer for Upper 5 bits of Program Counter INTE -- GPIE CMIF T0IF -- INTF -- GPIF TMR1IF ---0 0000 0000 0000 00-- 0--0 -- xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx TMR1CS TMR1ON -000 0000 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 16,63 25 15 9 16 17 -- -- -- -- 15 11 13 -- 28 28 30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 33 -- -- -- -- 40 41,63
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS SUMMARY
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOD Page
Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer -- Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented -- GIE EEIF -- GPIO5
Unimplemented Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit Timer1 Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit Timer1 -- TMR1GE T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC
Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented --
COUT
CINV
CIS
CM2
CM1
CM0
-0-0 0000 -- -- -- -- xxxx xxxx
Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented Most Significant 8 bits of the Left Shifted A/D Result or 2 bits of the Right Shifted Result ADFM VCFG -- -- CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE ADON
00-- 0000
-- = unimplemented locations read as `0', u = unchanged, x = unknown, q = value depends on condition, shaded = unimplemented Note 1: This is not a physical register. 2: These bits are reserved and should always be maintained as `0'.
Legend:
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS70091A-page 7
rfPIC12F675
TABLE 2-1:
Address Bank 1 80h 81h 82h 83h 84h 85h 86h 87h 88h 89h 8Ah 8Bh 8Ch 8Dh 8Eh 8Fh 90h 91h 92h 93h 94h 95h 96h 97h 98h 99h 9Ah 9Bh 9Ch 9Dh 9Eh 9Fh WPU IOC -- -- VRCON EEDATA EEADR EECON1 EECON2(1) ADRESL ANSEL PCON -- OSCCAL -- -- -- -- INDF(1) OPTION_REG PCL STATUS FSR TRISIO -- -- -- -- PCLATH INTCON PIE1 -- Addressing this Location uses Contents of FSR to Address Data Memory GPPU
(2)
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOD Page
0000 0000 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 0000 0000
16,63 10,26 15 9 16 17 -- -- -- -- 15 11 12 -- 14 -- 14 -- -- -- -- 18 19 -- -- 38 45 45 46 46 40 42,63
INTEDG
(2)
T0CS
T0SE
PSA
PS2
Program Counter's (PC) Least Significant Byte IRP RP1 RP0 TO PD Z DC C
0001 1xxx xxxx xxxx
Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer -- Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented -- GIE EEIE -- PEIE ADIE -- T0IE -- Write Buffer for Upper 5 bits of Program Counter INTE -- GPIE CMIE T0IF -- INTF -- GPIF TMR1IE -- TRISIO5 TRISIO4 TRISIO3 TRISIO2 TRISIO1 TRISIO0
--11 1111 -- -- -- -- ---0 0000 0000 0000 00-- 0--0 --
Unimplemented -- Unimplemented CAL5 CAL4 CAL3 CAL2 CAL1 CAL0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- POR BOD
---- --0x -- 1000 00--- -- -- --
Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented -- -- Unimplemented Unimplemented VREN -- -- -- WPU5 IOC5 WPU4 IOC4 -- IOC3 WPU2 IOC2 WPU1 IOC1 WPU0 IOC0
--11 -111 --00 0000 -- --
VRR
--
VR3
VR2
VR1
VR0
0-0- 0000 0000 0000 -000 0000
Data EEPROM Data Register -- -- Data EEPROM Address Register -- -- -- WRERR WREN WR RD
---- x000 ---- ---xxxx xxxx
EEPROM Control Register 2 Least Significant 2 bits of the Left Shifted A/D Result of 8 bits or the Right Shifted Result -- ADCS2 ADCS1 ADCS0 ANS3 ANS2 ANS1 ANS0
-000 1111
-- = unimplemented locations read as `0', u = unchanged, x = unknown, q = value depends on condition, shaded = unimplemented Note 1: This is not a physical register. 2: These bits are reserved and should always be maintained as `0'.
Legend:
DS70091A-page 8
Preliminary
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfPIC12F675
2.2.2.1 STATUS Register
The STATUS register, shown in Register 2-1, contains: * the arithmetic status of the ALU * the RESET status * the bank select bits for data memory (SRAM) The STATUS register can be the destination for any instruction, like any other register. If the STATUS register is the destination for an instruction that affects the Z, DC or C bits, then the write to these three bits is disabled. These bits are set or cleared according to the device logic. Furthermore, the TO and PD bits are not writable. Therefore, the result of an instruction with the STATUS register as destination may be different than intended. For example, CLRF STATUS will clear the upper three bits and set the Z bit. This leaves the STATUS register as 000u u1uu (where u = unchanged). It is recommended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF, SWAPF and MOVWF instructions are used to alter the STATUS register, because these instructions do not affect any STATUS bits. For other instructions not affecting any STATUS bits, see the "Instruction Set Summary". Note 1: Bits IRP and RP1 (STATUS<7:6>) are not used by the rfPIC12F675 and should be maintained as clear. Use of these bits is not recommended, since this may affect upward compatibility with future products. 2: The C and DC bits operate as a Borrow and Digit Borrow out bit, respectively, in subtraction. See the SUBLW and SUBWF instructions for examples.
REGISTER 2-1:
STATUS -- STATUS REGISTER (ADDRESS: 03h OR 83h)
Reserved Reserved IRP bit 7 RP1 R/W-0 RP0 R-1 TO R-1 PD R/W-x Z R/W-x DC R/W-x C bit 0
bit 7 bit 6 bit 5
IRP: This bit is reserved and should be maintained as `0' RP1: This bit is reserved and should be maintained as `0' RP0: Register Bank Select bit (used for direct addressing) 1 = Bank 1 (80h - FFh) 0 = Bank 0 (00h - 7Fh) TO: Time-out bit 1 = After power-up, CLRWDT instruction, or SLEEP instruction 0 = A WDT time-out occurred PD: Power-down bit 1 = After power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction 0 = By execution of the SLEEP instruction Z: Zero bit 1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero 0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero DC: Digit carry/borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructions) For borrow, the polarity is reversed. 1 = A carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred 0 = No carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result C: Carry/borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW, SUBLW, SUBWF instructions) 1 = A carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred 0 = No carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred Note: For borrow the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the two's complement of the second operand. For rotate (RRF, RLF) instructions, this bit is loaded with either the high or low order bit of the source register
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS70091A-page 9
rfPIC12F675
2.2.2.2 OPTION Register
Note: To achieve a 1:1 prescaler assignment for TMR0, assign the prescaler to the WDT by setting PSA bit to `1' (OPTION<3>). See Section 4.4. The OPTION register is a readable and writable register, which contains various control bits to configure: * * * * TMR0/WDT prescaler External GP2/INT interrupt TMR0 Weak pull-ups on GPIO
REGISTER 2-2:
OPTION_REG -- OPTION REGISTER (ADDRESS: 81h)
R/W-1 GPPU bit 7 R/W-1 INTEDG R/W-1 T0CS R/W-1 T0SE R/W-1 PSA R/W-1 PS2 R/W-1 PS1 R/W-1 PS0 bit 0
bit 7
GPPU: GPIO Pull-up Enable bit 1 = GPIO pull-ups are disabled 0 = GPIO pull-ups are enabled by individual port latch values INTEDG: Interrupt Edge Select bit 1 = Interrupt on rising edge of GP2/INT pin 0 = Interrupt on falling edge of GP2/INT pin T0CS: TMR0 Clock Source Select bit 1 = Transition on GP2/T0CKI pin 0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKOUT) T0SE: TMR0 Source Edge Select bit 1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on GP2/T0CKI pin 0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on GP2/T0CKI pin PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit 1 = Prescaler is assigned to the WDT 0 = Prescaler is assigned to the TIMER0 module PS2:PS0: Prescaler Rate Select bits Bit Value TMR0 Rate WDT Rate 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 1:2 1:4 1:8 1 : 16 1 : 32 1 : 64 1 : 128 1 : 256 1:1 1:2 1:4 1:8 1 : 16 1 : 32 1 : 64 1 : 128
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2-0
Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
DS70091A-page 10
Preliminary
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfPIC12F675
2.2.2.3 INTCON Register
Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the global enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an interrupt. The INTCON register is a readable and writable register, which contains the various enable and flag bits for TMR0 register overflow, GPIO port change and external GP2/INT pin interrupts.
REGISTER 2-3:
INTCON -- INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS: 0Bh OR 8Bh)
R/W-0 GIE bit 7 R/W-0 PEIE R/W-0 T0IE R/W-0 INTE R/W-0 GPIE R/W-0 T0IF R/W-0 INTF R/W-0 GPIF bit 0
bit 7
GIE: Global Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables all unmasked interrupts 0 = Disables all interrupts PEIE: Peripheral Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables all unmasked peripheral interrupts 0 = Disables all peripheral interrupts T0IE: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the TMR0 interrupt 0 = Disables the TMR0 interrupt INTE: GP2/INT External Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the GP2/INT external interrupt 0 = Disables the GP2/INT external interrupt GPIE: Port Change Interrupt Enable bit(1) 1 = Enables the GPIO port change interrupt 0 = Disables the GPIO port change interrupt T0IF: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit(2) 1 = TMR0 register has overflowed (must be cleared in software) 0 = TMR0 register did not overflow INTF: GP2/INT External Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The GP2/INT external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = The GP2/INT external interrupt did not occur GPIF: Port Change Interrupt Flag bit 1 = When at least one of the GP5:GP0 pins changed state (must be cleared in software) 0 = None of the GP5:GP0 pins have changed state Note 1: IOC register must also be enabled to enable an interrupt-on-change. 2: T0IF bit is set when TIMER0 rolls over. TIMER0 is unchanged on RESET and should be initialized before clearing T0IF bit. Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
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2.2.2.4 PIE1 Register
Note: Bit PEIE (INTCON<6>) must be set to enable any peripheral interrupt. The PIE1 register contains the interrupt enable bits, as shown in Register 2-4.
REGISTER 2-4:
PIE1 -- PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER 1 (ADDRESS: 8Ch)
R/W-0 EEIE bit 7 R/W-0 ADIE U-0
--
U-0
--
R/W-0 CMIE
U-0
--
U-0
--
R/W-0 TMR1IE bit 0
bit 7
EEIE: EE Write Complete Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the EE write complete interrupt 0 = Disables the EE write complete interrupt ADIE: A/D Converter Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the A/D converter interrupt 0 = Disables the A/D converter interrupt Unimplemented: Read as `0' CMIE: Comparator Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the comparator interrupt 0 = Disables the comparator interrupt Unimplemented: Read as `0' TMR1IE: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the TMR1 overflow interrupt 0 = Disables the TMR1 overflow interrupt Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 6
bit 5-4 bit 3
bit 2-1 bit 0
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2.2.2.5 PIR1 Register
Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the global enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an interrupt. The PIR1 register contains the interrupt flag bits, as shown in Register 2-5.
REGISTER 2-5:
PIR1 -- PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT REGISTER 1 (ADDRESS: 0Ch)
R/W-0 EEIF bit 7 R/W-0 ADIF U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 CMIF U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 TMR1IF bit 0
bit 7
EEIF: EEPROM Write Operation Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The write operation completed (must be cleared in software) 0 = The write operation has not completed or has not been started ADIF: A/D Converter Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The A/D conversion is complete (must be cleared in software) 0 = The A/D conversion is not complete Unimplemented: Read as `0' CMIF: Comparator Interrupt Flag bit 1 = Comparator input has changed (must be cleared in software) 0 = Comparator input has not changed Unimplemented: Read as `0' TMR1IF: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit 1 = TMR1 register overflowed (must be cleared in software) 0 = TMR1 register did not overflow Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 6
bit 5-4 bit 3
bit 2-1 bit 0
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2.2.2.6 PCON Register
The Power Control (PCON) register contains flag bits to differentiate between a: * * * * Power-on Reset (POR) Brown-out Detect (BOD) Watchdog Timer Reset (WDT) External MCLR Reset
The PCON Register bits are shown in Register 2-6.
REGISTER 2-6:
PCON -- POWER CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS: 8Eh)
U-0 -- bit 7 U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 POR R/W-x BOD bit 0
bit 7-2 bit 1
Unimplemented: Read as '0' POR: Power-on Reset STATUS bit 1 = No Power-on Reset occurred 0 = A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs) BOD: Brown-out Detect STATUS bit 1 = No Brown-out Detect occurred 0 = A Brown-out Detect occurred (must be set in software after a Brown-out Detect occurs) Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 0
2.2.2.7
OSCCAL Register
The Oscillator Calibration register (OSCCAL) is used to calibrate the internal 4 MHz oscillator. It contains 6 bits to adjust the frequency up or down to achieve 4 MHz. The OSCCAL register bits are shown in Register 2-7.
REGISTER 2-7:
OSCCAL -- OSCILLATOR CALIBRATION REGISTER (ADDRESS: 90h)
R/W-1 CAL5 bit 7 R/W-0 CAL4 R/W-0 CAL3 R/W-0 CAL2 R/W-0 CAL1 R/W-0 CAL0 U-0 -- U-0 -- bit 0
bit 7-2
CAL5:CAL0: 6-bit Signed Oscillator Calibration bits 111111 = Maximum frequency 100000 = Center frequency 000000 = Minimum frequency Unimplemented: Read as '0' Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 1-0
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2.3 PCL and PCLATH
2.3.2 STACK
The program counter (PC) is 13-bits wide. The low byte comes from the PCL register, which is a readable and writable register. The high byte (PC<12:8>) is not directly readable or writable and comes from PCLATH. On any RESET, the PC is cleared. Figure 2-3 shows the two situations for the loading of the PC. The upper example in Figure 2-3 shows how the PC is loaded on a write to PCL (PCLATH<4:0> PCH). The lower example in Figure 2-3 shows how the PC is loaded during a CALL or GOTO instruction (PCLATH<4:3> PCH). The rfPIC12F675 Family has an 8-level deep x 13-bit wide hardware stack (see Figure 2-1). The stack space is not part of either program or data space and the stack pointer is not readable or writable. The PC is PUSHed onto the stack when a CALL instruction is executed, or an interrupt causes a branch. The stack is POPed in the event of a RETURN, RETLW or a RETFIE instruction execution. PCLATH is not affected by a PUSH or POP operation. The stack operates as a circular buffer. This means that after the stack has been PUSHed eight times, the ninth push overwrites the value that was stored from the first push. The tenth push overwrites the second push (and so on). Note 1: There are no STATUS bits to indicate stack overflow or stack underflow conditions. 2: There are no instructions/mnemonics called PUSH or POP. These are actions that occur from the execution of the CALL, RETURN, RETLW and RETFIE instructions, or the vectoring to an interrupt address.
FIGURE 2-3:
PCH 12 PC 5 8 7
LOADING OF PC IN DIFFERENT SITUATIONS
PCL 0 Instruction with PCL as Destination ALU result
PCLATH<4:0>
8
PCLATH PCH 12 PC 2 PCLATH<4:3> 11 Opcode <10:0> PCLATH 11 10 8 7 PCL 0 GOTO, CALL
2.3.1
COMPUTED GOTO
A computed GOTO is accomplished by adding an offset to the program counter (ADDWF PCL). When performing a table read using a computed GOTO method, care should be exercised if the table location crosses a PCL memory boundary (each 256-byte block). Refer to the Application Note "Implementing a Table Read" (AN556).
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2.4 Indirect Addressing, INDF and FSR Registers
A simple program to clear RAM location 20h-2Fh using indirect addressing is shown in Example 2-1. The INDF register is not a physical register. Addressing the INDF register will cause indirect addressing. Indirect addressing is possible by using the INDF register. Any instruction using the INDF register actually accesses data pointed to by the File Select register (FSR). Reading INDF itself indirectly will produce 00h. Writing to the INDF register indirectly results in a no operation (although STATUS bits may be affected). An effective 9-bit address is obtained by concatenating the 8-bit FSR register and the IRP bit (STATUS<7>), as shown in Figure 2-4.
EXAMPLE 2-1:
movlw movwf clrf incf btfss goto
INDIRECT ADDRESSING
0x20 FSR INDF FSR FSR,4 NEXT ;initialize pointer ;to RAM ;clear INDF register ;inc pointer ;all done? ;no clear next ;yes continue
NEXT
CONTINUE
FIGURE 2-4:
DIRECT/INDIRECT ADDRESSING rfPIC12F675
Indirect Addressing 0 IRP(1) 7 FSR Register 0
Direct Addressing RP1(1) RP0 6 From Opcode
Bank Select Location Select 00 00h 01 10 11
Bank Select 180h
Location Select
Data Memory
Not Used
7Fh Bank 0 For memory map detail see Figure 2-2. Note 1: The RP1 and IRP bits are reserved; always maintain these bits clear. Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 3
1FFh
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3.0 GPIO PORT
There are as many as six general purpose I/O pins available. Depending on which peripherals are enabled, some or all of the pins may not be available as general purpose I/O. In general, when a peripheral is enabled, the associated pin may not be used as a general purpose I/O pin. Note: Additional information on I/O ports may be found in the PICmicroTM Mid-Range Reference Manual (DS33023) register are maintained set when using them as analog inputs. I/O pins configured as analog inputs always read `0'. Note: The ANSEL (9Fh) and CMCON (19h) registers (9Fh) must be initialized to configure an analog channel as a digital input. Pins configured as analog inputs will read `0'.
EXAMPLE 3-1:
bcf clrf movlw movwf bsf clrf movlw movwf STATUS,RP0 GPIO 07h CMCON STATUS,RP0 ANSEL 0Ch TRISIO
INITIALIZING GPIO
;Bank 0 ;Init GPIO ;Set GP<2:0> to ;digital IO ;Bank 1 ;Digital I/O ;Set GP<3:2> as inputs ;and set GP<5:4,1:0> ;as outputs
3.1
GPIO and the TRISIO Registers
GPIO is an 6-bit wide, bi-directional port. The corresponding data direction register is TRISIO. Setting a TRISIO bit (= 1) will make the corresponding GPIO pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a Hi-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISIO bit (= 0) will make the corresponding GPIO pin an output (i.e., put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). The exception is GP3, which is input only and its TRISIO bit will always read as `1'. Example 3-1 shows how to initialize GPIO. Reading the GPIO register reads the status of the pins, whereas writing to it will write to the port latch. All write operations are read-modify-write operations. Therefore, a write to a port implies that the port pins are read, this value is modified, and then written to the port data latch. GP3 reads `0' when MCLREN = 1. The TRISIO register controls the direction of the GP pins, even when they are being used as analog inputs. The user must ensure the bits in the TRISIO
3.2
Additional Pin Functions
Every GPIO pin on the rfPIC12F675 has an interrupton-change option and every GPIO pin, except GP3, has a weak pull-up option. The next two sections describe these functions.
3.2.1
WEAK PULL-UP
Each of the GPIO pins, except GP3, has an individually configurable weak internal pull-up. Control bits WPUx enable or disable each pull-up. Refer to Register 3-3. Each weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are disabled on a Power-on Reset by the GPPU bit (OPTION<7>).
REGISTER 3-1:
GPIO -- GPIO REGISTER (ADDRESS: 05h)
U-0 -- bit 7 U-0 -- R/W-x GPIO5 R/W-x GPIO4 R/W-x GPIO3 R/W-x GPIO2 R/W-x GPIO1 R/W-x GPIO0 bit 0
bit 7-6: bit 5-0:
Unimplemented: Read as '0' GPIO<5:0>: General Purpose I/O pin. 1 = Port pin is >VIH 0 = Port pin is 2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
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REGISTER 3-2: TRISIO -- GPIO TRISTATE REGISTER (ADDRESS: 85h)
U-0 -- bit 7 bit 7-6: bit 5-0: Unimplemented: Read as '0' TRISIO<5:0>: General Purpose I/O Tri-State Control bit 1 = GPIO pin configured as an input (tri-stated) 0 = GPIO pin configured as an output. Note: Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown TRISIO<3> always reads 1. U-0 -- R/W-x TRISIO5 R/W-x TRISIO4 R-1 TRISIO3 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x TRISIO0 bit 0 TRISIO2 TRISIO1
REGISTER 3-3:
WPU -- WEAK PULL-UP REGISTER (ADDRESS: 95h)
U-0 -- bit 7 U-0 -- R/W-1 WPU5 R/W-1 WPU4 U-0 -- R/W-1 WPU2 R/W-1 WPU1 R/W-1 WPU0 bit 0
bit 7-6 bit 5-4
Unimplemented: Read as `0' WPU<5:4>: Weak Pull-up Register bit 1 = Pull-up enabled 0 = Pull-up disabled Unimplemented: Read as `0' WPU<2:0>: Weak Pull-up Register bit 1 = Pull-up enabled 0 = Pull-up disabled Note 1: Global GPPU must be enabled for individual pull-ups to be enabled. 2: The weak pull-up device is automatically disabled if the pin is in Output mode (TRISIO = 0). Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 3 bit 2-0
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3.2.2 INTERRUPT-ON-CHANGE
Each of the GPIO pins is individually configurable as an interrupt-on-change pin. Control bits IOC enable or disable the interrupt function for each pin. Refer to Register 3-4. The interrupt-on-change is disabled on a Power-on Reset. For enabled interrupt-on-change pins, the values are compared with the old value latched on the last read of GPIO. The `mismatch' outputs of the last read are OR'd together to set, the GP Port Change Interrupt flag bit (GPIF) in the INTCON register. This interrupt can wake the device from SLEEP. The user, in the Interrupt Service Routine, can clear the interrupt in the following manner: a) b) Any read or write of GPIO. This will end the mismatch condition. Clear the flag bit GPIF.
A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit GPIF. Reading GPIO will end the mismatch condition and allow flag bit GPIF to be cleared. Note: If a change on the I/O pin should occur when the read operation is being executed (start of the Q2 cycle), then the GPIF interrupt flag may not get set.
REGISTER 3-4:
IOC -- INTERRUPT-ON-CHANGE GPIO REGISTER (ADDRESS: 96h)
U-0 -- bit 7 U-0 -- R/W-0 IOC5 R/W-0 IOC4 R/W-0 IOC3 R/W-0 IOC2 R/W-0 IOC1 R/W-0 IOC0 bit 0
bit 7-6 bit 5-0
Unimplemented: Read as `0' IOC<5:0>: Interrupt-on-Change GPIO Control bit 1 = Interrupt-on-change enabled 0 = Interrupt-on-change disabled Note 1: Global interrupt enable (GIE) must be enabled for individual interrupts to be recognized. Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
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3.3 Pin Descriptions and Diagrams
FIGURE 3-1:
Each GPIO pin is multiplexed with other functions. The pins and their combined functions are briefly described here. For specific information about individual functions such as the comparator or the A/D, refer to the appropriate section in this Data Sheet.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GP0 AND GP1 PINS
Analog Input Mode Q Q GPPU VDD Weak
Data Bus WR WPU RD WPU
D CK
3.3.1
GP0/AN0/CIN+
Figure 3-1 shows the diagram for this pin. The GP0 pin is configurable to function as one of the following: * a general purpose I/O * an analog input for the A/D * an analog input to the comparator
D WR PORT CK Q Q I/O pin D WR TRISIO RD TRISIO RD PORT D WR IOC RD IOC CK Q Q Q EN Q D EN Interrupt-on-Change D CK Q Q Analog Input Mode VSS VDD
3.3.2
GP1/AN1/CIN-/VREF
Figure 3-1 shows the diagram for this pin. The GP1 pin is configurable to function as one of the following: * * * * as a general purpose I/O an analog input for the A/D an analog input to the comparator a voltage reference input for the A/D
RD PORT To Comparator To A/D Converter
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3.3.3 GP2/AN2/T0CKI/INT/COUT 3.3.4 GP3/MCLR/VPP
Figure 3-2 shows the diagram for this pin. The GP2 pin is configurable to function as one of the following: * * * * * a general purpose I/O an analog input for the A/D the clock input for TMR0 an external edge triggered interrupt a digital output from the comparator Figure 3-3 shows the diagram for this pin. The GP3 pin is configurable to function as one of the following: * a general purpose input * as Master Clear Reset
FIGURE 3-3:
Data Bus RESET
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GP3
MCLRE VSS MCLRE VSS
FIGURE 3-2:
Data Bus WR WPU RD WPU D CK Q Q
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GP2
Analog Input Mode VDD Weak GPPU Analog Input Mode VDD WR IOC RD IOC RD TRISIO RD PORT D CK
I/O pin
Q Q Q EN Q D EN D
COUT Enable D WR PORT CK Q Q COUT 1 0 D WR TRISIO RD TRISIO RD PORT D WR IOC RD IOC CK Q Q Q CK Q Q
Interrupt-on-Change RD PORT
I/O pin
VSS Analog Input Mode
D EN
Q
D EN
Interrupt-on-Change RD PORT
To TMR0 To INT To A/D Converter
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3.3.5 GP4/AN3/T1G/OSC2/CLKOUT 3.3.6 GP5/T1CKI/OSC1/CLKIN
Figure 3-4 shows the diagram for this pin. The GP4 pin is configurable to function as one of the following: * * * * * a general purpose I/O an analog input for the A/D a TMR1 gate input a crystal/resonator connection a clock output Figure 3-5 shows the diagram for this pin. The GP5 pin is configurable to function as one of the following: * * * * a general purpose I/O a TMR1 clock input a crystal/resonator connection a clock input
FIGURE 3-5: FIGURE 3-4: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GP4
Analog Input Mode Data Bus WR WPU RD WPU D CK Q Q GPPU Oscillator Circuit OSC1 CLKOUT Enable FOSC/4 D WR PORT CK Q Q CLKOUT Enable VSS D WR TRISIO RD TRISIO RD PORT D WR IOC RD IOC CK Q Q Q EN Q D EN D CK Q Q INTOSC/ RC/EC(2) CLKOUT Enable Analog Input Mode 1 0 I/O pin D WR TRISIO RD TRISIO RD PORT D WR IOC RD IOC CK Q CK Q Q VDD WR PORT D CK Q Q
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GP5
INTOSC Mode
CLK Modes(1) VDD Weak
Data Bus WR WPU RD WPU
TMR1LPEN(1) D CK Q Q GPPU Oscillator Circuit OSC2 VDD VDD Weak
I/O pin
VSS INTOSC Mode (2)
Q Q
D EN
Q
D EN
Interrupt-on-Change
Interrupt-on-Change
RD PORT RD PORT To TMR1 or CLKGEN
To TMR1 T1G To A/D Converter Note 1: CLK modes are XT, HS, LP, LPTMR1 and CLKOUT Enable. 2: With CLKOUT option. Note 1: Timer1 LP Oscillator enabled 2: When using Timer1 with LP oscillator, the Schmitt Trigger is by-passed.
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TABLE 3-1:
Address
05h 0Bh/8Bh 19h 81h 85h 95h 96h 9Fh
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH GPIO
Name Bit 7
-- GIE -- GPPU -- -- -- --
Bit 6
-- PEIE COUT INTEDG -- -- -- ADCS2
Bit 5
GP5 T0IE -- T0CS TRISIO5 WPU5 IOC5 ADCS1
Bit 4
GP4 INTE CINV T0SE TRISIO4 WPU4 IOC4 ADCS0
Bit 3
GP3 GPIE CIS PSA TRISIO3 -- IOC3 ANS3
Bit 2
GP2 T0IF CM2 PS2 TRISIO2 WPU2 IOC2 ANS2
Bit 1
GP1 INTF CM1 PS1 TRISIO1 WPU1 IOC1 ANS1
Bit 0
GP0 GPIF CM0 PS0 TRISIO0 WPU0 IOC0 ANS0
Value on: POR, BOD
--xx xxxx 0000 0000 -0-0 0000 1111 1111 --11 1111 --11 -111 --00 0000 -000 1111
Value on all other RESETS
--uu uuuu 0000 000u -0-0 0000 1111 1111 --11 1111 --11 -111 --00 0000 -000 1111
GPIO INTCON CMCON OPTION_REG TRISIO WPU IOC ANSEL
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented locations read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by GPIO.
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NOTES:
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4.0 TIMER0 MODULE
The Timer0 module timer/counter has the following features: * * * * * * 8-bit timer/counter Readable and writable 8-bit software programmable prescaler Internal or external clock select Interrupt on overflow from FFh to 00h Edge select for external clock Counter mode is selected by setting the T0CS bit (OPTION_REG<5>). In this mode, the Timer0 module will increment either on every rising or falling edge of pin GP2/T0CKI. The incrementing edge is determined by the source edge (T0SE) control bit (OPTION_REG<4>). Clearing the T0SE bit selects the rising edge. Note: Counter mode has specific external clock requirements. Additional information on these requirements is available in the PICmicroTM Mid-Range Reference Manual (DS33023).
Figure 4-1 is a block diagram of the Timer0 module and the prescaler shared with the WDT. Note: Additional information on the Timer0 module is available in the PICmicroTM MidRange Reference Manual (DS33023).
4.2
Timer0 Interrupt
4.1
Timer0 Operation
Timer mode is selected by clearing the T0CS bit (OPTION_REG<5>). In Timer mode, the Timer0 module will increment every instruction cycle (without prescaler). If TMR0 is written, the increment is inhibited for the following two instruction cycles. The user can work around this by writing an adjusted value to the TMR0 register.
A Timer0 interrupt is generated when the TMR0 register timer/counter overflows from FFh to 00h. This overflow sets the T0IF bit. The interrupt can be masked by clearing the T0IE bit (INTCON<5>). The T0IF bit (INTCON<2>) must be cleared in software by the Timer0 module Interrupt Service Routine before reenabling this interrupt. The Timer0 interrupt cannot wake the processor from SLEEP since the timer is shut-off during SLEEP.
FIGURE 4-1:
CLKOUT (= FOSC/4)
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE TIMER0/WDT PRESCALER
Data Bus 0 1 1 SYNC 2 Cycles 0 0 8-bit Prescaler 1 8 Set Flag bit T0IF on Overflow PSA TMR0 8
T0CKI pin T0SE T0CS
PSA
PS0 - PS2 Watchdog Timer
1 WDT Time-out 0
WDTE Note 1: T0SE, T0CS, PSA, PS0-PS2 are bits in the Option register.
PSA
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4.3 Using Timer0 with an External Clock
a small RC delay of 20 ns) and low for at least 2TOSC (and a small RC delay of 20 ns). Refer to the electrical specification of the desired device. Note: The ANSEL (9Fh) and CMCON (19h) registers must be initialized to configure an analog channel as a digital input. Pins configured as analog inputs will read `0'. When no prescaler is used, the external clock input is the same as the prescaler output. The synchronization of T0CKI, with the internal phase clocks, is accomplished by sampling the prescaler output on the Q2 and Q4 cycles of the internal phase clocks. Therefore, it is necessary for T0CKI to be high for at least 2TOSC (and
REGISTER 4-1:
OPTION_REG -- OPTION REGISTER (ADDRESS: 81h)
R/W-1 GPPU bit 7 R/W-1 INTEDG R/W-1 T0CS R/W-1 T0SE R/W-1 PSA R/W-1 PS2 R/W-1 PS1 R/W-1 PS0 bit 0
bit 7
GPPU: GPIO Pull-up Enable bit 1 = GPIO pull-ups are disabled 0 = GPIO pull-ups are enabled by individual port latch values INTEDG: Interrupt Edge Select bit 1 = Interrupt on rising edge of GP2/INT pin 0 = Interrupt on falling edge of GP2/INT pin T0CS: TMR0 Clock Source Select bit 1 = Transition on GP2/T0CKI pin 0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKOUT) T0SE: TMR0 Source Edge Select bit 1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on GP2/T0CKI pin 0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on GP2/T0CKI pin PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit 1 = Prescaler is assigned to the WDT 0 = Prescaler is assigned to the TIMER0 module PS2:PS0: Prescaler Rate Select bits Bit Value TMR0 Rate WDT Rate 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 1:2 1:4 1:8 1 : 16 1 : 32 1 : 64 1 : 128 1 : 256 1:1 1:2 1:4 1:8 1 : 16 1 : 32 1 : 64 1 : 128
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2-0
Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
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4.4 Prescaler
EXAMPLE 4-1:
An 8-bit counter is available as a prescaler for the Timer0 module, or as a postscaler for the Watchdog Timer. For simplicity, this counter will be referred to as "prescaler" throughout this Data Sheet. The prescaler assignment is controlled in software by the control bit PSA (OPTION_REG<3>). Clearing the PSA bit will assign the prescaler to Timer0. Prescale values are selectable via the PS2:PS0 bits (OPTION_REG<2:0>). The prescaler is not readable or writable. When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions writing to the TMR0 register (e.g., CLRF 1, MOVWF 1, BSF 1, x....etc.) will clear the prescaler. When assigned to WDT, a CLRWDT instruction will clear the prescaler along with the Watchdog Timer.
CHANGING PRESCALER (TIMER0WDT)
;Bank 0 ;Clear WDT ;Clear TMR0 and ; prescaler ;Bank 1
bcf STATUS,RP0 clrwdt clrf TMR0 bsf STATUS,RP0
movlw b'00101111' ;Required if desired movwf OPTION_REG ; PS2:PS0 is clrwdt ; 000 or 001 ; movlw b'00101xxx' ;Set postscaler to movwf OPTION_REG ; desired WDT rate bcf STATUS,RP0 ;Bank 0
4.4.1
SWITCHING PRESCALER ASSIGNMENT
The prescaler assignment is fully under software control (i.e., it can be changed "on the fly" during program execution). To avoid an unintended device RESET, the following instruction sequence (Example 4-1) must be executed when changing the prescaler assignment from Timer0 to WDT.
To change prescaler from the WDT to the TMR0 module, use the sequence shown in Example 4-2. This precaution must be taken even if the WDT is disabled.
EXAMPLE 4-2:
clrwdt bsf movlw
CHANGING PRESCALER (WDTTIMER0)
;Clear WDT and ; postscaler ;Bank 1
STATUS,RP0
movwf bcf
b'xxxx0xxx' ;Select TMR0, ; prescale, and ; clock source OPTION_REG ; STATUS,RP0 ;Bank 0
TABLE 4-1:
Address
01h 0Bh/8Bh 81h 85h
REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOD
xxxx xxxx INTE T0SE GPIE PSA T0IF PS2 INTF PS1 GPIF PS0 0000 0000 1111 1111
Value on all other RESETS
uuuu uuuu 0000 000u 1111 1111 --11 1111
TMR0 INTCON OPTION_REG TRISIO
Timer0 Module Register GIE GPPU -- PEIE INTEDG -- T0IE T0CS
TRISIO5 TRISIO4 TRISIO3 TRISIO2 TRISIO1 TRISIO0 --11 1111
Legend:
-- = Unimplemented locations, read as `0', u = unchanged, x = unknown. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer0 module.
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5.0 TIMER1 MODULE WITH GATE CONTROL
The Timer1 Control register (T1CON), shown in Register 5-1, is used to enable/disable Timer1 and select the various features of the Timer1 module. Note: Additional information on timer modules is available in the PICmicroTM Mid-Range Reference Manual (DS33023).
The rfPIC12F675 devices have a 16-bit timer. Figure 5-1 shows the basic block diagram of the Timer1 module. Timer1 has the following features: * * * * * * * * 16-bit timer/counter (TMR1H:TMR1L) Readable and writable Internal or external clock selection Synchronous or asynchronous operation Interrupt on overflow from FFFFh to 0000h Wake-up upon overflow (Asynchronous mode) Optional external enable input (T1G) Optional LP oscillator
FIGURE 5-1:
TIMER1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
TMR1ON TMR1GE TMR1ON TMR1GE T1G
Set Flag bit TMR1IF on Overflow TMR1 0 TMR1H TMR1L 1 LP Oscillator OSC1 FOSC/4 Internal Clock 1 Prescaler 1, 2, 4, 8 0 2 T1CKPS<1:0> TMR1CS T1SYNC
Synchronized Clock Input
Synchronize Detect SLEEP Input
OSC2 INTOSC w/o CLKOUT T1OSCEN LP
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5.1 Timer1 Modes of Operation 5.2 Timer1 Interrupt
Timer1 can operate in one of three modes: * 16-bit timer with prescaler * 16-bit synchronous counter * 16-bit asynchronous counter In Timer mode, Timer1 is incremented on every instruction cycle. In Counter mode, Timer1 is incremented on the rising edge of the external clock input T1CKI. In addition, the Counter mode clock can be synchronized to the microcontroller system clock or run asynchronously. In Counter and Timer modules, the counter/timer clock can be gated by the T1G input. If an external clock oscillator is needed (and the microcontroller is using the INTOSC w/o CLKOUT), Timer1 can use the LP oscillator as a clock source. Note: In Counter mode, a falling edge must be registered by the counter prior to the first incrementing rising edge. The Timer1 register pair (TMR1H:TMR1L) increments to FFFFh and rolls over to 0000h. When Timer1 rolls over, the Timer1 interrupt flag bit (PIR1<0>) is set. To enable the interrupt on rollover, you must set these bits: * Timer1 interrupt Enable bit (PIE1<0>) * PEIE bit (INTCON<6>) * GIE bit (INTCON<7>). The interrupt is cleared by clearing the TMR1IF in the Interrupt Service Routine. Note: The TMR1H:TTMR1L register pair and the TMR1IF bit should be cleared before enabling interrupts.
5.3
Timer1 Prescaler
Timer1 has four prescaler options allowing 1, 2, 4, or 8 divisions of the clock input. The T1CKPS bits (T1CON<5:4>) control the prescale counter. The prescale counter is not directly readable or writable; however, the prescaler counter is cleared upon a write to TMR1H or TMR1L.
FIGURE 5-2:
T1CKI = 1 when TMR1 Enabled
TIMER1 INCREMENTING EDGE
T1CKI = 0 when TMR1 Enabled Note 1: Arrows indicate counter increments. 2: In Counter mode, a falling edge must be registered by the counter prior to the first incrementing rising edge of the clock.
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REGISTER 5-1: T1CON -- TIMER1 CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS: 10h)
U-0 -- bit 7 bit 7 bit 6 Unimplemented: Read as `0' TMR1GE: Timer1 Gate Enable bit If TMR1ON = 0: This bit is ignored If TMR1ON = 1: 1 = Timer1 is on if T1G pin is low 0 = Timer1 is on T1CKPS1:T1CKPS0: Timer1 Input Clock Prescale Select bits 11 = 1:8 Prescale Value 10 = 1:4 Prescale Value 01 = 1:2 Prescale Value 00 = 1:1 Prescale Value T1OSCEN: LP Oscillator Enable Control bit If INTOSC without CLKOUT oscillator is active: 1 = LP oscillator is enabled for Timer1 clock 0 = LP oscillator is off Else: This bit is ignored T1SYNC: Timer1 External Clock Input Synchronization Control bit TMR1CS = 1: 1 = Do not synchronize external clock input 0 = Synchronize external clock input TMR1CS = 0: This bit is ignored. Timer1 uses the internal clock. TMR1CS: Timer1 Clock Source Select bit 1 = External clock from T1OSO/T1CKI pin (on the rising edge) 0 = Internal clock (FOSC/4) TMR1ON: Timer1 On bit 1 = Enables Timer1 0 = Stops Timer1 Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 T1SYNC R/W-0 TMR1CS R/W-0 TMR1ON bit 0
TMR1GE T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN
bit 5-4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
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5.4 Timer1 Operation in Asynchronous Counter Mode 5.5 Timer1 Oscillator
If control bit T1SYNC (T1CON<2>) is set, the external clock input is not synchronized. The timer continues to increment asynchronous to the internal phase clocks. The timer will continue to run during SLEEP and can generate an interrupt on overflow, which will wake-up the processor. However, special precautions in software are needed to read/write the timer (Section 5.4.1). Note: The ANSEL (9Fh) and CMCON (19h) registers must be initialized to configure an analog channel as a digital input. Pins configured as analog inputs will read `0'. READING AND WRITING TIMER1 IN ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTER MODE A crystal oscillator circuit is built-in between pins OSC1 (input) and OSC2 (amplifier output). It is enabled by setting control bit T1OSCEN (T1CON<3>). The oscillator is a low power oscillator rated up to 37 kHz. It will continue to run during SLEEP. It is primarily intended for a 32 kHz crystal. Table 10-2 shows the capacitor selection for the Timer1 oscillator. The Timer1 oscillator is shared with the system LP oscillator. Thus, Timer1 can use this mode only when the system clock is derived from the internal oscillator. As with the system LP oscillator, the user must provide a software time delay to ensure proper oscillator start-up. While enabled, TRISIO4 and TRISIO5 are set. GP4 and GP5 read `0' and TRISIO4 and TRISIO5 are read `1'. Note: The oscillator requires a start-up and stabilization time before use. Thus, T1OSCEN should be set and a suitable delay observed prior to enabling Timer1.
5.4.1
Reading TMR1H or TMR1L, while the timer is running from an external asynchronous clock, will ensure a valid read (taken care of in hardware). However, the user should keep in mind that reading the 16-bit timer in two 8-bit values itself, poses certain problems, since the timer may overflow between the reads. For writes, it is recommended that the user simply stop the timer and write the desired values. A write contention may occur by writing to the timer registers, while the register is incrementing. This may produce an unpredictable value in the timer register. Reading the 16-bit value requires some care. Examples 12-2 and 12-3 in the PICmicroTM Mid-Range MCU Family Reference Manual (DS33023) show how to read and write Timer1 when it is running in Asynchronous mode.
5.6
Timer1 Operation During SLEEP
Timer1 can only operate during SLEEP when setup in Asynchronous Counter mode. In this mode, an external crystal or clock source can be used to increment the counter. To setup the timer to wake the device: * Timer1 must be on (T1CON<0>) * TMR1IE bit (PIE1<0>) must be set * PEIE bit (INTCON<6>) must be set The device will wake-up on an overflow. If the GIE bit (INTCON<7>) is set, the device will wake-up and jump to the Interrupt Service Routine on an overflow.
TABLE 5-1:
Address Name
REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER1 AS A TIMER/COUNTER
Bit 7 GIE EEIF Bit 6 PEIE ADIF Bit 5 T0IE -- Bit 4 INTE -- Bit 3 GPIE CMIF Bit 2 T0IF -- Bit 1 INTF -- Bit 0 GPIF Value on POR, BOD Value on all other RESETS
0Bh/8Bh INTCON 0Ch 0Eh 0Fh 10h 8Ch Legend: PIR1 TMR1L TMR1H T1CON PIE1
0000 0000 0000 000u xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
TMR1IF 00-- 0--0 00-- 0--0
Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register -- EEIE ADIE -- -- CMIE -- --
TMR1GE T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON -000 0000 -uuu uuuu TMR1IE 00-- 0--0 00-- 0--0
x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer1 module.
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NOTES:
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6.0 COMPARATOR MODULE
The rfPIC12F675 devices have one analog comparator. The inputs to the comparator are multiplexed with the GP0 and GP1 pins. There is an on-chip Comparator Voltage Reference that can also be applied to an input of the comparator. In addition, GP2 can be configured as the comparator output. The Comparator Control Register (CMCON), shown in Register 6-1, contains the bits to control the comparator.
REGISTER 6-1:
CMCON -- COMPARATOR CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS: 19h)
U-0 -- bit 7 R-0 COUT U-0 -- R/W-0 CINV R/W-0 CIS R/W-0 CM2 R/W-0 CM1 R/W-0 CM0 bit 0
bit 7 bit 6
Unimplemented: Read as `0' COUT: Comparator Output bit When CINV = 0: 1 = VIN+ > VIN0 = VIN+ < VINWhen CINV = 1: 1 = VIN+ < VIN0 = VIN+ > VINUnimplemented: Read as `0' CINV: Comparator Output Inversion bit 1 = Output inverted 0 = Output not inverted CIS: Comparator Input Switch bit When CM2:CM0 = 110 or 101: 1 = VIN- connects to CIN+ 0 = VIN- connects to CINCM2:CM0: Comparator Mode bits Figure 6-2 shows the Comparator modes and CM2:CM0 bit settings Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 5 bit 4
bit 3
bit 2-0
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6.1 Comparator Operation
TABLE 6-1:
A single comparator is shown in Figure 6-1, along with the relationship between the analog input levels and the digital output. When the analog input at VIN+ is less than the analog input VIN-, the output of the comparator is a digital low level. When the analog input at VIN+ is greater than the analog input VIN-, the output of the comparator is a digital high level. The shaded areas of the output of the comparator in Figure 6-1 represent the uncertainty due to input offsets and response time. Note: To use CIN+ and CIN- pins as analog inputs, the appropriate bits must be programmed in the CMCON (19h) register.
OUTPUT STATE VS. INPUT CONDITIONS
CINV 0 0 1 1 COUT 0 1 1 0
Input Conditions VIN- > VIN+ VIN- < VIN+ VIN- > VIN+ VIN- < VIN+
FIGURE 6-1:
VIN+ VIN-
SINGLE COMPARATOR
+ Output -
The polarity of the comparator output can be inverted by setting the CINV bit (CMCON<4>). Clearing CINV results in a non-inverted output. A complete table showing the output state versus input conditions and the polarity bit is shown in Table 6-1.
VINVIN+
Output
Note:
CINV bit (CMCON<4>) is clear.
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6.2 Comparator Configuration
There are eight modes of operation for the comparator. The CMCON register, shown in Register 6-1, is used to select the mode. Figure 6-2 shows the eight possible modes. The TRISIO register controls the data direction of the comparator pins for each mode. If the Comparator mode is changed, the comparator output level may not be valid for a specified period of time. Refer to the specifications in Section 13.0. Note: Comparator interrupts should be disabled during a Comparator mode change. Otherwise, a false interrupt may occur.
FIGURE 6-2:
CM2:CM0 = 000
COMPARATOR I/O OPERATING MODES
Comparator Off (Lowest power) CM2:CM0 = 111
Comparator Reset (POR Default Value - low power)
GP1/CINGP0/CIN+ GP2/COUT
A A D Off (Read as '0')
GP1/CINGP0/CIN+ GP2/COUT
D D D Off (Read as '0')
Comparator without Output CM2:CM0 = 010
Comparator w/o Output and with Internal Reference CM2:CM0 = 100
GP1/CINGP0/CIN+ GP2/COUT
A A D COUT
GP1/CINGP0/CIN+ GP2/COUT
A D D From CVREF Module COUT
Comparator with Output and Internal Reference CM2:CM0 = 011
Multiplexed Input with Internal Reference and Output CM2:CM0 = 101
GP1/CINGP0/CIN+ GP2/COUT
A D D From CVREF Module COUT
GP1/CINGP0/CIN+ GP2/COUT
A A D From CVREF Module CIS = 0 CIS = 1 COUT
Comparator with Output CM2:CM0 = 001
Multiplexed Input with Internal Reference CM2:CM0 = 110
GP1/CINGP0/CIN+ GP2/COUT
A A D COUT
GP1/CINGP0/CIN+ GP2/COUT
A A D From CVREF Module CIS = 0 CIS = 1 COUT
A = Analog Input, ports always reads `0' D = Digital Input CIS = Comparator Input Switch (CMCON<3>)
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6.3 Analog Input Connection Considerations
A simplified circuit for an analog input is shown in Figure 6-3. Since the analog pins are connected to a digital output, they have reverse biased diodes to VDD and VSS. The analog input, therefore, must be between VSS and VDD. If the input voltage deviates from this range by more than 0.6V in either direction, one of the diodes is forward biased and a latchup may occur. A maximum source impedance of 10 k is recommended for the analog sources. Any external component connected to an analog input pin, such as a capacitor or a Zener diode, should have very little leakage current.
FIGURE 6-3:
ANALOG INPUT MODE
VDD Rs < 10K AIN VT = 0.6V RIC
VA
CPIN 5 pF
VT = 0.6V
Leakage 500 nA
Vss Legend: CPIN VT ILEAKAGE RIC RS VA = Input Capacitance = Threshold Voltage = Leakage Current at the pin due to Various Junctions = Interconnect Resistance = Source Impedance = Analog Voltage The TRISIO<2> bit functions as an output enable/ disable for the GP2 pin while the comparator is in an Output mode. Note 1: When reading the GPIO register, all pins configured as analog inputs will read as a `0'. Pins configured as digital inputs will convert an analog input according to the TTL input specification. 2: Analog levels on any pin that is defined as a digital input, may cause the input buffer to consume more current than is specified.
6.4
Comparator Output
The comparator output, COUT, is read through the CMCON register. This bit is read-only. The comparator output may also be directly output to the GP2 pin in three of the eight possible modes, as shown in Figure 6-2. When in one of these modes, the output on GP2 is asynchronous to the internal clock. Figure 6-4 shows the comparator output block diagram.
FIGURE 6-4:
MODIFIED COMPARATOR OUTPUT BLOCK DIAGRAM
GP0/CIN+
To GP2/T0CKI pin To Data Bus RD CMCON Q D EN CINV
GP1/CINCVREF
CM2:CM0
Set CMIF bit
Q
D EN RESET RD CMCON
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6.5 Comparator Reference
The following equations determine the output voltages: VRR = 1 (low range): CVREF = (VR3:VR0 / 24) x VDD VRR = 0 (high range): CVREF = (VDD / 4) + (VR3:VR0 x VDD / 32) The comparator module also allows the selection of an internally generated voltage reference for one of the comparator inputs. The internal reference signal is used for four of the eight Comparator modes. The VRCON register, Register 6-2, controls the voltage reference module shown in Figure 6-5.
6.5.2
6.5.1
CONFIGURING THE VOLTAGE REFERENCE
VOLTAGE REFERENCE ACCURACY/ERROR
The voltage reference can output 32 distinct voltage levels, 16 in a high range and 16 in a low range.
The full range of VSS to VDD cannot be realized due to the construction of the module. The transistors on the top and bottom of the resistor ladder network (Figure 6-5) keep CVREF from approaching VSS or VDD. The Voltage Reference is VDD derived and therefore, the CVREF output changes with fluctuations in VDD. The tested absolute accuracy of the Comparator Voltage Reference can be found in Section 13.0.
FIGURE 6-5:
COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE BLOCK DIAGRAM
16 Stages 8R R R R R
VDD 8R 16-1 Analog MUX VREN CVREF to Comparator Input VRR
VR3:VR0
6.6
Comparator Response Time
Response time is the minimum time, after selecting a new reference voltage or input source, before the comparator output is ensured to have a valid level. If the internal reference is changed, the maximum delay of the internal voltage reference must be considered when using the comparator outputs. Otherwise, the maximum delay of the comparators should be used (Table 13-7).
While the comparator is enabled during SLEEP, an interrupt will wake-up the device. If the device wakes up from SLEEP, the contents of the CMCON and VRCON registers are not affected.
6.8
Effects of a RESET
6.7
Operation During SLEEP
Both the comparator and voltage reference, if enabled before entering SLEEP mode, remain active during SLEEP. This results in higher SLEEP currents than shown in the power-down specifications. The additional current consumed by the comparator and the voltage reference is shown separately in the specifications. To minimize power consumption while in SLEEP mode, turn off the comparator, CM2:CM0 = 111, and voltage reference, VRCON<7> = 0.
A device RESET forces the CMCON and VRCON registers to their RESET states. This forces the comparator module to be in the Comparator Reset mode, CM2:CM0 = 000 and the voltage reference to its off state. Thus, all potential inputs are analog inputs with the comparator and voltage reference disabled to consume the smallest current possible.
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REGISTER 6-2: VRCON -- VOLTAGE REFERENCE CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS: 99h)
R/W-0 VREN bit 7 bit 7 VREN: CVREF Enable bit 1 = CVREF circuit powered on 0 = CVREF circuit powered down, no IDD drain Unimplemented: Read as '0' VRR: CVREF Range Selection bit 1 = Low range 0 = High range Unimplemented: Read as '0' VR3:VR0: CVREF value selection 0 VR [3:0] 15 When VRR = 1: CVREF = (VR3:VR0 / 24) * VDD When VRR = 0: CVREF = VDD/4 + (VR3:VR0 / 32) * VDD Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown U-0 -- R/W-0 VRR R/W-0 -- R/W-0 VR3 R/W-0 VR2 R/W-0 VR1 R/W-0 VR0 bit 0
bit 6 bit 5
bit 4 bit 3-0
6.9
Comparator Interrupts
The comparator interrupt flag is set whenever there is a change in the output value of the comparator. Software will need to maintain information about the status of the output bits, as read from CMCON<6>, to determine the actual change that has occurred. The CMIF bit, PIR1<3>, is the comparator interrupt flag. This bit must be reset in software by clearing it to `0'. Since it is also possible to write a '1' to this register, a simulated interrupt may be initiated. The CMIE bit (PIE1<3>) and the PEIE bit (INTCON<6>) must be set to enable the interrupt. In addition, the GIE bit must also be set. If any of these bits are cleared, the interrupt is not enabled, though the CMIF bit will still be set if an interrupt condition occurs.
The user, in the Interrupt Service Routine, can clear the interrupt in the following manner: a) b) Any read or write of CMCON. This will end the mismatch condition. Clear flag bit CMIF.
A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit CMIF. Reading CMCON will end the mismatch condition, and allow flag bit CMIF to be cleared. Note: If a change in the CMCON register (COUT) should occur when a read operation is being executed (start of the Q2 cycle), then the CMIF (PIR1<3>) interrupt flag may not get set.
TABLE 6-2:
Address 0Bh/8Bh 0Ch 19h 8Ch 85h 99h Legend:
REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARATOR MODULE
Bit 7 GIE EEIF -- EEIE -- VREN Bit 6 PEIE ADIF COUT ADIE -- -- Bit 5 T0IE -- -- -- Bit 4 INTE -- CINV -- Bit 3 GPIE CMIF CIS CMIE Bit 2 T0IF -- CM2 -- Bit 1 INTF -- CM1 -- Bit 0 GPIF TMR1IF CM0 TMR1IE Value on POR, BOD 0000 0000 00-- 0--0 -0-0 0000 00-- 0--0 --11 1111 0-0- 0000 Value on all other RESETS 0000 000u 00-- 0--0 -0-0 0000 00-- 0--0 --11 1111 0-0- 0000
Name INTCON PIR1 CMCON PIE1 TRISIO VRCON
TRISIO5 TRISIO4 TRISIO3 TRISIO2 TRISIO1 TRISIO0 VRR -- VR3 VR2 VR1 VR0
x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as `0'. Shaded cells are not used by the comparator module.
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7.0 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (A/D) MODULE
The output of the sample and hold is connected to the input of the converter. The converter generates a binary result via successive approximation and stores the result in a 10-bit register. The voltage reference used in the conversion is software selectable to either VDD or a voltage applied by the VREF pin. Figure 7-1 shows the block diagram of the A/D.
The analog-to-digital converter (A/D) allows conversion of an analog input signal to a 10-bit binary representation of that signal. The rfPIC12F675 has four analog inputs, multiplexed into one sample and hold circuit.
FIGURE 7-1:
A/D BLOCK DIAGRAM
VDD
VCFG = 0
VREF
VCFG = 1
GP0/AN0 GP1/AN1/VREF GP2/AN2 GP4/AN3 GO/DONE ADFM CHS1:CHS0 ADON ADRESH VSS 10 ADRESL ADC 10
7.1
A/D Configuration and Operation
There are two registers available to control the functionality of the A/D module: 1. 2. ADCON0 (Register 7-1) ANSEL (Register 7-2)
controls the voltage reference selection. If VCFG is set, then the voltage on the VREF pin is the reference; otherwise, VDD is the reference.
7.1.4
CONVERSION CLOCK
7.1.1
ANALOG PORT PINS
The ANS3:ANS0 bits (ANSEL<3:0>) and the TRISIO bits control the operation of the A/D port pins. Set the corresponding TRISIO bits to set the pin output driver to its high impedance state. Likewise, set the corresponding ANS bit to disable the digital input buffer. Note: Analog voltages on any pin that is defined as a digital input may cause the input buffer to conduct excess current.
The A/D conversion cycle requires 11 TAD. The source of the conversion clock is software selectable via the ADCS bits (ANSEL<6:4>). There are seven possible clock options: * * * * * * * FOSC/2 FOSC/4 FOSC/8 FOSC/16 FOSC/32 FOSC/64 FRC (dedicated internal RC oscillator)
7.1.2
CHANNEL SELECTION
There are four analog channels, AN0 through AN3. The CHS1:CHS0 bits (ADCON0<3:2>) control which channel is connected to the sample and hold circuit.
For correct conversion, the A/D conversion clock (1/TAD) must be selected to ensure a minimum TAD of 1.6 s. Table 7-1 shows a few TAD calculations for selected frequencies.
7.1.3
VOLTAGE REFERENCE
There are two options for the voltage reference to the A/D converter: either VDD is used, or an analog voltage applied to VREF is used. The VCFG bit (ADCON0<6>)
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TABLE 7-1: TAD vs. DEVICE OPERATING FREQUENCIES
Device Frequency A/D Clock Source (TAD) Operation ADCS2:ADCS0 20 MHz 5 MHz 4 MHz 1.25 MHz 2 TOSC 000 100 ns(2) 400 ns(2) 500 ns(2) 1.6 s 4 TOSC 100 200 ns(2) 800 ns(2) 1.0 s(2) 3.2 s 8 TOSC 001 400 ns(2) 1.6 s 2.0 s 6.4 s (2) 16 TOSC 101 800 ns 3.2 s 4.0 s 12.8 s(3) (3) 32 TOSC 010 1.6 s 6.4 s 8.0 s 25.6 s(3) (3) (3) 64 TOSC 110 3.2 s 12.8 s 16.0 s 51.2 s(3) A/D RC x11 2 - 6 s(1,4) 2 - 6 s(1,4) 2 - 6 s(1,4) 2 - 6 s(1,4) Legend: Shaded cells are outside of recommended range. Note 1: The A/D RC source has a typical TAD time of 4 s for VDD > 3.0V. 2: These values violate the minimum required TAD time. 3: For faster conversion times, the selection of another clock source is recommended. 4: When the device frequency is greater than 1 MHz, the A/D RC clock source is only recommended if the conversion will be performed during SLEEP.
7.1.5
STARTING A CONVERSION
The A/D conversion is initiated by setting the GO/DONE bit (ADCON0<1>). When the conversion is complete, the A/D module: * Clears the GO/DONE bit * Sets the ADIF flag (PIR1<6>) * Generates an interrupt (if enabled). If the conversion must be aborted, the GO/DONE bit can be cleared in software. The ADRESH:ADRESL registers will not be updated with the partially complete A/D conversion sample. Instead, the ADRESH:ADRESL registers will retain the value of the
previous conversion. After an aborted conversion, a 2 TAD delay is required before another acquisition can be initiated. Following the delay, an input acquisition is automatically started on the selected channel. Note: The GO/DONE bit should not be set in the same instruction that turns on the A/D.
7.1.6
CONVERSION OUTPUT
The A/D conversion can be supplied in two formats: left or right shifted. The ADFM bit (ADCON0<7>) controls the output format. Figure 7-2 shows the output formats.
FIGURE 7-2:
10-BIT A/D RESULT FORMAT
ADRESH ADRESL LSB Bit 0 Bit 7 Bit 0
(ADFM = 0)
MSB Bit 7
10-bit A/D Result (ADFM = 1) Bit 7 MSB Bit 0 Bit 7
Unimplemented: Read as `0' LSB Bit 0
Unimplemented: Read as `0
10-bit A/D Result
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rfPIC12F675
REGISTER 7-1: ADCON0 -- A/D CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS: 1Fh)
R/W-0 ADFM bit 7 bit 7 ADFM: A/D Result Formed Select bit 1 = Right justified 0 = Left justified VCFG: Voltage Reference bit 1 = VREF pin 0 = VDD Unimplemented: Read as zero CHS1:CHS0: Analog Channel Select bits 00 = Channel 00 (AN0) 01 = Channel 01 (AN1) 10 = Channel 02 (AN2) 11 = Channel 03 (AN3) GO/DONE: A/D Conversion STATUS bit 1 = A/D conversion cycle in progress. Setting this bit starts an A/D conversion cycle. This bit is automatically cleared by hardware when the A/D conversion has completed. 0 = A/D conversion completed/not in progress ADON: A/D Conversion STATUS bit 1 = A/D converter module is operating 0 = A/D converter is shut-off and consumes no operating current Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown R/W-0 VCFG U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 CHS1 R/W-0 CHS0 R/W-0 GO/DONE R/W-0 ADON bit 0
bit 6
bit 5-4 bit 3-2
bit 1
bit 0
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Preliminary
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rfPIC12F675
REGISTER 7-2: ANSEL -- ANALOG SELECT REGISTER (ADDRESS: 9Fh)
U-0 -- bit 7 bit 7 bit 6-4 Unimplemented: Read as `0'. ADCS<2:0>: A/D Conversion Clock Select bits 000 = FOSC/2 001 = FOSC/8 010 = FOSC/32 x11 = FRC (clock derived from a dedicated internal oscillator = 500 kHz max) 100 = FOSC/4 101 = FOSC/16 110 = FOSC/64 ANS3:ANS0: Analog Select bits (Between analog or digital function on pins AN<3:0>, respectively.) 1 = Analog input; pin is assigned as analog input(1) 0 = Digital I/O; pin is assigned to port or special function Note 1: Setting a pin to an analog input automatically disables the digital input circuitry, weak pull-ups, and interrupt-on-change. The corresponding TRISIO bit must be set to Input mode in order to allow external control of the voltage on the pin. Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown R/W-0 ADCS2 R/W-0 ADCS1 R/W-0 ADCS0 R/W-1 ANS3 R/W-1 ANS2 R/W-1 ANS1 R/W-1 ANS0 bit 0
bit 3-0
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rfPIC12F675
7.2 A/D Acquisition Requirements
For the A/D converter to meet its specified accuracy, the charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) must be allowed to fully charge to the input channel voltage level. The analog input model is shown in Figure 7-3. The source impedance (RS) and the internal sampling switch (RSS) impedance directly affect the time required to charge the capacitor CHOLD. The sampling switch (RSS) impedance varies over the device voltage (VDD), see Figure 7-3. The maximum recommended impedance for analog sources is 10 k. As the impedance is decreased, the acquisition time may be decreased. After the analog input channel is selected (changed), this acquisition must be done before the conversion can be started. To calculate the minimum acquisition time, Equation 7-1 may be used. This equation assumes that 1/2 LSb error is used (1024 steps for the A/D). The 1/2 LSb error is the maximum error allowed for the A/D to meet its specified resolution. To calculate the minimum acquisition time, TACQ, see the PICmicroTM Mid-Range Reference Manual (DS33023).
EQUATION 7-1:
TACQ
ACQUISITION TIME
= Amplifier Settling Time + Hold Capacitor Charging Time + Temperature Coefficient = = = = = = = TAMP + TC + TCOFF 2s + TC + [(Temperature -25C)(0.05s/C)] CHOLD (RIC + RSS + RS) In(1/2047) - 120pF (1k + 7k + 10k) In(0.0004885) 16.47s 2s + 16.47s + [(50C -25C)(0.05s/C) 19.72s
TC
TACQ
Note 1: The reference voltage (VREF) has no effect on the equation, since it cancels itself out. 2: The charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) is not discharged after each conversion. 3: The maximum recommended impedance for analog sources is 10 k. This is required to meet the pin leakage specification.
FIGURE 7-3:
ANALOG INPUT MODEL
VDD RS VA ANx CPIN 5 pF VT = 0.6V Sampling Switch RIC 1K SS RSS I LEAKAGE 500 nA CHOLD = DAC capacitance = 120 pF VSS Legend CPIN = input capacitance VT = threshold voltage I LEAKAGE = leakage current at the pin due to various junctions RIC = interconnect resistance SS = sampling switch CHOLD = sample/hold capacitance (from DAC)
VT = 0.6V
6V 5V VDD 4V 3V 2V 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Sampling Switch (k)
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Preliminary
DS70091A-page 43
rfPIC12F675
7.3 A/D Operation During SLEEP
The A/D converter module can operate during SLEEP. This requires the A/D clock source to be set to the internal RC oscillator. When the RC clock source is selected, the A/D waits one instruction before starting the conversion. This allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed, thus eliminating much of the switching noise from the conversion. When the conversion is complete, the GO/DONE bit is cleared, and the result is loaded into the ADRESH:ADRESL registers. If the A/D interrupt is enabled, the device awakens from SLEEP. If the A/D interrupt is not enabled, the A/D module is turned off, although the ADON bit remains set. When the A/D clock source is something other than RC, a SLEEP instruction causes the present conversion to be aborted, and the A/D module is turned off. The ADON bit remains set.
7.4
Effects of RESET
A device RESET forces all registers to their RESET state. Thus the A/D module is turned off and any pending conversion is aborted. The ADRESH:ADRESL registers are unchanged.
TABLE 7-2:
Address 05h 0Ch 1Eh 1Fh 85h 8Ch 9Eh 9Fh Legend: Name GPIO PIR1 ADCON0 TRISIO PIE1 ADRESL ANSEL
SUMMARY OF A/D REGISTERS
Bit 7 -- GIE EEIF ADFM -- EEIE -- Bit 6 -- PEIE ADIF VCFG -- ADIE ADCS2 Bit 5 GPIO5 T0IE -- -- TRISIO5 -- ADCS1 Bit 4 GPIO4 INTE -- -- TRISIO4 -- ADCS0 Bit 3 GPIO3 GPIE CMIF CHS1 TRISIO3 CMIE ANS3 Bit 2 GPIO2 T0IF -- CHS0 -- ANS2 Bit 1 GPIO1 INTF -- GO -- ANS1 Bit 0 GPIO0 GPIF TMR1IF ADON TMR1IE ANS0 Value on: POR, BOD --xx xxxx 0000 0000 00-- 0--0 xxxx xxxx 00-- 0000 --11 1111 00-- 0--0 xxxx xxxx -000 1111 Value on all other RESETS --uu uuuu 0000 000u 00-- 0--0 uuuu uuuu 00-- 0000 --11 1111 00-- 0--0 uuuu uuuu -000 1111
0Bh, 8Bh INTCON
ADRESH Most Significant 8 bits of the Left Shifted A/D result or 2 bits of the Right Shifted Result TRISIO2 TRISIO1 TRISIO0
Least Significant 2 bits of the Left Shifted A/D Result or 8 bits of the Right Shifted Result
x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used for A/D converter module.
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rfPIC12F675
8.0 DATA EEPROM MEMORY
The EEPROM data memory is readable and writable during normal operation (full VDD range). This memory is not directly mapped in the register file space. Instead, it is indirectly addressed through the Special Function Registers. There are four SFRs used to read and write this memory: * * * * EECON1 EECON2 (not a physically implemented register) EEDATA EEADR The EEPROM data memory allows byte read and write. A byte write automatically erases the location and writes the new data (erase before write). The EEPROM data memory is rated for high erase/write cycles. The write time is controlled by an on-chip timer. The write time will vary with voltage and temperature as well as from chip to chip. Please refer to AC Specifications for exact limits. When the data memory is code protected, the CPU may continue to read and write the data EEPROM memory. The device programmer can no longer access this memory. Additional information on the Data EEPROM is available in the PICmicroTM Mid-Range Reference Manual (DS33023).
EEDATA holds the 8-bit data for read/write, and EEADR holds the address of the EEPROM location being accessed. The rfPIC12F675 devices have 128 bytes of data EEPROM with an address range from 0h to 7Fh.
REGISTER 8-1:
EEDAT -- EEPROM DATA REGISTER (ADDRESS: 9Ah)
R/W-0 EEDAT7 bit 7 R/W-0 EEDAT6 R/W-0 EEDAT5 R/W-0 EEDAT4 R/W-0 EEDAT3 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 EEDAT0 bit 0 EEDAT2 EEDAT1
bit 7-0
EEDATn: Byte value to write to or read from Data EEPROM Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
REGISTER 8-2:
EEADR -- EEPROM ADDRESS REGISTER (ADDRESS: 9Bh)
U-0 -- bit 7 R/W-0 EADR6 R/W-0 EADR5 R/W-0 EADR4 R/W-0 EADR3 R/W-0 EADR2 R/W-0 EADR1 R/W-0 EADR0 bit 0
bit 7 bit 6-0
Unimplemented: Should be set to '0' EEADR: Specifies one of 128 locations for EEPROM Read/Write Operation Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
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8.1 EEADR
The EEADR register can address up to a maximum of 128 bytes of data EEPROM. Only seven of the eight bits in the register (EEADR<6:0>) are required. The MSb (bit 7) is ignored. The upper bit should always be `0' to remain upward compatible with devices that have more data EEPROM memory. of the read or write operation. The inability to clear the WR bit in software prevents the accidental, premature termination of a write operation. The WREN bit, when set, will allow a write operation. On power-up, the WREN bit is clear. The WRERR bit is set when a write operation is interrupted by a MCLR Reset, or a WDT Time-out Reset during normal operation. In these situations, following RESET, the user can check the WRERR bit, clear it, and rewrite the location. The data and address will be cleared, therefore, the EEDATA and EEADR registers will need to be reinitialized. Interrupt flag bit EEIF in the PIR1 register is set when write is complete. This bit must be cleared in software. EECON2 is not a physical register. Reading EECON2 will read all '0's. The EECON2 register is used exclusively in the Data EEPROM write sequence.
8.2
EECON1 AND EECON2 REGISTERS
EECON1 is the control register with four low order bits physically implemented. The upper four bits are nonimplemented and read as '0's. Control bits RD and WR initiate read and write, respectively. These bits cannot be cleared, only set, in software. They are cleared in hardware at completion
REGISTER 8-3:
EECON1 -- EEPROM CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS: 9Ch)
U-0 -- bit 7 U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-x WRERR R/W-0 WREN R/S-0 WR R/S-0 RD bit 0
bit 7-4 bit 3
Unimplemented: Read as `0' WRERR: EEPROM Error Flag bit 1 = A write operation is prematurely terminated (any MCLR Reset, any WDT Reset during normal operation or BOD detect) 0 = The write operation completed WREN: EEPROM Write Enable bit 1 = Allows write cycles 0 = Inhibits write to the data EEPROM WR: Write Control bit 1 = Initiates a write cycle (The bit is cleared by hardware once write is complete. The WR bit can only be set, not cleared, in software.) 0 = Write cycle to the data EEPROM is complete RD: Read Control bit 1 = Initiates an EEPROM read (Read takes one cycle. RD is cleared in hardware. The RD bit can only be set, not cleared, in software.) 0 = Does not initiate an EEPROM read Legend: S = Bit can only be set R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
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rfPIC12F675
8.3 READING THE EEPROM DATA MEMORY
After a write sequence has been initiated, clearing the WREN bit will not affect this write cycle. The WR bit will be inhibited from being set unless the WREN bit is set. At the completion of the write cycle, the WR bit is cleared in hardware and the EE Write Complete Interrupt Flag bit (EEIF) is set. The user can either enable this interrupt or poll this bit. The EEIF bit (PIR<7>) register must be cleared by software. To read a data memory location, the user must write the address to the EEADR register and then set control bit RD (EECON1<0>), as shown in Example 8-1. The data is available, in the very next cycle, in the EEDATA register. Therefore, it can be read in the next instruction. EEDATA holds this value until another read, or until it is written to by the user (during a write operation).
8.5
WRITE VERIFY
EXAMPLE 8-1:
bsf movlw movwf bsf movf
DATA EEPROM READ
;Bank 1 ; ;Address to read ;EE Read ;Move data to W
STATUS,RP0 CONFIG_ADDR EEADR EECON1,RD EEDATA,W
Depending on the application, good programming practice may dictate that the value written to the data EEPROM should be verified (see Example 8-3) to the desired value to be written.
EXAMPLE 8-3:
bcf : bsf movf bsf
WRITE VERIFY
;Bank 0 ;Any code ;Bank 1 READ ;EEDATA not changed ;from previous write ;YES, Read the ;value written ;Is data the same ;No, handle error ;Yes, continue
STATUS,RP0 STATUS,RP0 EEDATA,W EECON1,RD
8.4
WRITING TO THE EEPROM DATA MEMORY
To write an EEPROM data location, the user must first write the address to the EEADR register and the data to the EEDATA register. Then the user must follow a specific sequence to initiate the write for each byte, as shown in Example 8-2.
xorwf EEDATA,W btfss STATUS,Z goto WRITE_ERR :
EXAMPLE 8-2:
bsf bsf bcf movlw movwf movlw movwf bsf bsf
DATA EEPROM WRITE
;Bank 1 ;Enable write ;Disable INTs ;Unlock write ; ; ; ;Start the write ;Enable INTS
8.5.1
USING THE DATA EEPROM
STATUS,RP0 EECON1,WREN INTCON,GIE 55h EECON2 AAh EECON2 EECON1,WR INTCON,GIE
The write will not initiate if the above sequence is not exactly followed (write 55h to EECON2, write AAh to EECON2, then set WR bit) for each byte. We strongly recommend that interrupts be disabled during this code segment. A cycle count is executed during the required sequence. Any number that is not equal to the required cycles to execute the required sequence will prevent the data from being written into the EEPROM. Additionally, the WREN bit in EECON1 must be set to enable write. This mechanism prevents accidental writes to data EEPROM due to errant (unexpected) code execution (i.e., lost programs). The user should keep the WREN bit clear at all times, except when updating EEPROM. The WREN bit is not cleared by hardware.
The data EEPROM is a high-endurance, byte addressable array that has been optimized for the storage of frequently changing information (e.g., program variables or other data that are updated often). Frequently changing values will typically be updated more often than specifications D120 or D120A. If this is not the case, an array refresh must be performed. For this reason, variables that change infrequently (such as constants, IDs, calibration, etc.) should be stored in FLASH program memory.
Required Sequence
8.6
PROTECTION AGAINST SPURIOUS WRITE
There are conditions when the device may not want to write to the data EEPROM memory. To protect against spurious EEPROM writes, various mechanisms have been built in. On power-up, WREN is cleared. Also, the Power-up Timer (72 ms duration) prevents EEPROM write. The write initiate sequence and the WREN bit together help prevent an accidental write during: * brown-out * power glitch * software malfunction
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rfPIC12F675
8.7 DATA EEPROM OPERATION DURING CODE PROTECT
Data memory can be code protected by programming the CPD bit to `0'. When the data memory is code protected, the CPU is able to read and write data to the Data EEPROM. It is recommended to code protect the program memory when code protecting data memory. This prevents anyone from programming zeroes over the existing code (which will execute as NOPs) to reach an added routine, programmed in unused program memory, which outputs the contents of data memory. Programming unused locations to `0' will also help prevent data memory code protection from becoming breached.
TABLE 8-1:
Address 0Ch 9Ah 9Bh 9Ch 9Dh
REGISTERS/BITS ASSOCIATED WITH DATA EEPROM
Name Bit 7 EEIF -- -- Bit 6 ADIF Bit 5 -- Bit 4 -- Bit 3 CMIF Bit 2 -- Bit 1 -- Bit 0 Value on POR, BOD Value on all other RESETS
PIR1 EEDATA EEADR EECON1
TMR1IF 00-- 0--0 00-- 0--0 0000 0000 0000 0000 -000 0000 -000 0000
EEPROM Data Register EEPROM Address Register -- -- -- WRERR WREN WR RD
---- x000 ---- q000 ---- ---- ---- ----
EECON2(1) EEPROM Control Register 2
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented read as '0', q = value depends upon condition. Shaded cells are not used by Data EEPROM module. Note 1: EECON2 is not a physical register.
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rfPIC12F675
9.0
9.1
UHF ASK/FSK TRANSMITTER
Transmitter Operation
FIGURE 9-1:
TRANSMITTER BLOCK DIAGRAM
The transmitter is a fully integrated UHF ASK/FSK transmitter consisting of crystal oscillator, PhaseLocked Loop (PLL), Power Amplifier (PA) with opencollector output, and mode control logic. There are 3 variations of this device to optimize its performance for the most commonly used frequency bands.
Clock Divider
REFCLK
Crystal Oscillator
RFXTAL
TABLE 9-1:
Device rfPIC12F675K rfPIC12F675F RFPIC12F675H
FREQUENCY BANDS
Frequency 290-350 MHz 390-450 MHz 850-930 MHz Modulation ASK/FSK ASK/FSK ASK/FSK
Voltage Controlled Oscillator Divide by 32 Charge Pump LF Phase/Freq Detector
The internal structure of the transmitter is shown in Figure 9-1. A Colpitts oscillator generates the reference frequency set by the attached crystal. The voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) converts the voltage on the LF pin to a frequency. This frequency is divided by 32 and compared to the crystal reference. If the frequency or phase does not match the reference, the charge pump corrects the voltage on the LF pin. The VCO output signal is also amplified by the PA, whose single ended output drives the user's antenna. The external components required are a crystal to set the transmit frequency, a supply bypass capacitor, and two to seven biasing/impedance matching components to get maximum power to the antenna. The two control signals from the microcontroller are connected externally for maximum design flexibility. The rfPIC12F675 is capable of transmitting data by Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) or Frequency Shift Keying (FSK). The rfPIC12F675 is a radio frequency (RF) emitting device. Wireless RF devices are governed by a country's regulating agency. For example, in the United States it is the Federal Communications Committee (FCC) and in Europe it is the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT). It is the responsibility of the designer to ensure that their end product conforms to rules and regulations of the country of use and/or sale. RF devices require correct board level implementation in order to meet regulatory requirements. Layout considerations are listed at the end of each subsection. It is required to place a ground plane on the PCB to reduce unwanted radio frequency emissions.
PS DATAASK
RF Power Amplifier
ANT
RFEN
RF Control Logic
VDDRF VSSRF VSSRF
DATAFSK FSK Switch FSKOUT
9.2
Supply Voltage (VDDRF, VSSRF)
Pins VDDRF and VSSRF supply power and ground respectively to the transmitter. These power pins are separate from power supply pins VDD and VSS to the microcontroller. Both VSSRF pins should be tied to the ground plane with the shortest possible traces. The microcontroller ground should be tied to the same RF ground potential. However, the VDDRF supply can be at a different potential than the microcontroller as long as the RFEN and DATA input levels are within specification limits. Layout Considerations - Provide low impedance power and ground traces to minimize spurious emissions. A two-sided PCB with a ground plane on the bottom layer is highly recommended. Separate bypass capacitors should be connected as close as possible to each of the supply pins VDD and VDDRF. Connect both VSSRF pins to the ground plane using multiple PCB vias adjacent to the VSSRF pads. Do not share these PCB vias with other ground traces. Filter the VDDRF with an RC filter if the microcontroller noise spurs exceed regulatory limits.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
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DS70091A-page 49
rfPIC12F675
9.3 Crystal Oscillator 9.4 ASK Modulation
The transmitter crystal oscillator is a Colpitts oscillator that provides the reference frequency to the PLL. It is independent of the microcontroller oscillator. An external crystal or AC coupled reference signal is connected to the XTAL pin. The transmit frequency is fixed and determined by the crystal frequency according to the formula: In ASK modulation the data is transmitted by varying the output power. The DATAASK pin enables the PA, toggling the pin turns the RF output signal on and off. A simple receiver using a tuned filter and peak detector diode can capture the data. A more advanced superheterodyne receiver such as the rfRXD0420 can greatly increase the range and reduce susceptibility to interference. In ASK mode the DATAFSK and FSKOUT pins are not used and should both be tied to ground. An example of a typical ASK circuit is shown in Figure 9-5. The C1 capacitor can be replaced by a short to simplify the transmitter if the receiver has a wide enough bandwidth. For a very narrowband receiver the C1 capacitor may need to be replaced by a trimmer cap to tune the transmitter to the exact frequency.
f transmit = f
RFXTAL
x 32
Due to the flexible selection of transmit frequency, the resulting crystal frequency may not be a standard offthe-shelf value. Therefore, for some carrier frequencies the designer will have to consult a crystal manufacturer and have a custom crystal manufactured. For background information on crystal selection see Application Note AN588, PICmicro(R) Microcontroller Oscillator Design Guide, and AN826 Crystal Oscillator Basics and Crystal Selection for rfPICTM and PICmicro(R) Devices. For ASK modulation the crystal can be connected directly from RFXTAL to ground, or in series with an additional capacitor to trim the frequency. Figure 9-2 shows how the crystal is connected and Table 9-2 shows how the frequency of a typical crystal changes with capacitance. The oscillator is enabled when the RFEN input is high. It takes the crystal approximately 1 ms to start oscillating. Higher frequency crystals start-up faster than lower frequencies. The crystal oscillator start time (TON) is listed in Table 13-11, Transmitter AC Characteristics. This start-up time is mainly due to the crystal building up an oscillation, but also includes the time for the PLL to lock on the crystal frequency.
FIGURE 9-2:
ASK CRYSTAL CIRCUIT
XTAL
X1 rfPIC12F675K/F/H C1
TABLE 9-2:
C1 22 pF 39 pF 100 pF 150 pF 470 pF 1000 pF
XTAL OSC APPROXIMATE FREQ. VS. CAPACITANCE (ASK MODE) (1)
Predicted Frequency (MHz) 13.551438 13.550563 13.549844 13.549672 13.549548 13.549344 PPM from 13.55 MHz +106 +42 -12 -24 -33 -48 Transmit Frequency (MHz) (32 * fXTAL) 433.646 433.618 433.595 433.5895 433.5856 433.579
Note 1: Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) TA = 25C, RFEN = 1, VDDRF = 3V, fXTAL = 13.55 MHz
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rfPIC12F675
9.5 FSK Modulation
In FSK modulation the transmit data is sent by varying the output frequency. This is done by loading the reference crystal with extra capacitance to pull it to a slightly lower frequency which the PLL then tracks. Switching the capacitance in and out with the data signal toggles the transmitter between two frequencies. These two crystal based frequencies are then multiplied by 32 for the RF transmit frequency. Unlike the ASK transmit frequency the FSK center frequency is not actually transmitted. It is the artificial point half way between the two transmitted frequencies, calculated with this formula. In FSK mode the DATAASK pin should be tied high to enable the PA. The FSK circuit is shown in Figure 9-6. Use accurate crystals for narrow bandwidth systems and large values for C1 to reduce frequency drift.
FIGURE 9-3:
FSK CRYSTAL CIRCUIT
XTAL
X1 C2 FSKOUT
fc =
f max + f min 2
C1
The other important parameter in FSK is the frequency deviation of the transmit frequency. This measures how far the frequency will swing from the center frequency. Single ended deviation is calculated with this formula.
rfPIC12F675K/F/H
f =
f max - f min 2
FIGURE 9-4:
FREQUENCY PULLING
An FSK receiver will specify its optimal value of deviation. The single ended deviation must be greater than data rate/4. The minimum deviation is usually limited by the frequency accuracy of the transmitter and receiver components. The maximum deviation is usually limited by the pulling characteristics of the transmitter crystal. An extra capacitor and the internal switch are added to the ASK design to build an FSK transmitter as shown in Figure 9-3. The C1 capacitor in series with the crystal determines the maximum frequency. With the DATAFSK pin high the FSKOUT pin is open and the C2 capacitor does not affect the frequency. When the DATAFSK pin goes low, FSKOUT shorts to ground, and the C2 is thrown in parallel with C1. The sum of the two caps pulls the oscillation frequency lower as shown in Figure 9-4.
Fmax Frequency (MHz) Fmin
C1 C1||C2 DATAFSK = 1 DATAFSK = 0 Load Capacitance (pF)
TABLE 9-3:
TYPICAL TRANSMIT CENTER FREQUENCY AND DEVIATION (FSK MODE) (1)
C2 = 1000 pF C2 = 100 pF Freq (MHz) / Dev (kHz) 433.619 / 27 433.610 / 19 433.604 / 14 433.601 / 11.5 433.598 / 9 -- C2 = 47 pF Freq (MHz) / Dev (kHz) 433.625 / 21 433.614 / 14 433.608 / 10 433.604 / 8 433.600 / 5.5 --
C1 (pF) 22 33 39 47 68 100
Freq (MHz) / Dev (kHz) 433.612 / 34 433.604 / 25 433.598 / 20 433.596 / 17 433.593 / 13 433.587 / 8
Note 1: Standard Operating Conditions, TA = 25C, RFEN = 1, VDDRF = 3V, fXTAL = 13.55 MHz
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rfPIC12F675
FIGURE 9-5: TYPICAL ASK TRANSMITTER SCHEMATIC
+V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 VDD VSS 19 GP5/T1CKI/OSC1/CLKIN GP0/AN0/CIN+/ICSPDAT 18 GP4/AN3/T1G/OSC2/CLKOUT GP1/AN1/CIN-/VREF/ICSPCLK 17 GP3/MCLR/VPP GP2/AN2/T0CKI/INT/COUT 16 RFXTAL FSKOUT 15 DATAFSK RFENIN 14 DATAASK CLKOUT 13 LF PS 12 U1 VSSRF VDDRF 11 rfPIC12F675K VSSRF ANT
C3 0.1 F X1
SW2
SW1
C1
R1
C4 100 pF
C1 can be shorted R1 can be omitted +V L1 120 nH R2 4.7 k
C5 100 pF +V
C6 5 pF + BT1 CR2032 3V Lithium Cell Loop Antenna C7 4 pF
FIGURE 9-6:
TYPICAL FSK TRANSMITTER SCHEMATIC
+V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 VDD VSS GP5/T1CKI/OSC1/CLKIN GP0/AN0/CIN+/ICSPDAT GP4/AN3/T1G/OSC2/CLKOUT GP1/AN1/CIN-/VREF/ICSPCLK GP3/MCLR/VPP GP2/AN2/T0CKI/INT/COUT RFXTAL FSKOUT DATAFSK RFENIN DATAASK CLKOUT PS LF U1 VSSRF VDDRF rfPIC12F675K VSSRF ANT 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
C3 0.1 F X1 13.55 MHz C1 39 pF R1 220 k
+V
SW2
SW1
C4 100 pF
C2 1000 pF +V L1 120 nH R2 4.7 k
C5 100 pF +V
C6 5 pF + BT1 CR2032 3V Lithium Cell Loop Antenna C7 4 pF
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rfPIC12F675
9.6 Clock Output 9.8 Power Amplifier
The clock output is available to the microcontroller or other circuits requiring an accurate reference frequency. This signal would typically be used to correct the internal RC oscillator for system designs that require accurate bit synchronization or tight time division multiplexing. The REFCLK output can connect directly to the T0CKI or T1CKI. The REFCLK output frequency is the crystal oscillator divided by 4 on the rfPIC12F675K and rfPIC12F675F. For the RFPIC12F675H the crystal oscillator is divided by 8. Layout considerations - Keep the clock trace short and narrow yet as far as possible from other traces to reduce capacitance and the associated current draw. If the REFCLK trace must pass near the crystal and LF nodes then shield them with ground traces. The PLL output feeds the power amplifier (PA) which drives the open-collector ANT output. The output should be DC biased with an inductor to the VDDRF supply. The output impedance must be matched to the load impedance to deliver the maximum power. This is typically done with a transformer or tapped capacitor circuit. Failure to match the impedance may cause excessive spurious and harmonic emissions. For more information on transformer matching see Application Note AN831, Matching Small Loop Antennas to rfPICTM Devices. For more information on tapped capacitor matching see Application Note AN242 Designing an FCC Approved ASK rfPICTM Transmitter. The transmit output power can be adjusted in five discrete steps from +9 dBm to -70 dBm by varying the voltage on the PS pin. Since the PS pin has an internal 8 A source the voltage can be set with a resistor from the PS pin to ground as shown in Figure 9-7. Some possible resistor values to set the current are shown in Table 9-4. It is usually desirable to select the lowest power level step that does not compromise communications reliablity. The most important benefit is the conservation of battery power. Another reason is to make it easier to pass regulatory limits. And a third reason is to reduce interference to other communications in the shared RF spectrum. Small inefficient antennas will require higher power level settings than larger efficient antennas.
9.7
Phase-Locked Loop Filter
The LF pin connects to an internal node on the PLL filter. Typically the pin should not be connected. In specialized cases it may be necessary to load this pin with extra capacitance to ground. Adding capacitance reduces the loop filter bandwidth which trades off an increase in phase noise for a reduction in clock spurs. Useful diagnostic measurements can be taken on the LF pin with a high impedance, low capacitance probe. Measuring the time from RFEN going high until the LF voltage stabilizes will determine the minimum delay before the start of a transmission. For more information on PLL filters refer to Application Note AN846 Basic PLL Filters for the rfPICTM/rfHCS. Layout considerations - Keep traces short and if the optional loop filter capacitor is required, place it as close as possible to the LF pin with its own via to the ground plane.
FIGURE 9-7:
.POWER SELECT CIRCUIT
VPS rfPIC12F675 IPS = 8 A PS
To power select circuitry
R1
TABLE 9-4:
Power Step 4 3 2 1 0
POWER SELECT RESISTOR SELECTION (1,2)
Output Power (dBm) 9 2 -4 -12 -70 PS Voltage (Volts) 1.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.1 R1 Resistance () open 100k 47k
(3) (3)
RF Transmitter Current (mA) 10.7 6.5 4.7 3.5 2.7
22k (3) short
Note 1: Standard Operating Conditions, TA = 25C, RFEN = 1, VDDRF = 3V, fTRANSMIT = 433.92 MHz 2: Typical values, for complete specifications see data sheet Section 13.0. 3: R1 resistor variations plus IPS current supply variations must not exceed VPS step limits.
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Preliminary
DS70091A-page 53
rfPIC12F675
9.9 Digital Control Signals
The mode control logic pin RFEN controls the operation of the transmitter. When RFEN goes high, the crystal oscillator starts up. The voltage on the LF pin ramps up proportionally to the RF frequency. The PLL can lock onto the frequency faster than the starting up crystal can stabilize. When the LF pin reaches 0.8V, the RF frequency is close to locked on the crystal frequency. This initiates a 150 microsecond delay to ensure that the PLL settles. After the delay, the PS bias current and power amplifier are enabled to start transmitting when DATAASK goes high. When RFEN is low, the transmitter goes into a very low power Standby mode. The power amplifier is disabled and the crystal oscillator stops. The RFEN pin has an internal pull-down resistor.
9.10
Low Voltage Output Disable
The rfPIC12F675 transmitter has a built in low voltage disable centered at about 1.85V. If the supply voltage drops below this voltage the power amplifier is disabled to prevent uncontrolled transmissions.
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Preliminary
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfPIC12F675
10.0 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CPU
The rfPIC12F675 has a Watchdog Timer that is controlled by configuration bits. It runs off its own RC oscillator for added reliability. There are two timers that offer necessary delays on power-up. One is the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST), intended to keep the chip in RESET until the crystal oscillator is stable. The other is the Power-up Timer (PWRT), which provides a fixed delay of 72 ms (nominal) on power-up only, designed to keep the part in RESET while the power supply stabilizes. There is also circuitry to reset the device if a brown-out occurs, which can provide at least a 72 ms RESET. With these three functions on-chip, most applications need no external RESET circuitry. The SLEEP mode is designed to offer a very low current Power-down mode. The user can wake-up from SLEEP through: * External RESET * Watchdog Timer wake-up * An interrupt Several oscillator options are also made available to allow the part to fit the application. The INTOSC option saves system cost while the LP crystal option saves power. A set of configuration bits are used to select various options (see Register 10-1).
Certain special circuits that deal with the needs of real time applications are what sets a microcontroller apart from other processors. The rfPIC12F675 Family has a host of such features intended to: * maximize system reliability * minimize cost through elimination of external components * provide power saving operating modes and offer code protection. These features are: * Oscillator selection * RESET - Power-on Reset (POR) - Power-up Timer (PWRT) - Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) - Brown-out Detect (BOD) * Interrupts * Watchdog Timer (WDT) * SLEEP * Code protection * ID Locations * In-Circuit Serial Programming
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Preliminary
DS70091A-page 55
rfPIC12F675
10.1 Configuration Bits
Note: Address 2007h is beyond the user program memory space. It belongs to the special configuration memory space (2000h 3FFFh), which can be accessed only during programming. See rfPIC12F675 Programming Specification for more information. The configuration bits can be programmed (read as '0'), or left unprogrammed (read as '1') to select various device configurations, as shown in Register 10-1. These bits are mapped in program memory location 2007h.
REGISTER 10-1:
R/P-1 R/P-1 BG1 bit 13 BG0 U-0 --
CONFIG -- CONFIGURATION WORD (ADDRESS: 2007h)
U-0 -- U-0 -- R/P-1 CPD R/P-1 CP R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 BODEN MCLRE PWRTE WDTE F0SC2 F0SC1 F0SC0 bit 0
bit 13-12
bit 11-9 bit 8
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2-0
BG1:BG0: Bandgap Calibration bits for BOD and POR voltage(1) 00 = Lowest bandgap voltage 11 = Highest bandgap voltage Unimplemented: Read as `0' CPD: Data Code Protection bit(2) 1 = Data memory code protection is disabled 0 = Data memory code protection is enabled CP: Code Protection bit(3) 1 = Program Memory code protection is disabled 0 = Program Memory code protection is enabled BODEN: Brown-out Detect Enable bit(4) 1 = BOD enabled 0 = BOD disabled MCLRE: GP3/MCLR pin function select(5) 1 = GP3/MCLR pin function is MCLR 0 = GP3/MCLR pin function is digital I/O, MCLR internally tied to VDD PWRTE: Power-up Timer Enable bit 1 = PWRT disabled 0 = PWRT enabled WDTE: Watchdog Timer Enable bit 1 = WDT enabled 0 = WDT disabled FOSC2:FOSC0: Oscillator Selection bits 111 = RC oscillator: CLKOUT function on GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT pin, RC on GP5/OSC1/CLKIN 110 = RC oscillator: I/O function on GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT pin, RC on GP5/OSC1/CLKIN 101 = INTOSC oscillator: CLKOUT function on GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT pin, I/O function on GP5/OSC1/CLKIN 100 = INTOSC oscillator: I/O function on GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT pin, I/O function on GP5/OSC1/CLKIN 011 = EC: I/O function on GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT pin, CLKIN on GP5/OSC1/CLKIN 010 = HS oscillator: High speed crystal/resonator on GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT and GP5/OSC1/CLKIN 001 = XT oscillator: Crystal/resonator on GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT and GP5/OSC1/CLKIN 000 = LP oscillator: Low power crystal on GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT and GP5/OSC1/CLKIN Note 1: The Bandgap Calibration bits are factory programmed and must be read and saved prior to erasing the device as specified in the rfPIC12F675 Programming Specification. These bits are reflected in an export of the configuration word. Microchip Development Tools maintain all calibration bits to factory settings. 2: The entire data EEPROM will be erased when the code protection is turned off. 3: The entire program memory will be erased, including OSCCAL value, when the code protection is turned off. 4: Enabling Brown-out Detect does not automatically enable Power-up Timer. 5: When MCLR is asserted in INTOSC or RC mode, the internal clock oscillator is disabled. Legend: P = Programmed using ICSP R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit 1 = bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' 0 = bit is cleared x = bit is unknown
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DS70091A-page 56
Preliminary
rfPIC12F675
10.2
10.2.1
Oscillator Configurations
OSCILLATOR TYPES
FIGURE 10-2:
The rfPIC12F675 can be operated in eight different Oscillator Option modes. The user can program three configuration bits (FOSC2 through FOSC0) to select one of these eight modes: * * * * * * LP Low Power Crystal XT Crystal/Resonator HS High Speed Crystal/Resonator RC External Resistor/Capacitor (2 modes) INTOSC Internal Oscillator (2 modes) EC External Clock In Note: Additional information on oscillator configurations is available in the PICmicroTM Mid-Range Reference Manual, (DS33023)
EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT OPERATION (HS, XT, EC, OR LP OSC CONFIGURATION)
Clock from External System
OSC1 PIC12F629/675 OSC2(1)
Open
Note 1: Functions as GP4 in EC Osc mode.
TABLE 10-1:
CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR CERAMIC RESONATORS
Ranges Characterized:
Mode XT
Freq 455 kHz 2.0 MHz 4.0 MHz 8.0 MHz 16.0 MHz
OSC1(C1) 68 - 100 pF 15 - 68 pF 15 - 68 pF 10 - 68 pF 10 - 22 pF
OSC2(C2) 68 - 100 pF 15 - 68 pF 15 - 68 pF 10 - 68 pF 10 - 22 pF
10.2.2
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR / CERAMIC RESONATORS
In XT, LP or HS modes a crystal or ceramic resonator is connected to the OSC1 and OSC2 pins to establish oscillation (see Figure 10-1). The rfPIC12F675 oscillator design requires the use of a parallel cut crystal. Use of a series cut crystal may yield a frequency outside of the crystal manufacturers specifications. When in XT, LP or HS modes, the device can have an external clock source to drive the OSC1 pin (see Figure 10-2).
HS
FIGURE 10-1:
CRYSTAL OPERATION (OR CERAMIC RESONATOR) HS, XT OR LP OSC CONFIGURATION
OSC1 To Internal Logic
Note 1: Higher capacitance increases the stability of the oscillator but also increases the start-up time. These values are for design guidance only. Since each resonator has its own characteristics, the user should consult the resonator manufacturer for appropriate values of external components.
TABLE 10-2:
Mode
CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
OSC1(C1) 68 - 100 pF 68 - 150 pF 15 - 30 pF 15 - 30 pF 15 - 30 pF 15 - 30 pF 15 - 30 pF OSC2(C2) 68 - 100 pF 150 - 200 pF 15 - 30 pF 15 - 30 pF 15 - 30 pF 15 - 30 pF 15 - 30 pF
Freq 32 kHz 100 kHz 2 MHz 4 MHz 8 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz
C1(1) XTAL OSC2 C2(1) Note 1: 2: 3: RS(2) RF
(3)
LP XT
SLEEP
HS
PIC12F629/675
See Table 10-1 and Table 10-2 for recommended values of C1 and C2. A series resistor may be required for AT strip cut crystals. RF varies with the Oscillator mode selected (Approx. value = 10 M).
Note 1: Higher capacitance increases the stability of the oscillator but also increases the start-up time. These values are for design guidance only. Rs may be required in HS mode as well as XT mode to avoid overdriving crystals with low drive level specification. Since each crystal has its own characteristics, the user should consult the crystal manufacturer for appropriate values of external components.
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Preliminary
DS70091A-page 57
rfPIC12F675
10.2.3 EXTERNAL CLOCK IN 10.2.5 INTERNAL 4 MHZ OSCILLATOR
For applications where a clock is already available elsewhere, users may directly drive the rfPIC12F675 provided that this external clock source meets the AC/ DC timing requirements listed in Section 13.0. Figure 10-2 shows how an external clock circuit should be configured. Note: The microcontroller oscillator is independent of the RF peripheral oscillator. An accurate time-base is still possible with only one crystal. Use the RF crystal on transmitter and tie the REFCLK signal back into T0CKI or T1CKI to correct the RC, INTOSC, or EC clocks. Since REFCLK is only active when RFEN=1, it is not a suitable source for CLKIN. When calibrated, the internal oscillator provides a fixed 4 MHz (nominal) system clock. See Electrical Specifications, Section 13.0, for information on variation over voltage and temperature. Two options are available for this Oscillator mode which allow GP4 to be used as a general purpose I/O or to output FOSC/4.
10.2.5.1
Calibrating the Internal Oscillator
10.2.4
RC OSCILLATOR
A calibration instruction is programmed into the last location of program memory. This instruction is a RETLW XX, where the literal is the calibration value. The literal is placed in the OSCCAL register to set the calibration of the internal oscillator. Example 10-1 demonstrates how to calibrate the internal oscillator. For best operation, decouple (with capacitance) VDD and VSS as close to the device as possible. Note: Erasing the device will also erase the preprogrammed internal calibration value for the internal oscillator. The calibration value must be saved prior to erasing part as specified in the rfPIC12F675 Programming specification. Microchip Development Tools maintain all calibration bits to factory settings.
For applications where precise timing is not a requirement, the RC oscillator option is available. The operation and functionality of the RC oscillator is dependent upon a number of variables. The RC oscillator frequency is a function of: * Supply voltage * Resistor (REXT) and capacitor (CEXT) values * Operating temperature The oscillator frequency will vary from unit to unit due to normal process parameter variation. The difference in lead frame capacitance between package types will also affect the oscillation frequency, especially for low CEXT values. The user also needs to account for the tolerance of the external R and C components. Figure 10-3 shows how the R/C combination is connected. Two options are available for this Oscillator mode which allow GP4 to be used as a general purpose I/O or to output FOSC/4.
EXAMPLE 10-1:
bsf call movwf bcf
CALIBRATING THE INTERNAL OSCILLATOR
;Bank 1 ;Get the cal value ;Calibrate ;Bank 0
STATUS, RP0 3FFh OSCCAL STATUS, RP0
10.2.6
CLKOUT
FIGURE 10-3:
VDD
RC OSCILLATOR MODE
The rfPIC12F675 devices can be configured to provide a clock out signal in the INTOSC and RC oscillator modes. When configured, the oscillator frequency divided by four (FOSC/4) is output on the GP4/OSC2/ CLKOUT pin. FOSC/4 can be used for test purposes or to synchronize other logic.
PIC12F629/675 REXT GP5/OSC1/ CLKIN Internal Clock
CEXT VSS FOSC/4 GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT
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rfPIC12F675
10.3 RESET
The rfPIC12F675 differentiates between various kinds of RESET: a) b) c) d) e) f) Power-on Reset (POR) WDT Reset during normal operation WDT Reset during SLEEP MCLR Reset during normal operation MCLR Reset during SLEEP Brown-out Detect (BOD) They are not affected by a WDT wake-up, since this is viewed as the resumption of normal operation. TO and PD bits are set or cleared differently in different RESET situations as indicated in Table 10-4. These bits are used in software to determine the nature of the RESET. See Table 10-7 for a full description of RESET states of all registers. A simplified block diagram of the On-Chip Reset Circuit is shown in Figure 10-4. The MCLR Reset path has a noise filter to detect and ignore small pulses. See Table 13-4 in Electrical Specifications Section for pulse width specification.
Some registers are not affected in any RESET condition; their status is unknown on POR and unchanged in any other RESET. Most other registers are reset to a "RESET state" on: * * * * * Power-on Reset MCLR Reset WDT Reset WDT Reset during SLEEP Brown-out Detect (BOD) Reset
FIGURE 10-4:
SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT
External Reset
MCLR/ VPP pin WDT Module VDD Rise Detect VDD Brown-out Detect WDT
SLEEP
Time-out Reset
Power-on Reset S
BODEN OST/PWRT OST 10-bit Ripple Counter OSC1/ CLKIN pin On-chip(1) RC OSC PWRT 10-bit Ripple Counter
Q
Chip_Reset R Q
Enable PWRT Enable OST
See Table 10-3 for time-out situations.
Note
1:
This is a separate oscillator from the INTOSC/EC oscillator.
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Preliminary
DS70091A-page 59
rfPIC12F675
10.3.1
MCLR
10.3.3
POWER-UP TIMER (PWRT)
The rfPIC12F675 devices have a noise filter in the MCLR Reset path. The filter will detect and ignore small pulses. It should be noted that a WDT Reset does not drive MCLR pin low. The behavior of the ESD protection on the MCLR pin has been altered from previous devices of this family. Voltages applied to the pin that exceed its specification can result in both MCLR Resets and excessive current beyond the device specification during the ESD event. For this reason, Microchip recommends that the MCLR pin no longer be tied directly to VDD. The use of an RC network, as shown in Figure 10-5, is suggested. An internal MCLR option is enabled by setting the MCLRE bit in the configuration word. When enabled, MCLR is internally tied to VDD. No internal pull-up option is available for the MCLR pin.
The Power-up Timer provides a fixed 72 ms (nominal) time-out on power-up only, from POR or Brown-out Detect. The Power-up Timer operates on an internal RC oscillator. The chip is kept in RESET as long as PWRT is active. The PWRT delay allows the VDD to rise to an acceptable level. A configuration bit, PWRTE can disable (if set) or enable (if cleared or programmed) the Power-up Timer. The Power-up Timer should always be enabled when Brown-out Detect is enabled. The Power-up Time delay will vary from chip to chip and due to: * VDD variation * Temperature variation * Process variation See DC parameters for details (Section 13.0).
10.3.4 FIGURE 10-5:
VDD R1 1 k (or greater) MCLR C1 0.1 f (optional, not critical)
RECOMMENDED MCLR CIRCUIT
PIC12F629/675
OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER (OST)
The Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) provides a 1024 oscillator cycle (from OSC1 input) delay after the PWRT delay is over. This ensures that the crystal oscillator or resonator has started and stabilized. The OST time-out is invoked only for XT, LP and HS modes and only on Power-on Reset or wake-up from SLEEP.
10.3.2
POWER-ON RESET (POR)
The on-chip POR circuit holds the chip in RESET until VDD has reached a high enough level for proper operation. To take advantage of the POR, simply tie the MCLR pin through a resistor to VDD. This will eliminate external RC components usually needed to create Power-on Reset. A maximum rise time for VDD is required. See Electrical Specifications for details (see Section 13.0). Note: The POR circuit does not produce an internal RESET when VDD declines.
When the device starts normal operation (exits the RESET condition), device operating parameters (i.e., voltage, frequency, temperature, etc.) must be met to ensure operation. If these conditions are not met, the device must be held in RESET until the operating conditions are met. For additional information, refer to Application Note AN607 "Power-up Trouble Shooting".
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Preliminary
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfPIC12F675
10.3.5 BROWN-OUT DETECT (BOD)
The rfPIC12F675 members have on-chip Brown-out Detect circuitry. A configuration bit, BODEN, can disable (if clear/programmed) or enable (if set) the Brown-out Detect circuitry. If VDD falls below VBOD for greater than parameter (TBOD) in Table 13-4 (see Section 13.0), the Brown-out situation will reset the device. This will occur regardless of VDD slew-rate. A RESET is not guaranteed to occur if VDD falls below VBOD for less than parameter (TBOD). On any RESET (Power-on, Brown-out, Watchdog, etc.), the chip will remain in RESET until VDD rises above BVDD (see Figure 10-6). The Power-up Timer will now be invoked, if enabled, and will keep the chip in RESET an additional 72 ms. Note: A Brown-out Detect does not enable the Power-up Timer if the PWRTE bit in the configuration word is set.
If VDD drops below BVDD while the Power-up Timer is running, the chip will go back into a Brown-out Detect and the Power-up Timer will be re-initialized. Once VDD rises above BVDD, the Power-up Timer will execute a 72 ms RESET.
FIGURE 10-6:
VDD
BROWN-OUT SITUATIONS
VBOD
Internal RESET
72 ms(1)
VDD VBOD
Internal RESET
<72 ms
72 ms(1)
VDD VBOD
Internal RESET
72 ms(1)
Note 1: 72 ms delay only if PWRTE bit is programmed to `0'.
10.3.6
TIME-OUT SEQUENCE
10.3.7
On power-up, the time-out sequence is as follows: first, PWRT time-out is invoked after POR has expired. Then, OST is activated. The total time-out will vary based on oscillator configuration and PWRTE bit status. For example, in EC mode with PWRTE bit erased (PWRT disabled), there will be no time-out at all. Figure 10-7, Figure 10-8 and Figure 10-9 depict time-out sequences. Since the time-outs occur from the POR pulse, if MCLR is kept low long enough, the time-outs will expire. Then bringing MCLR high will begin execution immediately (see Figure 10-8). This is useful for testing purposes or to synchronize more than one rfPIC12F675 device operating in parallel. Table 10-6 shows the RESET conditions for some special registers, while Table 10-7 shows the RESET conditions for all the registers.
POWER CONTROL (PCON) STATUS REGISTER
register, PCON
The power CONTROL/STATUS (address 8Eh) has two bits.
Bit0 is BOD (Brown-out). BOD is unknown on Poweron Reset. It must then be set by the user and checked on subsequent RESETS to see if BOD = 0, indicating that a brown-out has occurred. The BOD STATUS bit is a don't care and is not necessarily predictable if the brown-out circuit is disabled (by setting BODEN bit = 0 in the Configuration word). Bit1 is POR (Power-on Reset). It is a `0' on Power-on Reset and unaffected otherwise. The user must write a `1' to this bit following a Power-on Reset. On a subsequent RESET, if POR is `0', it will indicate that a Power-on Reset must have occurred (i.e., VDD may have gone too low).
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rfPIC12F675
TABLE 10-3: TIME-OUT IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS
Power-up Oscillator Configuration PWRTE = 0 XT, HS, LP RC, EC, INTOSC TPWRT + 1024*TOSC TPWRT PWRTE = 1 1024*TOSC -- PWRTE = 0 TPWRT + 1024*TOSC TPWRT PWRTE = 1 1024*TOSC -- Brown-out Detect Wake-up from SLEEP 1024*TOSC --
TABLE 10-4:
POR 0 1 u u u u
STATUS/PCON BITS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
TO 1 1 0 0 u 1 PD 1 1 u 0 u 0 Power-on Reset Brown-out Detect WDT Reset WDT Wake-up MCLR Reset during normal operation MCLR Reset during SLEEP
BOD u 0 u u u u
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown
TABLE 10-5:
Address 03h 8Eh
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH BROWN-OUT
Bit 7 IRP -- Bit 6 RP1 -- Bit 5 RPO -- Bit 4 TO -- Bit 3 PD -- Bit 2 Z -- Bit 1 DC POR Bit 0 C BOD Value on POR, BOD Value on all other RESETS(1)
Name STATUS PCON
0001 1xxx 000q quuu ---- --0x ---- --uq
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, reads as `0', q = value depends on condition. Note 1: Other (non Power-up) Resets include MCLR Reset, Brown-out Detect and Watchdog Timer Reset during normal operation.
TABLE 10-6:
INITIALIZATION CONDITION FOR SPECIAL REGISTERS
Condition Program Counter 000h 000h 000h 000h PC + 1 000h PC + 1(1) STATUS Register 0001 1xxx 000u uuuu 0001 0uuu 0000 uuuu uuu0 0uuu 0001 1uuu uuu1 0uuu PCON Register ---- --0x ---- --uu ---- --uu ---- --uu ---- --uu ---- --10 ---- --uu
Power-on Reset MCLR Reset during normal operation MCLR Reset during SLEEP WDT Reset WDT Wake-up Brown-out Detect Interrupt Wake-up from SLEEP
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, reads as `0'. Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and global enable bit GIE is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (0004h) after execution of PC+1.
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rfPIC12F675
TABLE 10-7: INITIALIZATION CONDITION FOR REGISTERS
Power-on Reset * MCLR Reset during normal operation * MCLR Reset during SLEEP * WDT Reset * Brown-out Detect(1) uuuu uuuu -- uuuu uuuu 0000 0000 000q quuu(4) uuuu uuuu --uu uuuu ---0 0000 0000 000u 00-- 0--0 -uuu uuuu -0-0 0000 uuuu uuuu 00-- 0000 1111 1111 --11 1111 00-- 0--0 ---- --uu(1,6) 1000 00---11 -111 --00 0000 0-0- 0000 0000 0000 -000 0000 ---- q000 ---- ---uuuu uuuu -000 1111 * Wake-up from SLEEP through interrupt * Wake-up from SLEEP through WDT time-out uuuu uuuu -- uuuu uuuu PC + 1(3) uuuq quuu(4) uuuu uuuu --uu uuuu ---u uuuu uuuu uuqq(2) qq-- q--q(2,5) -uuu uuuu -u-u uuuu uuuu uuuu uu-- uuuu uuuu uuuu --uu uuuu uu-- u--u ---- --uu uuuu uu-uuuu uuuu --uu uuuu u-u- uuuu uuuu uuuu -uuu uuuu ---- uuuu ---- ---uuuu uuuu -uuu uuuu
Register
Address
W INDF TMR0 PCL STATUS FSR GPIO PCLATH INTCON PIR1 T1CON CMCON ADRESH ADCON0 OPTION_REG TRISIO PIE1 PCON OSCCAL WPU IOC VRCON EEDATA EEADR EECON1 EECON2 ADRESL ANSEL Legend: Note 1: 2: 3:
-- 00h/80h 01h 02h/82h 03h/83h 04h/84h 05h 0Ah/8Ah 0Bh/8Bh 0Ch 10h 19h 1Eh 1Fh 81h 85h 8Ch 8Eh 90h 95h 96h 99h 9Ah 9Bh 9Ch 9Dh 9Eh 9Fh
xxxx xxxx -- xxxx xxxx 0000 0000 0001 1xxx xxxx xxxx --xx xxxx ---0 0000 0000 0000 00-- 0--0 -000 0000 -0-0 0000 xxxx xxxx 00-- 0000 1111 1111 --11 1111 00-- 0--0 ---- --0x 1000 00---11 -111 --00 0000 0-0- 0000 0000 0000 -000 0000 ---- x000 ---- ---xxxx xxxx -000 1111
u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, reads as `0', q = value depends on condition. If VDD goes too low, Power-on Reset will be activated and registers will be affected differently. One or more bits in INTCON and/or PIR1 will be affected (to cause wake-up). When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (0004h). 4: See Table 10-6 for RESET value for specific condition. 5: If wake-up was due to data EEPROM write completing, Bit 7 = 1; A/D conversion completing, Bit 6 = 1; Comparator input changing, bit 3 = 1; or Timer1 rolling over, bit 0 = 1. All other interrupts generating a wake-up will cause these bits to = u. 6: If RESET was due to brown-out, then bit 0 = 0. All other RESETS will cause bit 0 = u.
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rfPIC12F675
FIGURE 10-7: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 1
VDD MCLR Internal POR TPWRT PWRT Time-out
TOST
OST Time-out
Internal RESET
FIGURE 10-8:
TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 2
VDD MCLR Internal POR TPWRT PWRT Time-out
TOST
OST Time-out
Internal RESET
FIGURE 10-9:
VDD MCLR Internal POR
TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD)
TPWRT PWRT Time-out
TOST
OST Time-out
Internal RESET
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rfPIC12F675
10.4
* * * * * * *
Interrupts
The rfPIC12F675 has 7 sources of interrupt: External Interrupt GP2/INT TMR0 Overflow Interrupt GPIO Change Interrupts Comparator Interrupt A/D Interrupt TMR1 Overflow Interrupt EEPROM Data Write Interrupt
interrupt flag bit(s) must be cleared in software before re-enabling interrupts to avoid multiple interrupt requests. Note 1: Individual interrupt flag bits are set, regardless of the status of their corresponding mask bit or the GIE bit. 2: When an instruction that clears the GIE bit is executed, any interrupts that were pending for execution in the next cycle are ignored. The interrupts which were ignored are still pending to be serviced when the GIE bit is set again.
The Interrupt Control register (INTCON) and Peripheral Interrupt register (PIR) record individual interrupt requests in flag bits. The INTCON register also has individual and global interrupt enable bits. A global interrupt enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>) enables (if set) all unmasked interrupts, or disables (if cleared) all interrupts. Individual interrupts can be disabled through their corresponding enable bits in INTCON register and PIE register. GIE is cleared on RESET. The return from interrupt instruction, RETFIE, exits interrupt routine, as well as sets the GIE bit, which re-enables unmasked interrupts. The following interrupt flags are contained in the INTCON register: * INT pin interrupt * GP port change interrupt * TMR0 overflow interrupt The peripheral interrupt flags are contained in the special register PIR1. The corresponding interrupt enable bit is contained in Special Register PIE1. The following interrupt flags are contained in the PIR register: * * * * EEPROM data write interrupt A/D interrupt Comparator interrupt Timer1 overflow interrupt
When an interrupt is serviced: * The GIE is cleared to disable any further interrupt * The return address is pushed onto the stack * The PC is loaded with 0004h Once in the Interrupt Service Routine, the source(s) of the interrupt can be determined by polling the interrupt flag bits. The interrupt flag bit(s) must be cleared in software before re-enabling interrupts to avoid GP2/ INT recursive interrupts. For external interrupt events, such as the INT pin, or GP port change interrupt, the interrupt latency will be three or four instruction cycles. The exact latency depends upon when the interrupt event occurs (see Figure 10-11). The latency is the same for one or twocycle instructions. Once in the Interrupt Service Routine, the source(s) of the interrupt can be determined by polling the interrupt flag bits. The
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FIGURE 10-10:
IOC-GP0 IOC0 IOC-GP1 IOC1 IOC-GP2 IOC2 IOC-GP3 IOC3 IOC-GP4 IOC4 IOC-GP5 IOC5 T0IF T0IE INTF INTE GPIF GPIE PEIE GIE Wake-up (If in SLEEP mode)
INTERRUPT LOGIC
TMR1IF TMR1IE CMIF CMIE ADIF ADIE EEIF EEIE
Interrupt to CPU
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10.4.1 GP2/INT INTERRUPT 10.4.3 GPIO INTERRUPT
External interrupt on GP2/INT pin is edge-triggered; either rising if INTEDG bit (OPTION<6>) is set, of falling, if INTEDG bit is clear. When a valid edge appears on the GP2/INT pin, the INTF bit (INTCON<1>) is set. This interrupt can be disabled by clearing the INTE control bit (INTCON<4>). The INTF bit must be cleared in software in the Interrupt Service Routine before re-enabling this interrupt. The GP2/INT interrupt can wake-up the processor from SLEEP if the INTE bit was set prior to going into SLEEP. The status of the GIE bit decides whether or not the processor branches to the interrupt vector following wake-up. See Section 10.9 for details on SLEEP and Figure 10-13 for timing of wake-up from SLEEP through GP2/INT interrupt. Note: The ANSEL (9Fh) and CMCON (19h) registers must be initialized to configure an analog channel as a digital input. Pins configured as analog inputs will read `0'. An input change on GPIO change sets the GPIF (INTCON<0>) bit. The interrupt can be enabled/ disabled by setting/clearing the GPIE (INTCON<3>) bit. Plus individual pins can be configured through the IOC register. Note: If a change on the I/O pin should occur when the read operation is being executed (start of the Q2 cycle), then the GPIF interrupt flag may not get set.
10.4.4
COMPARATOR INTERRUPT
See Section 6.9 for description of comparator interrupt.
10.4.5
A/D CONVERTER INTERRUPT
After a conversion is complete, the ADIF flag (PIR<6>) is set. The interrupt can be enabled/disabled by setting or clearing ADIE (PIE<6>). See Section 7.0 for operation of the A/D converter interrupt.
10.4.2
TMR0 INTERRUPT
An overflow (FFh 00h) in the TMR0 register will set the T0IF (INTCON<2>) bit. The interrupt can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing T0IE (INTCON<5>) bit. For operation of the Timer0 module, see Section 4.0.
FIGURE 10-11:
Q1 OSC1 CLKOUT 3
INT PIN INTERRUPT TIMING
Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
4 INT pin INTF Flag (INTCON<1>) GIE bit (INTCON<7>) INSTRUCTION FLOW PC Instruction Fetched Instruction Executed 1 5 1 Interrupt Latency 2
PC
PC+1 Inst (PC+1) Inst (PC)
PC+1 -- Dummy Cycle
0004h Inst (0004h) Dummy Cycle
0005h Inst (0005h) Inst (0004h)
Inst (PC) Inst (PC-1)
Note 1: INTF flag is sampled here (every Q1). 2: Asynchronous interrupt latency = 3-4 TCY. Synchronous latency = 3 TCY, where TCY = instruction cycle time. Latency is the same whether Inst (PC) is a single cycle or a 2-cycle instruction. 3: CLKOUT is available only in RC Oscillator mode. 4: For minimum width of INT pulse, refer to AC specs. 5: INTF is enabled to be set any time during the Q4-Q1 cycles.
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TABLE 10-8:
Address Name
SUMMARY OF INTERRUPT REGISTERS
Bit 7 GIE EEIF EEIE Bit 6 PEIE ADIF ADIE Bit 5 T0IE -- -- Bit 4 INTE -- -- Bit 3 GPIE CMIF CMIE Bit 2 T0IF -- -- Bit 1 INTF -- -- Bit 0 GPIF Value on POR, BOD Value on all other RESETS
0Bh, 8Bh INTCON 0Ch 8Ch PIR1 PIE1
0000 0000 0000 000u
TMR1IF 00-- 0--0 00-- 0--0 TMR1IE 00-- 0--0 00-- 0--0
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented read as '0', q = value depends upon condition. Shaded cells are not used by the Interrupt module.
10.5
Context Saving During Interrupts
10.6
Watchdog Timer (WDT)
During an interrupt, only the return PC value is saved on the stack. Typically, users may wish to save key registers during an interrupt, (e.g., W register and STATUS register). This must be implemented in software. Example 10-2 stores and restores the STATUS and W registers. The user register, W_TEMP, must be defined in both banks and must be defined at the same offset from the bank base address (i.e., W_TEMP is defined at 0x20 in Bank 0 and it must also be defined at 0xA0 in Bank 1). The user register, STATUS_TEMP, must be defined in Bank 0. The Example 10-2: * * * * Stores the W register Stores the STATUS register in Bank 0 Executes the ISR code Restores the STATUS (and bank select bit register) * Restores the W register
The Watchdog Timer is a free running, on-chip RC oscillator, which requires no external components. This RC oscillator is separate from the external RC oscillator of the CLKIN pin and INTOSC. That means that the WDT will run, even if the clock on the OSC1 and OSC2 pins of the device has been stopped (for example, by execution of a SLEEP instruction). During normal operation, a WDT time-out generates a device RESET. If the device is in SLEEP mode, a WDT time-out causes the device to wake-up and continue with normal operation. The WDT can be permanently disabled by programming the configuration bit WDTE as clear (Section 10.1).
10.6.1
WDT PERIOD
EXAMPLE 10-2:
MOVWF SWAPF BCF W_TEMP STATUS,W STATUS,RP0
SAVING THE STATUS AND W REGISTERS IN RAM
;copy W to temp register, could be in either bank ;swap status to be saved into W ;change to bank 0 regardless of current bank ;save status to bank 0 register
The WDT has a nominal time-out period of 18 ms, (with no prescaler). The time-out periods vary with temperature, VDD and process variations from part to part (see DC specs). If longer time-out periods are desired, a prescaler with a division ratio of up to 1:128 can be assigned to the WDT under software control by writing to the OPTION register. Thus, time-out periods up to 2.3 seconds can be realized. The CLRWDT and SLEEP instructions clear the WDT and the prescaler, if assigned to the WDT, and prevent it from timing out and generating a device RESET. The TO bit in the STATUS register will be cleared upon a Watchdog Timer time-out.
MOVWF STATUS_TEMP : :(ISR) : SWAPF STATUS_TEMP,W;swap STATUS_TEMP register into W, sets bank to original state MOVWF STATUS ;move W into STATUS register SWAPF W_TEMP,F ;swap W_TEMP SWAPF W_TEMP,W ;swap W_TEMP into W
10.6.2
WDT PROGRAMMING CONSIDERATIONS
It should also be taken in account that under worst case conditions (i.e., VDD = Min., Temperature = Max., Max. WDT prescaler) it may take several seconds before a WDT time-out occurs.
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FIGURE 10-12:
CLKOUT (= FOSC/4) 0 1 1 T0CKI pin T0SE T0CS 1 8 0 8-bit Prescaler 0 Set Flag bit T0IF on Overflow PSA SYNC 2 Cycles TMR0
WATCHDOG TIMER BLOCK DIAGRAM
Data Bus 8
PSA
PS0 - PS2 Watchdog Timer
1 WDT Time-out 0
WDTE
PSA
Note 1: T0SE, T0CS, PSA, PS0-PS2 are bits in the Option register.
TABLE 10-9:
Address
SUMMARY OF WATCHDOG TIMER REGISTERS
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOD Value on all other RESETS
Name
81h 2007h
OPTION_REG GPPU INTEDG Config. bits CP
T0CS
T0SE
PSA
PS2 F0SC2
PS1 F0SC1
PS0 F0SC0
1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
BODEN MCLRE PWRTE WDTE
Legend: u = Unchanged, shaded cells are not used by the Watchdog Timer.
10.7
ID Locations
10.8
Code Protection
Four memory locations (2000h-2003h) are designated as ID locations where the user can store checksum or other code identification numbers. These locations are not accessible during normal execution but are readable and writable during Program/Verify. Only the Least Significant 7 bits of the ID locations are used.
If the code protection bit(s) have not been programmed, the on-chip program memory can be read out for verification purposes. Note: The entire data EEPROM and FLASH program memory will be erased when the code protection is turned off. The INTOSC calibration data is also erased. See rfPIC12F675 Programming Specification for more information.
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10.9 Power-Down Mode (SLEEP)
The Power-down mode is entered by executing a SLEEP instruction. If the Watchdog Timer is enabled: * * * * * WDT will be cleared but keeps running PD bit in the STATUS register is cleared TO bit is set Oscillator driver is turned off I/O ports maintain the status they had before SLEEP was executed (driving high, low, or hi-impedance). 1. 2. 3. External RESET input on MCLR pin Watchdog Timer Wake-up (if WDT was enabled) Interrupt from GP2/INT pin, GPIO change, or a peripheral interrupt.
The first event will cause a device RESET. The two latter events are considered a continuation of program execution. The TO and PD bits in the STATUS register can be used to determine the cause of device RESET. The PD bit, which is set on power-up, is cleared when SLEEP is invoked. TO bit is cleared if WDT Wake-up occurred. When the SLEEP instruction is being executed, the next instruction (PC + 1) is pre-fetched. For the device to wake-up through an interrupt event, the corresponding interrupt enable bit must be set (enabled). Wake-up is regardless of the state of the GIE bit. If the GIE bit is clear (disabled), the device continues execution at the instruction after the SLEEP instruction. If the GIE bit is set (enabled), the device executes the instruction after the SLEEP instruction, then branches to the interrupt address (0004h). In cases where the execution of the instruction following SLEEP is not desirable, the user should have an NOP after the SLEEP instruction. Note: If the global interrupts are disabled (GIE is cleared), but any interrupt source has both its interrupt enable bit and the corresponding interrupt flag bits set, the device will immediately wake-up from SLEEP. The SLEEP instruction is completely executed.
For lowest current consumption in this mode, all I/O pins should be either at VDD, or VSS, with no external circuitry drawing current from the I/O pin and the comparators and CVREF should be disabled. I/O pins that are hi-impedance inputs should be pulled high or low externally to avoid switching currents caused by floating inputs. The T0CKI input should also be at VDD or VSS for lowest current consumption. The contribution from on-chip pull-ups on GPIO should be considered. The MCLR pin must be at a logic high level (VIHMC). Note: It should be noted that a RESET generated by a WDT time-out does not drive MCLR pin low.
10.9.1
WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP
The device can wake-up from SLEEP through one of the following events:
The WDT is cleared when the device wakes up from SLEEP, regardless of the source of wake-up.
FIGURE 10-13:
WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP THROUGH INTERRUPT
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 TOST(2)
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 OSC1 CLKOUT(4) INT pin INTF flag (INTCON<1>) GIE bit (INTCON<7>) INSTRUCTION FLOW PC PC Instruction Fetched Instruction Executed Note 1: 2: 3: 4: Inst(PC) = SLEEP Inst(PC - 1) Processor in SLEEP
Interrupt Latency (Note 2)
PC+1 Inst(PC + 1) SLEEP
PC+2
PC+2 Inst(PC + 2) Inst(PC + 1)
PC + 2
0004h Inst(0004h)
0005h Inst(0005h) Inst(0004h)
Dummy cycle
Dummy cycle
XT, HS or LP Oscillator mode assumed. TOST = 1024TOSC (drawing not to scale). Approximately 1 s delay will be there for RC Osc mode. See Section 12 for wake-up from SLEEP delay in INTOSC mode. GIE = '1' assumed. In this case after wake-up, the processor jumps to the interrupt routine. If GIE = '0', execution will continue in-line. CLKOUT is not available in XT, HS, LP or EC Osc modes, but shown here for timing reference.
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FIGURE 10-14: TYPICAL IN-CIRCUIT SERIAL PROGRAMMING CONNECTION
To Normal Connections rfPIC12F675 VDD VSS GP3/MCLR/VPP GP1 GP0
FIGURE 10-15:
PARALLEL DIP SOCKET FOR EMULATION
1 PIC12F675 8 7 6 5
External Connector Signals +5V 0V VPP CLK Data I/O
2 3 4
VDD GP5
VSS GP0 GP1 GP2
VDD
GP4 GP3
rfPIC12F675
To Normal Connections
10.10 In-Circuit Serial Programming
The rfPIC12F675 microcontrollers can be serially programmed while in the end application circuit. This is done with two lines for clock and data, and three lines for power, ground, and programming voltage. This allows customers to manufacture boards with unprogrammed devices, and then program the microcontroller before shipping the product. This also allows the most recent firmware or custom firmware to be programmed. The device is placed into a Program/Verify mode by holding the GP0 and GP1 pins low, while raising the MCLR (VPP) pin from VIL to VIHH (see Programming Specification). GP0 becomes the programming data and GP1 becomes the programming clock. Both GP0 and GP1 are Schmitt Trigger inputs in this mode. After RESET, to place the device into Programming/ Verify mode, the program counter (PC) is at location 00h. A 6-bit command is then supplied to the device. Depending on the command, 14-bits of program data are then supplied to or from the device, depending on whether the command was a load or a read. For complete details of serial programming, please refer to the Programming Specifications document. A typical In-Circuit Serial Programming connection is shown in Figure 10-14. The programming connections are isolated from conflicting outputs and capacitive loads by the 3 resistors. The VDD connection on MCLR may not be required if the pin is configured as GP3. Do not place sensitive circuitry on the GP3/MCLR pin without protection since the VPP signal goes well above VDD during programming.
10.11 In-Circuit Debugging
Since in-circuit debugging requires the loss of clock, data and MCLR pins, MPLAB(R) ICD 2 development with an 8-pin microcontroller is not practical. Since the MPLAB ICE 2000 emulation module leads would be too long for the RF signals the following debug/emulation strategy is recommended. Build a prototype board with all your digital, analog, and RF circuitry. Add an 8 pin DIP socket for the PIC12F675 debugging. Connect the socket as shown in Figure 1015. When soldering the rfPIC12F675 down bend up pins 1-4 and 17-20 so that they do not contact the board. A PIC12F675 or emulation/debugging development tool can be plugged into the socket as in Figure 10-16. This test method encourages RF development to start early, as soon as the firmware can toggle the RF enable and data lines. The socket can even be left in the final layout for in-circuit production programming. A simple method for programming is to solder all the rfPIC12F675 pins to the board and move the 8-pin DIP socket to the back side of the board. Then use the 8-pin standoff from the MPLAB ICE 2000 emulator to connect the PCB to a programmer such as the Pro Mate(R) II or PICkitTM 1 as in Figure 10-17. There is an ICD 2 header inteface board for the PIC12F675, part number AC162050. This special ICD module is mounted on the top of a header and its
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signals are routed to the MPLAB ICD 2 connector. On the bottom of the header is an 8-pin socket that plugs into the user's target via the 8-pin standoff connector. When the ICD pin on the PIC12F675-ICD device is held low, the In-Circuit Debugger functionality is enabled. This function allows simple debugging functions when used with MPLAB ICD 2. When the microcontroller has this feature enabled, some of the resources are not available for general use. Table 10-10 shows resources consumed by the background debugger:
TABLE 10-10: DEBUGGER RESOURCES
I/O pins Stack Program Memory ICDCLK, ICDDATA 1 level Address 0h must be NOP 300h - 3FEh
For more information, see 8-Pin MPLAB ICD 2 Header Information Sheet (DS51292) available on Microchip's website (www.microchip.com).
FIGURE 10-16:
IN-CIRCUIT DEBUGGING USING THE PARALLEL DIP SOCKET
DVA12XP081 or AC162050
To MPLAB ICE 2000 PCM12XB0
Standoff
rfPIC12F675
Socket
FIGURE 10-17:
IN-CIRCUIT PROGRAMMING USING THE PARALLEL DIP SOCKET
rfPIC12F675
Socket
Standoff
Programmer
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11.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY
The rfPIC12F675 instruction set is highly orthogonal and is comprised of three basic categories: * Byte-oriented operations * Bit-oriented operations * Literal and control operations Each rfPIC12F675 instruction is a 14-bit word divided into an opcode, which specifies the instruction type, and one or more operands, which further specify the operation of the instruction. The formats for each of the categories is presented in Figure 11-1, while the various opcode fields are summarized in Table 11-1. Table 11-2 lists the instructions recognized by the MPASMTM assembler. A complete description of each instruction is also available in the PICmicroTM Mid-Range Reference Manual (DS33023). For byte-oriented instructions, `f' represents a file register designator and `d' represents a destination designator. The file register designator specifies which file register is to be used by the instruction. The destination designator specifies where the result of the operation is to be placed. If `d' is zero, the result is placed in the W register. If `d' is one, the result is placed in the file register specified in the instruction. For bit-oriented instructions, `b' represents a bit field designator, which selects the bit affected by the operation, while `f' represents the address of the file in which the bit is located. For literal and control operations, `k' represents an 8-bit or 11-bit constant, or literal value. One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods; for an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, this gives a normal instruction execution time of 1 s. All instructions are executed within a single instruction cycle, unless a conditional test is true, or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction. When this occurs, the execution takes two instruction cycles, with the second cycle executed as a NOP. Note: To maintain upward compatibility with future products, do not use the OPTION and TRISIO instructions. For example, a CLRF GPIO instruction will read GPIO, clear all the data bits, then write the result back to GPIO. This example would have the unintended result that the condition that sets the GPIF flag would be cleared.
TABLE 11-1:
Field
f W b k x
OPCODE FIELD DESCRIPTIONS
Description
Register file address (0x00 to 0x7F) Working register (accumulator) Bit address within an 8-bit file register Literal field, constant data or label Don't care location (= 0 or 1). The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the recommended form of use for compatibility with all Microchip software tools. Destination select; d = 0: store result in W, d = 1: store result in file register f. Default is d = 1. Program Counter Time-out bit Power-down bit
d
PC TO PD
FIGURE 11-1:
GENERAL FORMAT FOR INSTRUCTIONS
0
Byte-oriented file register operations 13 876 OPCODE d f (FILE #) d = 0 for destination W d = 1 for destination f f = 7-bit file register address Bit-oriented file register operations 13 10 9 76 OPCODE b (BIT #) f (FILE #) b = 3-bit bit address f = 7-bit file register address Literal and control operations General 13 OPCODE k = 8-bit immediate value CALL and GOTO instructions only 13 11 OPCODE 10 k (literal) 8 7 k (literal)
0
All instruction examples use the format `0xhh' to represent a hexadecimal number, where `h' signifies a hexadecimal digit.
0
11.1
READ-MODIFY-WRITE OPERATIONS
Any instruction that specifies a file register as part of the instruction performs a Read-Modify-Write (R-M-W) operation. The register is read, the data is modified, and the result is stored according to either the instruction, or the destination designator `d'. A read operation is performed on a register even if the instruction writes to that register.
0
k = 11-bit immediate value
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TABLE 11-2:
Mnemonic, Operands
rfPIC12F675 INSTRUCTION SET
14-Bit Opcode Description Cycles MSb BYTE-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS LSb Status Affected Notes
ADDWF ANDWF CLRF CLRW COMF DECF DECFSZ INCF INCFSZ IORWF MOVF MOVWF NOP RLF RRF SUBWF SWAPF XORWF
f, d f, d f f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d
Add W and f AND W with f Clear f Clear W Complement f Decrement f Decrement f, Skip if 0 Increment f Increment f, Skip if 0 Inclusive OR W with f Move f Move W to f No Operation Rotate Left f through Carry Rotate Right f through Carry Subtract W from f Swap nibbles in f Exclusive OR W with f
1 1 1 1 1 1 1(2) 1 1(2) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0111 0101 0001 0001 1001 0011 1011 1010 1111 0100 1000 0000 0000 1101 1100 0010 1110 0110
dfff dfff lfff 0xxx dfff dfff dfff dfff dfff dfff dfff lfff 0xx0 dfff dfff dfff dfff dfff
ffff ffff ffff xxxx ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff 0000 ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff
C,DC,Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
1,2 1,2 2 1,2 1,2 1,2,3 1,2 1,2,3 1,2 1,2
C C C,DC,Z Z
1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2
BIT-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS BCF BSF BTFSC BTFSS ADDLW ANDLW CALL CLRWDT GOTO IORLW MOVLW RETFIE RETLW RETURN SLEEP SUBLW XORLW f, b f, b f, b f, b k k k k k k k k k Bit Clear f Bit Set f Bit Test f, Skip if Clear Bit Test f, Skip if Set Add literal and W AND literal with W Call subroutine Clear Watchdog Timer Go to address Inclusive OR literal with W Move literal to W Return from interrupt Return with literal in W Return from Subroutine Go into Standby mode Subtract W from literal Exclusive OR literal with W 1 1 1 (2) 1 (2) 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 01 01 01 01 11 11 10 00 10 11 11 00 11 00 00 11 11 00bb 01bb 10bb 11bb 111x 1001 0kkk 0000 1kkk 1000 00xx 0000 01xx 0000 0000 110x 1010 bfff bfff bfff bfff kkkk kkkk kkkk 0110 kkkk kkkk kkkk 0000 kkkk 0000 0110 kkkk kkkk ffff ffff ffff ffff kkkk kkkk kkkk 0100 kkkk kkkk kkkk 1001 kkkk 1000 0011 kkkk kkkk C,DC,Z Z TO,PD Z 1,2 1,2 3 3
LITERAL AND CONTROL OPERATIONS
TO,PD C,DC,Z Z
Note 1: When an I/O register is modified as a function of itself (e.g., MOVF GPIO, 1), the value used will be that value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is '1' for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a '0'. 2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared if assigned to the Timer0 module. 3: If Program Counter (PC) is modified, or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The second cycle is executed as a NOP.
Note:
Additional information on the mid-range instruction set is available in the PICmicroTM Mid-Range MCU Family Reference Manual (DS33023).
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11.2
ADDLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Instruction Descriptions
Add Literal and W [label] ADDLW 0 k 255 (W) + k (W) C, DC, Z The contents of the W register are added to the eight-bit literal 'k' and the result is placed in the W register. Operation: Status Affected: Description: k BCF Syntax: Operands: Bit Clear f [label] BCF 0 f 127 0b7 0 (f) None Bit 'b' in register 'f' is cleared. f,b
ADDWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Add W and f [label] ADDWF 0 f 127 d [0,1] (W) + (f) (destination) C, DC, Z Add the contents of the W register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored back in register 'f'. f,d
BSF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Bit Set f [label] BSF 0 f 127 0b7 1 (f) None Bit 'b' in register 'f' is set. f,b
ANDLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
AND Literal with W [label] ANDLW 0 k 255 (W) .AND. (k) (W) Z The contents of W register are AND'ed with the eight-bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register. k
BTFSS Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Bit Test f, Skip if Set [label] BTFSS f,b 0 f 127 0b<7 skip if (f) = 1 None If bit 'b' in register 'f' is '0', the next instruction is executed. If bit 'b' is '1', then the next instruction is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making this a 2TCY instruction.
ANDWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
AND W with f [label] ANDWF 0 f 127 d [0,1] (W) .AND. (f) (destination) Z AND the W register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored back in register 'f'. f,d
BTFSC Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Bit Test, Skip if Clear [label] BTFSC f,b 0 f 127 0b7 skip if (f) = 0 None If bit 'b' in register 'f' is '1', the next instruction is executed. If bit 'b', in register 'f', is '0', the next instruction is discarded, and a NOP is executed instead, making this a 2TCY instruction.
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CALL Syntax: Operands: Operation: Call Subroutine [ label ] CALL k 0 k 2047 (PC)+ 1 TOS, k PC<10:0>, (PCLATH<4:3>) PC<12:11> None Call Subroutine. First, return address (PC+1) is pushed onto the stack. The eleven-bit immediate address is loaded into PC bits <10:0>. The upper bits of the PC are loaded from PCLATH. CALL is a two-cycle instruction. Status Affected: Description: CLRWDT Syntax: Operands: Operation: Clear Watchdog Timer [ label ] CLRWDT None 00h WDT 0 WDT prescaler, 1 TO 1 PD TO, PD CLRWDT instruction resets the Watchdog Timer. It also resets the prescaler of the WDT. STATUS bits TO and PD are set.
Status Affected: Description:
CLRF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Clear f [label] CLRF 0 f 127 00h (f) 1Z Z The contents of register 'f' are cleared and the Z bit is set. f
COMF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Complement f [ label ] COMF 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) (destination) Z The contents of register 'f' are complemented. If 'd' is 0, the result is stored in W. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored back in register 'f'. f,d
CLRW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Clear W [ label ] CLRW None 00h (W) 1Z Z W register is cleared. Zero bit (Z) is set.
DECF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Decrement f [label] DECF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) - 1 (destination) Z Decrement register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored back in register 'f'.
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DECFSZ Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description: Decrement f, Skip if 0 [ label ] DECFSZ f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) - 1 (destination); skip if result = 0 None The contents of register 'f' are decremented. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is placed back in register 'f'. If the result is 1, the next instruction is executed. If the result is 0, then a NOP is executed instead, making it a 2TCY instruction. INCFSZ Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description: Increment f, Skip if 0 [ label ] INCFSZ f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) + 1 (destination), skip if result = 0 None The contents of register 'f' are incremented. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is placed back in register 'f'. If the result is 1, the next instruction is executed. If the result is 0, a NOP is executed instead, making it a 2TCY instruction.
GOTO Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Unconditional Branch [ label ] GOTO k 0 k 2047 k PC<10:0> PCLATH<4:3> PC<12:11> None GOTO is an unconditional branch. The eleven-bit immediate value is loaded into PC bits <10:0>. The upper bits of PC are loaded from PCLATH<4:3>. GOTO is a twocycle instruction.
IORLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Inclusive OR Literal with W [ label ] IORLW k 0 k 255 (W) .OR. k (W) Z The contents of the W register are OR'ed with the eight-bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register.
INCF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Increment f [ label ] INCF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) + 1 (destination) Z The contents of register 'f' are incremented. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is placed back in register 'f'.
IORWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Inclusive OR W with f [ label ] IORWF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (W) .OR. (f) (destination) Z Inclusive OR the W register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is placed back in register 'f'.
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MOVF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description: Move f [ label ] MOVF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) (destination) Z The contents of register f are moved to a destination dependant upon the status of d. If d = 0, destination is W register. If d = 1, the destination is file register f itself. d = 1 is useful to test a file register, since status flag Z is affected. NOP Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description: No Operation [ label ] None No operation None No operation. NOP
MOVLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Move Literal to W [ label ] k (W) None The eight-bit literal 'k' is loaded into W register. The don't cares will assemble as 0's. MOVLW k 0 k 255
RETFIE Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected:
Return from Interrupt [ label ] None TOS PC, 1 GIE None RETFIE
MOVWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Move W to f [ label ] (W) (f) None Move data from W register to register 'f'. MOVWF f 0 f 127
RETLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Return with Literal in W [ label ] RETLW k 0 k 255 k (W); TOS PC None The W register is loaded with the eight-bit literal 'k'. The program counter is loaded from the top of the stack (the return address). This is a two-cycle instruction.
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RLF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description: Rotate Left f through Carry [ label ] RLF 0 f 127 d [0,1] See description below C The contents of register 'f' are rotated one bit to the left through the Carry Flag. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored back in register 'f'.
C Register f
SLEEP Syntax: Operands: Operation: [ label ] SLEEP None 00h WDT, 0 WDT prescaler, 1 TO, 0 PD TO, PD The power-down STATUS bit, PD is cleared. Time-out STATUS bit, TO is set. Watchdog Timer and its prescaler are cleared. The processor is put into SLEEP mode with the oscillator stopped.
f,d
Status Affected: Description:
RETURN Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Return from Subroutine [ label ] None TOS PC None Return from subroutine. The stack is POPed and the top of the stack (TOS) is loaded into the program counter. This is a two-cycle instruction. RETURN
SUBLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Description:
Subtract W from Literal [ label ] SUBLW k 0 k 255 k - (W) (W) The W register is subtracted (2's complement method) from the eight-bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register.
Status Affected: C, DC, Z
RRF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Rotate Right f through Carry [ label ] RRF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] See description below C The contents of register 'f' are rotated one bit to the right through the Carry Flag. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is placed back in register 'f'.
C Register f
SUBWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Subtract W from f [ label ] SUBWF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) - (W) (destination) C, DC, Z Subtract (2's complement method) W register from register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored back in register 'f'.
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SWAPF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description: Swap Nibbles in f [ label ] SWAPF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f<3:0>) (destination<7:4>), (f<7:4>) (destination<3:0>) None The upper and lower nibbles of register 'f' are exchanged. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is placed in register 'f'. XORWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description: Exclusive OR W with f [label] XORWF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (W) .XOR. (f) (destination) Z Exclusive OR the contents of the W register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored back in register 'f'.
XORLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Exclusive OR Literal with W [label] XORLW k 0 k 255 (W) .XOR. k (W) Z The contents of the W register are XOR'ed with the eight-bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register.
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12.0 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT
12.1
The PICmicro(R) microcontrollers are supported with a full range of hardware and software development tools: * Integrated Development Environment - MPLAB(R) IDE Software * Assemblers/Compilers/Linkers - MPASMTM Assembler - MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 C Compilers - MPLINKTM Object Linker/ MPLIBTM Object Librarian - MPLAB C30 C Compiler - MPLAB ASM30 Assembler/Linker/Library * Simulators - MPLAB SIM Software Simulator - MPLAB dsPIC30 Software Simulator * Emulators - MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator - MPLAB ICE 4000 In-Circuit Emulator * In-Circuit Debugger - MPLAB ICD 2 * Device Programmers - PRO MATE(R) II Universal Device Programmer - PICSTART(R) Plus Development Programmer * Low Cost Demonstration Boards - PICDEMTM 1 Demonstration Board - PICDEM.netTM Demonstration Board - PICDEM 2 Plus Demonstration Board - PICDEM 3 Demonstration Board - PICDEM 4 Demonstration Board - PICDEM 17 Demonstration Board - PICDEM 18R Demonstration Board - PICDEM LIN Demonstration Board - PICDEM USB Demonstration Board * Evaluation Kits - KEELOQ(R) - PICDEM MSC - microID(R) - CAN - PowerSmart(R) - Analog
MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software
The MPLAB IDE software brings an ease of software development previously unseen in the 8/16-bit microcontroller market. The MPLAB IDE is a Windows(R) based application that contains: * An interface to debugging tools - simulator - programmer (sold separately) - emulator (sold separately) - in-circuit debugger (sold separately) * A full-featured editor with color coded context * A multiple project manager * Customizable data windows with direct edit of contents * High level source code debugging * Mouse over variable inspection * Extensive on-line help The MPLAB IDE allows you to: * Edit your source files (either assembly or C) * One touch assemble (or compile) and download to PICmicro emulator and simulator tools (automatically updates all project information) * Debug using: - source files (assembly or C) - absolute listing file (mixed assembly and C) - machine code MPLAB IDE supports multiple debugging tools in a single development paradigm, from the cost effective simulators, through low cost in-circuit debuggers, to full-featured emulators. This eliminates the learning curve when upgrading to tools with increasing flexibility and power.
12.2
MPASM Assembler
The MPASM assembler is a full-featured, universal macro assembler for all PICmicro MCUs. The MPASM assembler generates relocatable object files for the MPLINK object linker, Intel(R) standard HEX files, MAP files to detail memory usage and symbol reference, absolute LST files that contain source lines and generated machine code and COFF files for debugging. The MPASM assembler features include: * Integration into MPLAB IDE projects * User defined macros to streamline assembly code * Conditional assembly for multi-purpose source files * Directives that allow complete control over the assembly process
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12.3 MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 C Compilers 12.6 MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker, and Librarian
The MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 Code Development Systems are complete ANSI C compilers for Microchip's PIC17CXXX and PIC18CXXX family of microcontrollers. These compilers provide powerful integration capabilities, superior code optimization and ease of use not found with other compilers. For easy source level debugging, the compilers provide symbol information that is optimized to the MPLAB IDE debugger. MPLAB ASM30 assembler produces relocatable machine code from symbolic assembly language for dsPIC30F devices. MPLAB C30 compiler uses the assembler to produce it's object file. The assembler generates relocatable object files that can then be archived or linked with other relocatable object files and archives to create an executable file. Notable features of the assembler include: * * * * * * Support for the entire dsPIC30F instruction set Support for fixed-point and floating-point data Command line interface Rich directive set Flexible macro language MPLAB IDE compatibility
12.4
MPLINK Object Linker/ MPLIB Object Librarian
The MPLINK object linker combines relocatable objects created by the MPASM assembler and the MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 C compilers. It can link relocatable objects from pre-compiled libraries, using directives from a linker script. The MPLIB object librarian manages the creation and modification of library files of pre-compiled code. When a routine from a library is called from a source file, only the modules that contain that routine will be linked in with the application. This allows large libraries to be used efficiently in many different applications. The object linker/library features include: * Efficient linking of single libraries instead of many smaller files * Enhanced code maintainability by grouping related modules together * Flexible creation of libraries with easy module listing, replacement, deletion and extraction
12.7
MPLAB SIM Software Simulator
The MPLAB SIM software simulator allows code development in a PC hosted environment by simulating the PICmicro series microcontrollers on an instruction level. On any given instruction, the data areas can be examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from a file, or user defined key press, to any pin. The execution can be performed in Single-Step, Execute Until Break, or Trace mode. The MPLAB SIM simulator fully supports symbolic debugging using the MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 C Compilers, as well as the MPASM assembler. The software simulator offers the flexibility to develop and debug code outside of the laboratory environment, making it an excellent, economical software development tool.
12.5
MPLAB C30 C Compiler
12.8
MPLAB SIM30 Software Simulator
The MPLAB C30 C compiler is a full-featured, ANSI compliant, optimizing compiler that translates standard ANSI C programs into dsPIC30F assembly language source. The compiler also supports many commandline options and language extensions to take full advantage of the dsPIC30F device hardware capabilities, and afford fine control of the compiler code generator. MPLAB C30 is distributed with a complete ANSI C standard library. All library functions have been validated and conform to the ANSI C library standard. The library includes functions for string manipulation, dynamic memory allocation, data conversion, timekeeping, and math functions (trigonometric, exponential and hyperbolic). The compiler provides symbolic information for high level source debugging with the MPLAB IDE.
The MPLAB SIM30 software simulator allows code development in a PC hosted environment by simulating the dsPIC30F series microcontrollers on an instruction level. On any given instruction, the data areas can be examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from a file, or user defined key press, to any of the pins. The MPLAB SIM30 simulator fully supports symbolic debugging using the MPLAB C30 C Compiler and MPLAB ASM30 assembler. The simulator runs in either a Command Line mode for automated tasks, or from MPLAB IDE. This high speed simulator is designed to debug, analyze and optimize time intensive DSP routines.
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12.9 MPLAB ICE 2000 High Performance Universal In-Circuit Emulator 12.11 MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger
Microchip's In-Circuit Debugger, MPLAB ICD 2, is a powerful, low cost, run-time development tool, connecting to the host PC via an RS-232 or high speed USB interface. This tool is based on the FLASH PICmicro MCUs and can be used to develop for these and other PICmicro microcontrollers. The MPLAB ICD 2 utilizes the in-circuit debugging capability built into the FLASH devices. This feature, along with Microchip's In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM (ICSPTM) protocol, offers cost effective in-circuit FLASH debugging from the graphical user interface of the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment. This enables a designer to develop and debug source code by setting breakpoints, single-stepping and watching variables, CPU status and peripheral registers. Running at full speed enables testing hardware and applications in real-time. MPLAB ICD 2 also serves as a development programmer for selected PICmicro devices.
The MPLAB ICE 2000 universal in-circuit emulator is intended to provide the product development engineer with a complete microcontroller design tool set for PICmicro microcontrollers. Software control of the MPLAB ICE 2000 in-circuit emulator is advanced by the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment, which allows editing, building, downloading and source debugging from a single environment. The MPLAB ICE 2000 is a full-featured emulator system with enhanced trace, trigger and data monitoring features. Interchangeable processor modules allow the system to be easily reconfigured for emulation of different processors. The universal architecture of the MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator allows expansion to support new PICmicro microcontrollers. The MPLAB ICE 2000 in-circuit emulator system has been designed as a real-time emulation system with advanced features that are typically found on more expensive development tools. The PC platform and Microsoft(R) Windows 32-bit operating system were chosen to best make these features available in a simple, unified application.
12.12 PRO MATE II Universal Device Programmer
The PRO MATE II is a universal, CE compliant device programmer with programmable voltage verification at VDDMIN and VDDMAX for maximum reliability. It features an LCD display for instructions and error messages and a modular detachable socket assembly to support various package types. In Stand-Alone mode, the PRO MATE II device programmer can read, verify, and program PICmicro devices without a PC connection. It can also set code protection in this mode.
12.10 MPLAB ICE 4000 High Performance Universal In-Circuit Emulator
The MPLAB ICE 4000 universal in-circuit emulator is intended to provide the product development engineer with a complete microcontroller design tool set for highend PICmicro microcontrollers. Software control of the MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator is provided by the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment, which allows editing, building, downloading and source debugging from a single environment. The MPLAB ICD 4000 is a premium emulator system, providing the features of MPLAB ICE 2000, but with increased emulation memory and high speed performance for dsPIC30F and PIC18XXXX devices. Its advanced emulator features include complex triggering and timing, up to 2 Mb of emulation memory, and the ability to view variables in real-time. The MPLAB ICE 4000 in-circuit emulator system has been designed as a real-time emulation system with advanced features that are typically found on more expensive development tools. The PC platform and Microsoft Windows 32-bit operating system were chosen to best make these features available in a simple, unified application.
12.13 PICSTART Plus Development Programmer
The PICSTART Plus development programmer is an easy-to-use, low cost, prototype programmer. It connects to the PC via a COM (RS-232) port. MPLAB Integrated Development Environment software makes using the programmer simple and efficient. The PICSTART Plus development programmer supports most PICmicro devices up to 40 pins. Larger pin count devices, such as the PIC16C92X and PIC17C76X, may be supported with an adapter socket. The PICSTART Plus development programmer is CE compliant.
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12.14 PICDEM 1 PICmicro Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 1 demonstration board demonstrates the capabilities of the PIC16C5X (PIC16C54 to PIC16C58A), PIC16C61, PIC16C62X, PIC16C71, PIC16C8X, PIC17C42, PIC17C43 and PIC17C44. All necessary hardware and software is included to run basic demo programs. The sample microcontrollers provided with the PICDEM 1 demonstration board can be programmed with a PRO MATE II device programmer, or a PICSTART Plus development programmer. The PICDEM 1 demonstration board can be connected to the MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator for testing. A prototype area extends the circuitry for additional application components. Features include an RS-232 interface, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, push button switches and eight LEDs.
12.17 PICDEM 3 PIC16C92X Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 3 demonstration board supports the PIC16C923 and PIC16C924 in the PLCC package. All the necessary hardware and software is included to run the demonstration programs.
12.18 PICDEM 4 8/14/18-Pin Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 4 can be used to demonstrate the capabilities of the 8-, 14-, and 18-pin PIC16XXXX and PIC18XXXX MCUs, including the PIC16F818/819, PIC16F87/88, PIC16F62XA and the PIC18F1320 Family of microcontrollers. PICDEM 4 is intended to showcase the many features of these low pin count parts, including LIN and Motor Control using ECCP. Special provisions are made for low power operation with the supercapacitor circuit, and jumpers allow onboard hardware to be disabled to eliminate current draw in this mode. Included on the demo board are provisions for Crystal, RC or Canned Oscillator modes, a five volt regulator for use with a nine volt wall adapter or battery, DB-9 RS-232 interface, ICD connector for programming via ICSP and development with MPLAB ICD 2, 2x16 liquid crystal display, PCB footprints for HBridge motor driver, LIN transceiver and EEPROM. Also included are: header for expansion, eight LEDs, four potentiometers, three push buttons and a prototyping area. Included with the kit is a PIC16F627A and a PIC18F1320. Tutorial firmware is included along with the User's Guide.
12.15 PICDEM.net Internet/Ethernet Demonstration Board
The PICDEM.net demonstration board is an Internet/ Ethernet demonstration board using the PIC18F452 microcontroller and TCP/IP firmware. The board supports any 40-pin DIP device that conforms to the standard pinout used by the PIC16F877 or PIC18C452. This kit features a user friendly TCP/IP stack, web server with HTML, a 24L256 Serial EEPROM for Xmodem download to web pages into Serial EEPROM, ICSP/MPLAB ICD 2 interface connector, an Ethernet interface, RS-232 interface, and a 16 x 2 LCD display. Also included is the book and CD-ROM "TCP/IP Lean, Web Servers for Embedded Systems," by Jeremy Bentham
12.19 PICDEM 17 Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 17 demonstration board is an evaluation board that demonstrates the capabilities of several Microchip microcontrollers, including PIC17C752, PIC17C756A, PIC17C762 and PIC17C766. A programmed sample is included. The PRO MATE II device programmer, or the PICSTART Plus development programmer, can be used to reprogram the device for user tailored application development. The PICDEM 17 demonstration board supports program download and execution from external on-board FLASH memory. A generous prototype area is available for user hardware expansion.
12.16 PICDEM 2 Plus Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 2 Plus demonstration board supports many 18-, 28-, and 40-pin microcontrollers, including PIC16F87X and PIC18FXX2 devices. All the necessary hardware and software is included to run the demonstration programs. The sample microcontrollers provided with the PICDEM 2 demonstration board can be programmed with a PRO MATE II device programmer, PICSTART Plus development programmer, or MPLAB ICD 2 with a Universal Programmer Adapter. The MPLAB ICD 2 and MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulators may also be used with the PICDEM 2 demonstration board to test firmware. A prototype area extends the circuitry for additional application components. Some of the features include an RS-232 interface, a 2 x 16 LCD display, a piezo speaker, an on-board temperature sensor, four LEDs, and sample PIC18F452 and PIC16F877 FLASH microcontrollers.
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12.20 PICDEM 18R PIC18C601/801 Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 18R demonstration board serves to assist development of the PIC18C601/801 family of Microchip microcontrollers. It provides hardware implementation of both 8-bit Multiplexed/De-multiplexed and 16-bit Memory modes. The board includes 2 Mb external FLASH memory and 128 Kb SRAM memory, as well as serial EEPROM, allowing access to the wide range of memory types supported by the PIC18C601/801.
12.23 PICDEM USB PIC16C7X5 Demonstration Board
The PICDEM USB Demonstration Board shows off the capabilities of the PIC16C745 and PIC16C765 USB microcontrollers. This board provides the basis for future USB products.
12.24 Evaluation and Programming Tools
In addition to the PICDEM series of circuits, Microchip has a line of evaluation kits and demonstration software for these products. * KEELOQ evaluation and programming tools for Microchip's HCS Secure Data Products * CAN developers kit for automotive network applications * Analog design boards and filter design software * PowerSmart battery charging evaluation/ calibration kits * IrDA(R) development kit * microID development and rfLabTM development software * SEEVAL(R) designer kit for memory evaluation and endurance calculations * PICDEM MSC demo boards for Switching mode power supply, high power IR driver, delta sigma ADC, and flow rate sensor Check the Microchip web page and the latest Product Line Card for the complete list of demonstration and evaluation kits.
12.21 PICDEM LIN PIC16C43X Demonstration Board
The powerful LIN hardware and software kit includes a series of boards and three PICmicro microcontrollers. The small footprint PIC16C432 and PIC16C433 are used as slaves in the LIN communication and feature on-board LIN transceivers. A PIC16F874 FLASH microcontroller serves as the master. All three microcontrollers are programmed with firmware to provide LIN bus communication.
12.22 PICkitTM 1 FLASH Starter Kit
A complete "development system in a box", the PICkit FLASH Starter Kit includes a convenient multi-section board for programming, evaluation, and development of 8/14-pin FLASH PIC(R) microcontrollers. Powered via USB, the board operates under a simple Windows GUI. The PICkit 1 Starter Kit includes the user's guide (on CD ROM), PICkit 1 tutorial software and code for various applications. Also included are MPLAB(R) IDE (Integrated Development Environment) software, software and hardware "Tips 'n Tricks for 8-pin FLASH PIC(R) Microcontrollers" Handbook and a USB Interface Cable. Supports all current 8/14-pin FLASH PIC microcontrollers, as well as many future planned devices.
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13.0 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Absolute Maximum Ratings Ambient temperature under bias........................................................................................................... -40 to +125C Storage temperature ........................................................................................................................ -65C to +150C Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ....................................................................................................... -0.3 to +6.5V Voltage on VDDRF with respect to VSSRF ............................................................................................... -0.3 to +7.0V Voltage on MCLR with respect to Vss...................................................................................................-0.3 to +13.5V Voltage on all GPIO pins with respect to VSS............................................................................ -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V) Voltage on all other RF Transmitter pins with respect to VSSRF.............................................-0.3V to (VDDRF + 0.3V) Total power dissipation(1) ............................................................................................................................... 800 mW Maximum current out of VSS pin ..................................................................................................................... 300 mA Maximum current into VDD pin ........................................................................................................................ 250 mA Input clamp current, IIK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD)............................................................................................................... 20 mA Output clamp current, IOK (Vo < 0 or Vo >VDD)......................................................................................................... 20 mA Maximum output current sunk by any GPIO pin ............................................................................................... 25 mA Maximum output current sourced by any GPIO pin .......................................................................................... 25 mA Maximum total current sunk by all GPIO pins ................................................................................................. 125 mA Maximum total current sourced all GPIO pins................................................................................................. 125 mA Note 1: Power dissipation is calculated as follows: PDIS = VDD x {IDD - IOH} + {(VDD-VOH) x IOH} + (VOL x IOL) + VDDRF x {IDDRF - IOHRF} + {(VDDRFVOHRF) x IOHRF} + (VOLRF x IOLRF) NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under `Absolute Maximum Ratings' may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Note:
Voltage spikes below VSS at the MCLR pin, inducing currents greater than 80 mA, may cause latchup. Thus, a series resistor of 50-100 should be used when applying a "low" level to the MCLR pin, rather than pulling this pin directly to VSS.
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FIGURE 13-1: rfPIC12F675 WITH A/D DISABLED VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, -40C TA +125C
5.5 5.0 4.5 VDD (Volts) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 0 4 8 10 12 16 20
Microcontroller Frequency (MHz) Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency.
FIGURE 13-2:
rfPIC12F675 WITH A/D ENABLED VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, -40C TA +125C
5.5 5.0 4.5 VDD (Volts) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 0 4 8 10 12 16 20
Microcontroller Frequency (MHz) Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency.
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FIGURE 13-3: rfPIC12F675 WITH A/D ENABLED VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, 0C TA +125C
5.5 5.0 4.5 VDD (Volts) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.2 2.0 0 4 8 10 12 16 20
Microcontroller Frequency (MHz) Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency.
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rfPIC12F675
13.1 DC Characteristics: rfPIC12F675-I (Industrial), rfPIC12F675-E (Extended)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial -40C TA +125C for extended Min Typ Max Units Conditions FOSC < = 4 MHz: rfPIC12F675 with A/D off rfPIC12F675 with A/D on, 0C to +125C rfPIC12F675 with A/D on, -40C to +125C 4 MHZ < FOSC < = 10 MHz FOSC > 10 MHz Device in SLEEP mode See section on Power-on Reset for details DC CHARACTERISTICS Param No. D001 D001A D001B D001C D001D D002 D003 VDR VPOR RAM Data Retention Voltage(1) VDD Start Voltage to ensure internal Power-on Reset signal VDD Rise Rate to ensure internal Power-on Reset signal
Sym VDD
Characteristic Supply Voltage
2.0 2.2 2.5 3.0 4.5 1.5* --
-- -- -- -- -- -- VSS
5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 -- --
V V V V V V V
D004
SVDD
0.05*
--
--
V/ms See section on Power-on Reset for details
D005 D006 D006A D006B D006C D007
VBOD VDDRF RF Transmitter Supply Voltage
-- 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 1.8
2.1 -- -- -- -- 1.85
-- 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 1.9
V V V V V V Output Power = 4 dBm Output Power = 7.5 dBm Output Power = 8.5 dBm Output Power = 9 dBm TA =+23C, RFEN = VDDRF
VLVD
RF Low Voltage Disable
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data.
DS70091A-page 90
Preliminary
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfPIC12F675
13.2 DC Characteristics: rfPIC12F675-I (Industrial)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial Param No. D010 Conditions Device Characteristics Supply Current (IDD)(3) Min -- -- -- D011 -- -- -- D012 -- -- -- D013 -- -- -- D014 -- -- -- D015 -- -- -- D016 -- -- -- D017 -- -- Typ 9 18 34 110 190 330 220 370 0.6 70 140 260 180 320 580 340 500 0.8 180 320 580 2.1 2.4 Max 16 28 54 150 280 450 280 650 1.4 110 250 390 250 470 850 450 700 1.1 250 450 800 2.95 3.0 Units VDD A A A A A A A A mA A A A A A A A A mA A A A mA mA 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 4.5 5.0 FOSC = 20 MHz HS Oscillator Mode FOSC = 4 MHz EXTRC Mode FOSC = 4 MHz INTOSC Mode FOSC = 4 MHz EC Oscillator Mode FOSC = 1 MHz EC Oscillator Mode FOSC = 4 MHz XT Oscillator Mode FOSC = 1 MHz XT Oscillator Mode Note FOSC = 32 kHz LP Oscillator Mode
Data in `Typ' column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: The test conditions for all IDD measurements in Active Operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail to rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD; MCLR = VDD; WDT disabled. 2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. 3: Total device current is the sum of IDD from VDD and IDDRF from VDDRF.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS70091A-page 91
rfPIC12F675
13.3 DC Characteristics: rfPIC12F675-I (Industrial)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial Param No. D020 Conditions Device Characteristics Power-down Current (IPD)(3) Min -- -- -- D021 -- -- -- D022 D023 -- -- -- -- -- D024 -- -- -- D025 -- -- -- D026 D027 Power-down RF Current (IPDRF)(3) -- -- -- Typ 0.99 1.2 2.9 0.3 1.8 8.4 58 109 3.3 6.1 11.5 58 85 138 4.0 4.6 6.0 1.2 2.2 0.050 Max 700 770 995 1.5 3.5 17 70 130 6.5 8.5 16 70 100 160 6.5 7.0 10.5 775 1.0 TBD Units VDD
nA nA nA
Note WDT, BOD, Comparators, VREF, and T1OSC disabled WDT Current(1)
2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 5.0 3.0
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
nA mA
BOD Current(1) Comparator Current(1)
CVREF Current(1)
T1 OSC Current(1)
A/D Current(1) RF Transmitter with RFEN=0
A
Data in `Typ' column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: The peripheral current is the sum of the base IDD or IPD and the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. The peripheral current can be determined by subtracting the base IDD or IPD current from this limit. Max values should be used when calculating total current consumption. 2: The power-down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD. 3: Total device current is the sum of IPD from VDD and IPDRF from VDDRF.
DS70091A-page 92
Preliminary
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfPIC12F675
13.4
DC Characteristics: rfPIC12F675-E (Extended)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C for extended Param No. D010E Conditions Device Characteristics Supply Current (IDD)(3) Min -- -- -- D011E -- -- -- D012E -- -- -- D013E -- -- -- D014E -- -- -- D015E -- -- -- D016E -- -- -- D017E -- -- Typ 9 18 35 110 190 330 220 370 0.6 70 140 260 180 320 580 340 500 0.8 180 320 580 2.1 2.4 Max 16 28 54 150 280 450 280 650 1.4 110 250 390 250 470 850 450 780 1.1 250 450 800 2.95 3.0 Units VDD A A A A A A A A mA A A A A A A A A mA A A A mA mA 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 4.5 5.0 FOSC = 20 MHz HS Oscillator Mode FOSC = 4 MHz EXTRC Mode FOSC = 4 MHz INTOSC Mode FOSC = 4 MHz EC Oscillator Mode FOSC = 1 MHz EC Oscillator Mode FOSC = 4 MHz XT Oscillator Mode FOSC = 1 MHz XT Oscillator Mode Note FOSC = 32 kHz LP Oscillator Mode
Data in `Typ' column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: The test conditions for all IDD measurements in Active Operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail to rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD; MCLR = VDD; WDT disabled. 2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. 3: Total device current is the sum of IDD from VDD and IDDRF from VDDRF.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS70091A-page 93
rfPIC12F675
13.5
DC Characteristics: rfPIC12F675-E (Extended)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C for extended Param No. D020E Conditions Device Characteristics Power-down Current (IPD)(3) Min -- -- -- D021E -- -- -- D022E D023E -- -- -- -- -- D024E -- -- -- D025E -- -- -- D026E D027E Power-down RF Current (IPDRF)(3) -- -- -- Typ 0.0011 0.0012 0.0022 0.3 1.8 8.4 58 109 3.3 6.1 11.5 58 85 138 4.0 4.6 6.0 0.0012 0.0022 0.050 Max 3.5 4.0 8.0 6.0 9.0 20 70 130 10 13 24 70 100 165 10 12 20 6.0 8.5 TBD Units VDD A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 RF Transmitter, RFEN=VSSRF A/D Current(1) T1 OSC Current(1) CVREF Current(1) Comparator Current(1) BOD Current(1) WDT Current(1) Note WDT, BOD, Comparators, VREF, and T1OSC disabled
Data in `Typ' column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: The peripheral current is the sum of the base IDD or IPD and the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. The peripheral current can be determined by subtracting the base IDD or IPD current from this limit. Max values should be used when calculating total current consumption. 2: The power-down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD. 3: Total device current is the sum of IPD from VDD and IPDRF from VDDRF.
DS70091A-page 94
Preliminary
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfPIC12F675
13.6
DC Characteristics: rfPIC12F675K
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature TA = +23C Operating Frequency fc = 315 MHz Param No. D018A D018B D018C D018D D018E Conditions Device Characteristics RF Transmitter Current (IDDRF)(2) Min 2.0 2.9 3.2 4.5 7.0 Typ 2.7 3.5 4.7 6.5 10.7 Max 5.0 7.0 7.9 11 16 Units VDD mA mA mA mA mA 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Note Power Step 0, RFEN=DATAASK=1 Power Step 1, RFEN=DATAASK=1 Power Step 2, RFEN=DATAASK=1 Power Step 3, RFEN=DATAASK=1 Power Step 4, RFEN=DATAASK=1
Note 1: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as output loading and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. 2: Total device current is the sum of IDD from VDD and IDDRF from VDDRF.
13.7
DC Characteristics: rfPIC12F675F
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature TA = +23C Operating Frequency fc = 434 MHz
Param No. D018A D018B D018C D018D D018E
Conditions Device Characteristics RF Transmitter Current (IDDRF)(2) Min 2.0 2.9 3.2 4.5 7.0 Typ 2.7 3.5 4.7 6.5 10.7 Max 5.0 7.0 7.9 11 16 Units VDD mA mA mA mA mA 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Note Power Step 0, RFEN=DATAASK=1 Power Step 1, RFEN=DATAASK=1 Power Step 2, RFEN=DATAASK=1 Power Step 3, RFEN=DATAASK=1 Power Step 4, RFEN=DATAASK=1
Note 1: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as output loading and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. 2: Total device current is the sum of IDD from VDD and IDDRF from VDDRF.
13.8
DC Characteristics: RFPIC12F675H
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature TA = +23C Operating Frequency fc = 868 MHz
Param No. D018A D018B D018C D018D D018E
Conditions Device Characteristics RF Transmitter Current (IDDRF)(2) Min 2.6 3.5 4.5 6.0 9.0 Typ 4.0 5.3 6.7 9.0 14.0 Max 6.5 8.5 11 14 20 Units VDD mA mA mA mA mA 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Note Power Step 0, RFEN=DATAASK=1 Power Step 1, RFEN=DATAASK=1 Power Step 2, RFEN=DATAASK=1 Power Step 3, RFEN=DATAASK=1 Power Step 4, RFEN=DATAASK=1
Note 1: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as output loading and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. 2: Total device current is the sum of IDD from VDD and IDDRF from VDDRF.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS70091A-page 95
rfPIC12F675
13.9 DC Characteristics: rfPIC12F675-I (Industrial), rfPIC12F675-E (Extended)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial -40C TA +125C for extended Min Typ Max Units Conditions DC CHARACTERISTICS Param Sym No. VIL D030 D030A D031 D032 D033 D033A D034 VIH D040 D040A D041 D042 D043 D043A D043B D044 D070 IPUR D071 D072 D060 D060A D060B D061 D063 IIL
Characteristic Input Low Voltage I/O ports with TTL buffer with Schmitt Trigger buffer MCLR, OSC1 (RC mode) OSC1 (XT and LP modes) OSC1 (HS mode) DATAASK, DATAFSK, RFEN Input High Voltage I/O ports with TTL buffer
VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
0.8 0.15 VDD 0.2 VDD 0.2 VDD 0.3 0.3 VDD 0.3 VDDRF
V V V V V V V
4.5V VDD 5.5V Otherwise Entire range (Note 1) (Note 1)
2.0 (0.25 VDD+0.8) with Schmitt Trigger buffer 0.8 VDD MCLR 0.8 VDD OSC1 (XT and LP modes) 1.6 OSC1 (HS mode) 0.7 VDD OSC1 (RC mode) 0.9 VDD DATAASK, DATAFSK, RFEN 0.7 VDD GPIO Weak Pull-up Current 50* DATAASK Weak Pull-up 0.1* RFENIN Weak Pull-down 0.2* Input Leakage Current(3) GPIO ports, DATAASK, DATAFSK, RFEN Analog inputs VREF MCLR(2) OSC1 Output Low Voltage I/O ports OSC2/CLKOUT (RC mode) Output High Voltage I/O ports OSC2/CLKOUT (RC mode)
-- -- -- -- --
250 1.5 2.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD VDDRF 400* 12* 20* 1 1 1 5 5
V V V V V V V A A A A A A A A
4.5V VDD 5.5V otherwise entire range (Note 1) (Note 1)
VDD = 5.0V, VPIN = VSS VDDRF = RFEN = 3.0V VDDRF = RFEN = 3.0V VSS VPIN VDD, Pin at hi-impedance VSS VPIN VDD VSS VPIN VDD VSS VPIN VDD VSS VPIN VDD, XT, HS and LP osc configuration IOL = 8.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V (Ind.) IOL = 1.6 mA, VDD = 4.5V (Ind.) IOL = 1.2 mA, VDD = 4.5V (Ext.) IOH = -3.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V (Ind.) IOH = -1.3 mA, VDD = 4.5V (Ind.) IOH = -1.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V (Ext.)
D080 D083
VOL
-- --
-- --
0.6 0.6
V V
D090 D092
*
VOH
VDD - 0.7 VDD - 0.7
-- --
-- --
V V
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in `Typ' column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended to use an external clock in RC mode. 2: The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltages. 3: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.
DS70091A-page 96
Preliminary
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfPIC12F675
13.10 DC Characteristics: rfPIC12F675-I (Industrial), rfPIC12F675-E (Extended) (Cont.)
DC CHARACTERISTICS Param No. Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial -40C TA +125C for extended Characteristic Min Typ Max Units Conditions
Sym
D100
Capacitive Loading Specs on Output Pins COSC2 OSC2 pin
--
--
15*
pF
In XT, HS and LP modes when external clock is used to drive OSC1
D101 D120 D120A D121
CIO ED ED VDRW
All I/O pins Data EEPROM Memory Byte Endurance Byte Endurance VDD for Read/Write
-- 100K 10K VMIN
-- 1M 100K --
50* -- -- 5.5
pF E/W -40C TA +85C E/W +85C TA +125C V Using EECON to read/write VMIN = Minimum operating voltage ms Year Provided no other specifications are violated E/W -40C TA +85C
D122 D123 D124
TDEW Erase/Write cycle time TRETD Characteristic Retention TREF Number of Total Erase/Write Cycles before Refresh(1) Program FLASH Memory Cell Endurance Cell Endurance VDD for Read
-- 40 1M
5 -- 10M
6 -- --
D130 D130A D131 D132 D133 D134
EP ED VPR
10K 1K VMIN 4.5 -- 40
100K 10K -- -- 2 --
-- -- 5.5 5.5 2.5 --
VPEW VDD for Erase/Write TPEW Erase/Write cycle time TRETD Characteristic Retention RF Transmitter(2) FSK Switch On resistance FSK Switch Off resistance RF Power Select Voltage
E/W -40C TA +85C E/W +85C TA +125C V VMIN = Minimum operating voltage V ms Year Provided no other specifications are violated M DATAFSK=0, RFEN=1 DATAFSK=1, RFEN=1
D150 D151
RON ROFF VPS
-- 1
20 --
60 --
D152A VSSRF -- 0.1 V Power Level Step 0 D152B 0.14 -- 0.24 V Power Level Step 1 D152C 0.28 -- 0.51 V Power Level Step 2 D152D 0.57 -- 1.18 V Power Level Step 3 D152E 1.23 -- VDDRF V Power Level Step 4 D153 IPS Power Select Current 6 8 11 A RFEN=1 * These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in `Typ' column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: See Section 8.5.1 for additional information. 2: These limits are tested at room temperature.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS70091A-page 97
rfPIC12F675
13.11 TIMING PARAMETER SYMBOLOGY
The timing parameter symbols have been created with one of the following formats: 1. TppS2ppS 2. TppS T F Frequency Lowercase letters (pp) and their meanings: pp cc CCP1 ck CLKOUT cs CS di SDI do SDO dt Data in io I/O port mc MCLR Uppercase letters and their meanings: S F Fall H High I Invalid (Hi-impedance) L Low
T
Time
osc rd rw sc ss t0 t1 wr
OSC1 RD RD or WR SCK SS T0CKI T1CKI WR
P R V Z
Period Rise Valid Hi-impedance
FIGURE 13-4:
LOAD CONDITIONS
Load Condition 1 VDD/2 RL Load Condition 2
Pin VSS
RL = 464 CL = 50 pF 15 pF
CL
Pin VSS
CL
for all pins for OSC2 output
DS70091A-page 98
Preliminary
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfPIC12F675
13.12 AC CHARACTERISTICS: rfPIC12F675 (INDUSTRIAL, EXTENDED)
FIGURE 13-5: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING
Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
OSC1 1 2 CLKOUT 3 3 4 4
TABLE 13-1:
Param No. Sym FOSC
EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS
Characteristic External CLKIN Frequency(1) Min DC DC DC DC 5 -- DC 0.1 1 27 50 50 250 27 -- 250 250 50 200 2* 20* Typ -- -- -- -- -- 4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 250 -- -- -- TCY -- -- Max 37 4 20 20 37 -- 4 4 20 200 -- -- 10,000 1,000 DC -- -- Units kHz MHz MHz MHz kHz MHz MHz MHz MHz s ns ns ns s ns ns ns ns ns s ns Conditions LP Osc mode XT mode HS mode EC mode LP Osc mode INTOSC mode RC Osc mode XT Osc mode HS Osc mode LP Osc mode HS Osc mode EC Osc mode XT Osc mode LP Osc mode INTOSC mode RC Osc mode XT Osc mode HS Osc mode TCY = 4/FOSC LP oscillator, TOSC L/H duty cycle HS oscillator, TOSC L/H duty cycle XT oscillator, TOSC L/H duty cycle LP oscillator XT oscillator HS oscillator
Oscillator Frequency(1)
1
TOSC
External CLKIN Period(1)
Oscillator Period(1)
2 3
TCY TosL, TosH
Instruction Cycle Time(1) External CLKIN (OSC1) High External CLKIN Low
4
100 * -- -- ns -- -- 50* ns -- -- 25* ns -- -- 15* ns * These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in `Typ' column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. TosR, TosF External CLKIN Rise External CLKIN Fall
Note 1: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time-base period. All specified values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current consumption. All devices are tested to operate at `min' values with an external clock applied to OSC1 pin. When an external clock input is used, the `max' cycle time limit is `DC' (no clock) for all devices.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS70091A-page 99
rfPIC12F675
TABLE 13-2:
Param No. F10 Sym
PRECISION INTERNAL OSCILLATOR PARAMETERS
Characteristic Freq Min Tolerance 1 2 5 3.96 3.92 3.80 Typ 4.00 4.00 4.00 Max 4.04 4.08 4.20 Units Conditions
FOSC Internal Calibrated INTOSC Frequency
F14
-- -- -- -- SLEEP start-up time* -- -- * These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in `Typ' column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise only and are not tested.
TIOSC Oscillator Wake-up from
ST
6 4 3
8 6 5
MHz VDD = 3.5V, 25C MHz 2.5V VDD 5.5V 0C TA +85C MHz 2.0V VDD 5.5V -40C TA +85C (IND) -40C TA +125C (EXT) s VDD = 2.0V, -40C to +85C s VDD = 3.0V, -40C to +85C s VDD = 5.0V, -40C to +85C
stated. These parameters are for design guidance
DS70091A-page 100
Preliminary
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfPIC12F675
FIGURE 13-6: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING
Q4 OSC1 10 CLKOUT 13 14 I/O pin (Input) 17 I/O pin (Output) Old Value 20, 21 15 New Value 19 18 22 23 12 16 11 Q1 Q2 Q3
TABLE 13-3:
Param No. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 *
CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS
Sym Characteristic Min -- -- -- -- -- TOSC + 200 ns 0 -- -- TosH2ioI OSC1 (Q2 cycle) to Port input invalid (I/O in hold time) 100 0 -- -- 25 TCY Typ 75 75 35 35 -- -- -- 50 -- -- -- 10 10 -- -- Max 200 200 100 100 20 -- -- 150 * 300 -- -- 40 40 -- -- Units ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Conditions (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1)
TosH2ckL OSC1 to CLKOUT TosH2ckH OSC1 to CLKOUT TckR TckF TckL2ioV TioV2ckH TckH2ioI TosH2ioV CLKOUT rise time CLKOUT fall time CLKOUT to Port out valid Port in valid before CLKOUT Port in hold after CLKOUT OSC1 (Q1 cycle) to Port out valid
TioV2osH Port input valid to OSC1 (I/O in setup time) TioR TioF Tinp Trbp Port output rise time Port output fall time INT pin high or low time GPIO change INT high or low time
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in `Typ' column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated.
Note 1: Measurements are taken in RC mode where CLKOUT output is 4xTOSC.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS70091A-page 101
rfPIC12F675
FIGURE 13-7: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER AND POWER-UP TIMER TIMING
VDD MCLR Internal POR 33 PWRT Time-out OSC Time-out Internal RESET Watchdog Timer Reset 34 I/O Pins 32 30
31 34
FIGURE 13-8:
BROWN-OUT DETECT TIMING AND CHARACTERISTICS
VDD BVDD (Device in Brown-out Detect) (Device not in Brown-out Detect)
35
RESET (due to BOD)
72 ms time-out(1)
Note 1: 72 ms delay only if PWRTE bit in configuration word is programmed to `0'.
DS70091A-page 102
Preliminary
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfPIC12F675
TABLE 13-4:
Param No. 30 31
RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER, POWER-UP TIMER, AND BROWN-OUT DETECT REQUIREMENTS
Sym Characteristic MCLR Pulse Width (low) Watchdog Timer Time-out Period (No Prescaler) Oscillation Start-up Timer Period Power-up Timer Period I/O Hi-impedance from MCLR Low or Watchdog Timer Reset Brown-out Detect Voltage Brown-out Hysteresis Brown-out Detect Pulse Width Min 2 TBD 10 10 -- 28* TBD -- 2.025 TBD 100* Typ -- TBD 17 17 1024TOSC 72 TBD -- -- -- -- Max -- TBD 25 30 -- 132* TBD 2.0 2.175 -- -- Units s ms ms ms -- ms ms s V -- s VDD BVDD (D005) Conditions VDD = 5V, -40C to +85C Extended temperature VDD = 5V, -40C to +85C Extended temperature TOSC = OSC1 period VDD = 5V, -40C to +85C Extended Temperature
TMCL TWDT
32 33* 34
TOST TPWRT TIOZ BVDD
35
TBOD
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in `Typ' column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS70091A-page 103
rfPIC12F675
FIGURE 13-9: TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMINGS
T0CKI 40 42 41
T1CKI 45 47 TMR0 or TMR1 46 48
TABLE 13-5:
Param No.
40* 41* 42*
TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK REQUIREMENTS
Characteristic
T0CKI High Pulse Width T0CKI Low Pulse Width T0CKI Period No Prescaler With Prescaler No Prescaler With Prescaler
Sym
Tt0H Tt0L Tt0P
Min
0.5 TCY + 20 10 0.5 TCY + 20 10 Greater of: 20 or TCY + 40 N 0.5 TCY + 20 15 30 0.5 TCY + 20 15 30 Greater of: 30 or TCY + 40 N 60 DC 2 TOSC*
Typ Max Units
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ns ns ns ns ns
Conditions
N = prescale value (2, 4, ..., 256)
45*
Tt1H
T1CKI High Time Synchronous, No Prescaler Synchronous, with Prescaler Asynchronous
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
ns ns ns ns ns ns ns N = prescale value (1, 2, 4, 8)
46*
Tt1L
T1CKI Low Time
Synchronous, No Prescaler Synchronous, with Prescaler Asynchronous
47*
Tt1P
T1CKI Input Period
Synchronous
Ft1 48 *
Asynchronous Timer1 oscillator input frequency range (oscillator enabled by setting bit T1OSCEN)
-- -- --
-- 200* 7 TOSC*
ns kHz --
TCKEZtmr1 Delay from external clock edge to timer increment
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in `Typ' column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested.
DS70091A-page 104
Preliminary
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfPIC12F675
TABLE 13-6: COMPARATOR SPECIFICATIONS
Standard Operating Conditions -40C to +125C (unless otherwise stated) Min -- 0 +55* -- -- Typ 5.0 -- -- 150 -- Max 10 VDD - 1.5 -- 400* 10* Units mV V db ns s Comments Comparator Specifications Sym VOS VCM CMRR TRT Characteristics Input Offset Voltage Input Common Mode Voltage Common Mode Rejection Ratio Response Time(1)
TMC2COV Comparator Mode Change to Output Valid *
These parameters are characterized but not tested.
Note 1: Response time measured with one comparator input at (VDD - 1.5)/2 while the other input transitions from VSS to VDD - 1.5V.
TABLE 13-7:
COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS
Standard Operating Conditions -40C to +125C (unless otherwise stated) Min -- -- -- -- -- -- Typ VDD/24* VDD/32 -- -- 2k* -- Max -- -- 1/2 1/2* -- 10* Units LSb LSb LSb LSb s Comments Low Range (VRR = 1) High Range (VRR = 0) Low Range (VRR = 1) High Range (VRR = 0)
Voltage Reference Specifications Sym Characteristics Resolution Absolute Accuracy Unit Resistor Value (R) Settling Time(1) *
These parameters are characterized but not tested.
Note 1: Settling time measured while VRR = 1 and VR<3:0> transitions from 0000 to 1111.
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TABLE 13-8:
Param No. A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A10 A20 A20A A21 A25 A30 Sym NR EABS EIL EDL EFS EOFF EGN -- VREF
rfPIC12F675 A/D CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS:
Characteristic Resolution Total Absolute Error* Integral Error Differential Error Full Scale Range Offset Error Gain Error Monotonicity Reference Voltage Min -- -- -- -- 2.2* -- -- -- 2.0 2.5 VSS VSS -- Typ -- -- -- -- -- -- --
guaranteed
(3)
Max 10 bits 1 1 1 5.5* 1 1 -- -- VDD + 0.3 VDD VREF 10
Units bit LSb VREF = 5.0V LSb VREF = 5.0V
Conditions
LSb No missing codes to 10 bits VREF = 5.0V V LSb VREF = 5.0V LSb VREF = 5.0V -- V Absolute minimum to ensure 10-bit accuracy V V k VSS VAIN VREF+
--
VREF VAIN ZAIN
Reference V High (VDD or VREF) Analog Input Voltage Recommended Impedance of Analog Voltage Source VREF Input Current(2)
-- -- --
A50
IREF
10 --
-- --
1000 10
A A
During VAIN acquisition. Based on differential of VHOLD to VAIN. During A/D conversion cycle.
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in `Typ' column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: When A/D is off, it will not consume any current other than leakage current. The power-down current spec includes any such leakage from the A/D module. 2: VREF current is from External VREF or VDD pin, whichever is selected as reference input. 3: The A/D conversion result never decreases with an increase in the input voltage and has no missing codes.
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FIGURE 13-10: rfPIC12F675 A/D CONVERSION TIMING (NORMAL MODE)
(TOSC/2)(1) 1 TCY 131 130 A/D CLK A/D DATA ADRES ADIF GO SAMPLE 132 SAMPLING STOPPED 9 8 OLD_DATA 7 6 3 2 1 0 NEW_DATA 1 TCY DONE BSF ADCON0, GO 134 Q4
Note 1: If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed.
TABLE 13-9:
Param No. 130 130 Sym TAD TAD
rfPIC12F675 A/D CONVERSION REQUIREMENTS
Characteristic A/D Clock Period A/D Internal RC Oscillator Period Conversion Time (not including Acquisition Time)(1) Acquisition Time Min 1.6 3.0* 3.0* 2.0* -- Typ -- -- 6.0 4.0 11 Max -- -- 9.0* 6.0* -- Units s s s s TAD Conditions TOSC based, VREF 3.0V TOSC based, VREF full range ADCS<1:0> = 11 (RC mode) At VDD = 2.5V At VDD = 5.0V Set GO bit to new data in A/D result register
131
TCNV
132
TACQ
(Note 2) 5*
11.5 --
-- --
s s The minimum time is the amplifier settling time. This may be used if the "new" input voltage has not changed by more than 1 LSb (i.e., 4.1 mV @ 4.096V) from the last sampled voltage (as stored on CHOLD). If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed.
134
TGO
Q4 to A/D Clock Start
--
TOSC/2
--
--
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in `Typ' column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: ADRES register may be read on the following TCY cycle. 2: See Section 7.1 for minimum conditions.
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FIGURE 13-11: rfPIC12F675 A/D CONVERSION TIMING (SLEEP MODE)
BSF ADCON0, GO 134 Q4 130 A/D CLK A/D DATA ADRES ADIF GO SAMPLE 132 SAMPLING STOPPED 9 8 7 6 3 2 1 0 NEW_DATA 1 TCY DONE
(TOSC/2 + TCY)(1)
131
1 TCY
OLD_DATA
Note 1: If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed.
TABLE 13-10: rfPIC12F675 A/D CONVERSION REQUIREMENTS (SLEEP MODE)
Param No. 130 130 Sym TAD TAD Characteristic A/D Clock Period A/D Internal RC Oscillator Period Conversion Time (not including Acquisition Time)(1) Acquisition Time Min 1.6 3.0* 3.0* 2.0* 131 TCNV -- Typ -- -- 6.0 4.0 11 Max -- -- 9.0* 6.0* -- Units s s s s TAD Conditions VREF 3.0V VREF full range ADCS<1:0> = 11 (RC mode) At VDD = 2.5V At VDD = 5.0V
132
TACQ
(Note 2) 5*
11.5 --
-- --
s s The minimum time is the amplifier settling time. This may be used if the "new" input voltage has not changed by more than 1 LSb (i.e., 4.1 mV @ 4.096V) from the last sampled voltage (as stored on CHOLD). If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed.
134
TGO
Q4 to A/D Clock Start
--
TOSC/2 + TCY
--
--
*
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in `Typ' column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested.
Note 1: ADRES register may be read on the following TCY cycle. 2: See Section 7.1 for minimum conditions.
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TABLE 13-11: rfPIC12F675K RF TRANSMITTER SPECIFICATIONS (315 MHz)
Standard Operating Conditions TA = +23C (unless otherwise stated) VDDRF = 3.0V (unless otherwise stated) FC = 315 MHz (unless otherwise stated) Min 290 9.06 2.265 10 -- -- -- -- -- 5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- L(FM) PSPUR Phase Noise Spurious Emissions -- -- Typ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.2 -- -12 -4 2 4 7.5 8.5 9.0 -86 -- Max 350 10.94 2.735 15 7 70 -10 3 10 80 40 40 1.5 -70 -- -- -- -- -- 9.5 10.5 -- -54 Units MHz MHz MHz pF pF dB ppm ppm kHz Kbit/s Kbit/s ms dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm RFEN=1 RFEN=1 RFEN=1 RFEN=1 RFEN=1, VDDRF=2.0V RFEN=1, VDDRF=3.0V RFEN=1, VDDRF=4.0V RFEN=1, VDDRF=5.0V 47 MHz < f < 74 MHZ 87.5 MHz < f < 118 MHZ 174 MHz < f < 230 MHZ 470 MHz < f < 862 MHZ RBW = 100 kHz f < 1 GHZ RBW = 100 kHz f > 1 GHZ RBW = 1 MHz Crystal temp constant Depends on crystal parameters NRZ NRZ For FSK operation Comments 32 x FRFXTAL Fundamental mode FRFXTAL / 4
RF Transmitter Specifications
Sym FC FXTAL FREF CL CO RS ASPUR FVDD FTA F RFSK RASK TON POFF P1 P2 P3 P4
Characteristics VCO Frequency Crystal Frequency Reference Frequency Load Capacitance Static Capacitance Series Resistance Spurious response Frequency Stability vs VDDRF Frequency Stability vs Temp FSK Deviation FSK Data Rate ASK Data Rate RFEN High to Transmit RF Output Power in Step 0 RF Output Power in Step 1 RF Output Power in Step 2 RF Output Power in Step 3 RF Output Power in Step 4
dBc/Hz 200 kHz offset
-- --
-- --
-36 -30
dBm dBm
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TABLE 13-12: rfPIC12F675F RF TRANSMITTER SPECIFICATIONS (434 MHz)
Standard Operating Conditions TA = +23C (unless otherwise stated) VDDRF = 3.0V (unless otherwise stated) FC = 433.92 MHz (unless otherwise stated) Min 380 11.88 2.97 10 -- -- -- -- -- 5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- L(FM) PSPUR Phase Noise Spurious Emissions -- -- Typ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.8 -- -12 -4 2 4 7.5 8.5 9.0 -86 -- Max 450 14.06 3.515 15 7 70 -10 3 10 80 40 40 1.2 -70 -- -- -- -- -- 9.5 10.5 -- -54 Units MHz MHz MHz pF pF dB ppm ppm kHz Kbit/s Kbit/s ms dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm RFEN=1 RFEN=1 RFEN=1 RFEN=1 RFEN=1, VDDRF=2.0V RFEN=1, VDDRF=3.0V RFEN=1, VDDRF=4.0V RFEN=1, VDDRF=5.0V 47 MHz < f < 74 MHZ 87.5 MHz < f < 118 MHZ 174 MHz < f < 230 MHZ 470 MHz < f < 862 MHZ RBW = 100 kHz f < 1 GHZ RBW = 100 kHz f > 1 GHZ RBW = 1 MHz Crystal temp constant Depends on crystal parameters NRZ NRZ For FSK operation Comments 32 x FRFXTAL Fundamental mode FRFXTAL / 4
RF Transmitter Specifications
Sym FC FXTAL FREF CL CO RS ASPUR FVDD FTA F RFSK RASK TON POFF P1 P2 P3 P4
Characteristics VCO Frequency Crystal Frequency Reference Frequency Load Capacitance Static Capacitance Series Resistance Spurious response Frequency Stability vs VDDRF Frequency Stability vs Temp FSK Deviation FSK Data Rate ASK Data Rate RFEN High to Transmit RF Output Power in Step 0 RF Output Power in Step 1 RF Output Power in Step 2 RF Output Power in Step 3 RF Output Power in Step 4
dBc/Hz 200 kHz offset
-- --
-- --
-36 -30
dBm dBm
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TABLE 13-13: RFPIC12F675H RF TRANSMITTER SPECIFICATIONS (868/915 MHz)
Standard Operating Conditions TA = +23C (unless otherwise stated) VDDRF = 3.0V (unless otherwise stated) FC = 868.3 MHz (unless otherwise stated) Min 850 26.56 3.32 10 -- -- -- -- -- 5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- L(FM) PSPUR Phase Noise Spurious Emissions -- -- Typ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.6 -- -12 -4 2 4 7.5 8.5 9.0 -82 -- Max 930 29.06 3.63 15 7 50 -10 3 10 80 40 40 1.0 -70 -- -- -- -- -- 9.5 10.5 -- -54 Units MHz MHz MHz pF pF dB ppm ppm kHz Kbit/s Kbit/s ms dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm RFEN=1 RFEN=1 RFEN=1 RFEN=1 RFEN=1, VDDRF=2.0V RFEN=1, VDDRF=3.0V RFEN=1, VDDRF=4.0V RFEN=1, VDDRF=5.0V 47 MHz < f < 74 MHZ 87.5 MHz < f < 118 MHZ 174 MHz < f < 230 MHZ 470 MHz < f < 862 MHZ RBW = 100 kHz f < 1 GHZ RBW = 100 kHz f > 1 GHZ RBW = 1 MHz Crystal temp constant Depends on crystal parameters NRZ NRZ For FSK operation Comments 32 x FRFXTAL Fundamental mode FRFXTAL / 8
RF Transmitter Specifications
Sym FC FXTAL FREF CL CO RS ASPUR FVDD FTA F RFSK RASK TON POFF P1 P2 P3 P4
Characteristics VCO Frequency Crystal Frequency Reference Frequency Load Capacitance Static Capacitance Series Resistance Spurious response Frequency Stability vs VDDRF Frequency Stability vs Temp FSK Deviation FSK Data Rate ASK Data Rate RFEN High to Transmit RF Output Power in Step 0 RF Output Power in Step 1 RF Output Power in Step 2 RF Output Power in Step 3 RF Output Power in Step 4
dBc/Hz 200 kHz offset
-- --
-- --
-36 -30
dBm dBm
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NOTES:
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14.0 DC AND AC CHARACTERISTICS GRAPHS AND TABLES
The graphs and tables provided in this section are for design guidance and are not tested. In some graphs or tables, the data presented are outside specified operating range (i.e., outside specified VDD range). This is for information only and devices are ensured to operate properly only within the specified range. The data presented in this section is a statistical summary of data collected on units from different lots over a period of time and matrix samples. 'Typical' represents the mean of the distribution at 25C. 'Max' or 'min' represents (mean + 3) or (mean - 3) respectively, where is standard deviation, over the whole temperature range.
FIGURE 14-1:
TYPICAL IPD vs. VDD OVER TEMP (-40C TO +25C)
Typical Baseline IPD
6.0E-09 5.0E-09 4.0E-09 3.0E-09 2.0E-09 1.0E-09 0.0E+00 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 -40 0 25
IPD (A)
VDD (V)
FIGURE 14-2:
TYPICAL IPD vs. VDD OVER TEMP (+85C)
Typical Baseline IPD
3.5E-07 3.0E-07 2.5E-07
IPD (A)
2.0E-07 1.5E-07 1.0E-07 5.0E-08 0.0E+00 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 85
VDD (V)
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FIGURE 14-3: TYPICAL IPD vs. VDD OVER TEMP (+125C)
Typical Baseline IPD
4.0E-06 3.5E-06 3.0E-06
IPD (A)
2.5E-06 2.0E-06 1.5E-06 1.0E-06 5.0E-07 0.0E+00 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 125
VDD (V)
FIGURE 14-4:
MAXIMUM IPD vs. VDD OVER TEMP (-40C TO +25C)
Maximum Baseline IPD
1.0E-07 9.0E-08 8.0E-08 7.0E-08
IPD (A)
6.0E-08 5.0E-08 4.0E-08 3.0E-08 2.0E-08 1.0E-08
-40 0 25
0.0E+00 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
VDD (V)
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FIGURE 14-5: MAXIMUM IPD vs. VDD OVER TEMP (+85C)
Maximum Baseline IPD
9.0E-07 8.0E-07 7.0E-07 6.0E-07 5.0E-07 4.0E-07 3.0E-07 2.0E-07 1.0E-07 0.0E+00 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 85
IPD (A)
VDD (V)
FIGURE 14-6:
MAXIMUM IPD vs. VDD OVER TEMP (+125C)
Maximum Baseline IPD
9.0E-06 8.0E-06 7.0E-06 6.0E-06 5.0E-06 4.0E-06 3.0E-06 2.0E-06 1.0E-06 0.0E+00 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 125
IPD (A)
VDD (V)
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FIGURE 14-7: TYPICAL IPD WITH BOD ENABLED vs. VDD OVER TEMP (-40C TO +125C)
Typical BOD IPD
130 120 110 -40 0 25 85 125
IPD (uA)
100 90 80 70 60 50 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
VDD(V)
FIGURE 14-8:
TYPICAL IPD WITH CMP ENABLED vs. VDD OVER TEMP (-40C TO +125C)
Typical Comparator IPD
1.8E-05 1.6E-05 1.4E-05 1.2E-05 -40 0 25 85 125
IPD (A)
1.0E-05 8.0E-06 6.0E-06 4.0E-06 2.0E-06 0.0E+00 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
VDD (V)
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FIGURE 14-9: TYPICAL IPD WITH A/D ENABLED vs. VDD OVER TEMP (-40C TO +25C)
Typical A/D IPD
5.0E-09 4.5E-09 4.0E-09 3.5E-09 3.0E-09 2.5E-09 2.0E-09 1.5E-09 1.0E-09 5.0E-10 0.0E+00 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
IPD (A)
-40 0 25
VDD (V)
FIGURE 14-10:
TYPICAL IPD WITH A/D ENABLED vs. VDD OVER TEMP (+85C)
Typical A/D IPD
3.5E-07 3.0E-07 2.5E-07
IPD (A)
2.0E-07 85 1.5E-07 1.0E-07 5.0E-08
0.0E+00 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
VDD (V)
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FIGURE 14-11: TYPICAL IPD WITH A/D ENABLED vs. VDD OVER TEMP (+125C)
Typical A/D IPD
3.5E-06 3.0E-06
IPD (A)
2.5E-06 2.0E-06 1.5E-06 1.0E-06 5.0E-07 0.0E+00 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 125
VDD (V)
FIGURE 14-12:
TYPICAL IPD WITH T1 OSC ENABLED vs. VDD OVER TEMP (-40C TO +125C), 32 KHZ, C1 AND C2=50 pF)
Typical T1 IPD
1.20E-05 1.00E-05 8.00E-06 6.00E-06 4.00E-06 2.00E-06 0.00E+00 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 -40 0 25 85 125
IPD (A)
VDD (V)
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FIGURE 14-13: TYPICAL IPD WITH CVREF ENABLED vs. VDD OVER TEMP (-40C TO +125C)
Typical CVREF IPD
160 140
IPD (uA)
120 100 80 60 40 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
-40 0 25 85 125
VDD (V)
FIGURE 14-14:
TYPICAL IPD WITH WDT ENABLED vs. VDD OVER TEMP (-40C TO +125C)
Typical WDT IPD
16 14 12 -40 0 25 85 125
IPD (uA)
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
VDD (V)
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FIGURE 14-15: MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM INTOSC FREQ vs. TEMPERATURE WITH 0.1F AND 0.01F DECOUPLING (VDD = 3.5V)
Internal Oscillator Frequency vs Temperature
4.20E+06 4.15E+06
Frequency (Hz)
4.10E+06 4.05E+06 4.00E+06 3.95E+06 3.90E+06 3.85E+06 3.80E+06 -40C 0C 25C 85C 125C -3sigma average +3sigma
Temperature (C)
FIGURE 14-16:
MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM INTOSC FREQ vs. VDD WITH 0.1F AND 0.01F DECOUPLING (+25C)
Internal Oscillator Frequency vs VDD
4.20E+06
Frequency (Hz)
4.15E+06 4.10E+06 4.05E+06 4.00E+06 3.95E+06 3.90E+06 3.85E+06 3.80E+06 2.0V 2.5V 3.0V 3.5V 4.0V 4.5V 5.0V 5.5V -3sigma average +3sigma
VDD (V)
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FIGURE 14-17: TYPICAL WDT PERIOD vs. VDD (-40C TO +125C)
WDT Time-out
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
Time (mS)
-40 0 25 85 125
V DD (V)
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NOTES:
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15.0
15.1
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Package Marking Information
20-Lead SSOP XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX YYWWNNN
Example rfPICTM 12F675H 0314CBP
Legend:
XX...X Y YY WW NNN
Customer specific information* Year code (last digit of calendar year) Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) Week code (week of January 1 is week `01') Alphanumeric traceability code
Note:
In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line thus limiting the number of available characters for customer specific information.
*
Standard PICmicro device marking consists of Microchip part number, year code, week code, and traceability code. For PICmicro device marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. Please check with your Microchip Sales Office. For QTP devices, any special marking adders are included in QTP price.
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Package Type: 20-Lead SSOP 20-Lead Plastic Shrink Small Outline (SS) - 209 mil, 5.30 mm (SSOP)
E E1 p
D
B n
2 1
c A
A2
L A1
Number of Pins Pitch Overall Height Molded Package Thickness Standoff Overall Width Molded Package Width Overall Length Foot Length Lead Thickness Foot Angle Lead Width Mold Draft Angle Top Mold Draft Angle Bottom * Controlling Parameter Significant Characteristic
Units Dimension Limits n p A A2 A1 E E1 D L c B
MIN
.068 .064 .002 .299 .201 .278 .022 .004 0 .010 0 0
INCHES* NOM 20 .026 .073 .068 .006 .309 .207 .284 .030 .007 4 .013 5 5
MAX
MIN
.078 .072 .010 .322 .212 .289 .037 .010 8 .015 10 10
MILLIMETERS NOM 20 0.65 1.73 1.85 1.63 1.73 0.05 0.15 7.59 7.85 5.11 5.25 7.06 7.20 0.56 0.75 0.10 0.18 0.00 101.60 0.25 0.32 0 5 0 5
MAX
1.98 1.83 0.25 8.18 5.38 7.34 0.94 0.25 203.20 0.38 10 10
Notes: Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .010" (0.254mm) per side. JEDEC Equivalent: MO-150 Drawing No. C04-072
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APPENDIX A:
Revision A
This is a new data sheet.
DATA SHEET REVISION HISTORY
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INDEX A
A/D ...................................................................................... 39 Acquisition Requirements ........................................... 43 Block Diagram............................................................. 39 Calculating Acquisition Time....................................... 43 Configuration and Operation....................................... 39 Effects of a RESET ..................................................... 44 Internal Sampling Switch (Rss) Impedance ................ 43 Operation During SLEEP ............................................ 44 PIC12F675 Converter Characteristics ...................... 106 Source Impedance...................................................... 43 Summary of Registers ................................................ 44 Absolute Maximum Ratings ................................................ 87 AC Characteristics Industrial and Extended .............................................. 99 Additional Pin Functions ..................................................... 17 Interrupt-on-Change.................................................... 19 Weak Pull-up............................................................... 17 Analog Input Connection Considerations............................ 36 Analog-to-Digital Converter. See A/D Assembler MPASM Assembler..................................................... 81 Operation.................................................................... 34 Operation During SLEEP............................................ 37 Output......................................................................... 36 Reference ................................................................... 37 Response Time .......................................................... 37 Comparator Specifications................ 105, 108, 109, 110, 111 Comparator Voltage Reference Specifications................. 105 Configuration Bits ............................................................... 56 Configuring the Voltage Reference..................................... 37 Crystal Operation................................................................ 57 Crystal Oscillator................................................................. 50
D
Data EEPROM Memory Associated Registers/Bits........................................... 48 Code Protection.......................................................... 48 EEADR Register......................................................... 45 EECON1 Register ...................................................... 45 EECON2 Register ...................................................... 45 EEDATA Register....................................................... 45 Data Memory Organization................................................... 5 DC Characteristics Extended and Industrial.............................................. 96 Industrial ..................................................................... 90 Demonstration Boards PICDEM 1................................................................... 84 PICDEM 17................................................................. 84 PICDEM 18R PIC18C601/801 ................................... 85 PICDEM 2 Plus........................................................... 84 PICDEM 3 PIC16C92X............................................... 84 PICDEM 4................................................................... 84 PICDEM LIN PIC16C43X ........................................... 85 PICDEM USB PIC16C7X5 ......................................... 85 PICDEM.net Internet/Ethernet.................................... 84 Development Support ......................................................... 81 Device Overview................................................................... 3
B
Block Diagram TMR0/WDT Prescaler................................................. 25 Block Diagrams Analog Input Mode...................................................... 36 Analog Input Model ..................................................... 43 Comparator Output ..................................................... 36 Comparator Voltage Reference .................................. 37 GP0 and GP1 Pins...................................................... 20 GP2............................................................................. 21 GP3............................................................................. 21 GP4............................................................................. 22 GP5............................................................................. 22 On-Chip Reset Circuit ................................................. 59 RC Oscillator Mode..................................................... 58 Timer1......................................................................... 28 Watchdog Timer.......................................................... 69 Brown-out Associated Registers .................................................. 62 Brown-out Detect (BOD) ..................................................... 61 Brown-out Detect Timing and Characteristics................... 102
E
EEPROM Data Memory Reading ...................................................................... 47 Spurious Write ............................................................ 47 Write Verify ................................................................. 47 Writing ........................................................................ 47 Electrical Specifications ...................................................... 87 Errata .................................................................................... 2 Evaluation and Programming Tools.................................... 85
C
C Compilers MPLAB C17 ................................................................ 82 MPLAB C18 ................................................................ 82 MPLAB C30 ................................................................ 82 Calibrated Internal RC Frequencies.................................. 100 CLKOUT ............................................................................. 58 Code Examples Changing Prescaler .................................................... 27 Data EEPROM Read .................................................. 47 Data EEPROM Write .................................................. 47 Initializing GPIO .......................................................... 17 Saving STATUS and W Registers in RAM ................. 68 Write Verify ................................................................. 47 Code Protection .................................................................. 69 Comparator ......................................................................... 33 Associated Registers .................................................. 38 Configuration............................................................... 35 Effects of a RESET ..................................................... 37 I/O Operating Modes................................................... 35 Interrupts..................................................................... 38
F
Firmware Instructions ......................................................... 73
G
General Purpose Register File ............................................. 5 GPIO Associated Registers.................................................. 23 GPIO Port ........................................................................... 17 GPIO, TRISIO Registers..................................................... 17
I
ID Locations........................................................................ 69 In-Circuit Debugger............................................................. 71 In-Circuit Serial Programming............................................. 71 Indirect Addressing, INDF and FSR Registers ................... 16 Instruction Format............................................................... 73 Instruction Set..................................................................... 73 ADDLW....................................................................... 75 ADDWF ...................................................................... 75 ANDLW....................................................................... 75 ANDWF ...................................................................... 75 BCF ............................................................................ 75
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BSF ............................................................................. 75 BTFSC ........................................................................ 75 BTFSS ........................................................................ 75 CALL ........................................................................... 76 CLRF........................................................................... 76 CLRW ......................................................................... 76 CLRWDT..................................................................... 76 COMF ......................................................................... 76 DECF .......................................................................... 76 DECFSZ...................................................................... 77 GOTO ......................................................................... 77 INCF............................................................................ 77 INCFSZ ....................................................................... 77 IORLW ........................................................................ 77 IORWF ........................................................................ 77 MOVF.......................................................................... 78 MOVLW ...................................................................... 78 MOVWF ...................................................................... 78 NOP ............................................................................ 78 RETFIE ....................................................................... 78 RETLW ....................................................................... 78 RETURN ..................................................................... 79 RLF ............................................................................. 79 RRF............................................................................. 79 SLEEP ........................................................................ 79 SUBLW ....................................................................... 79 SUBWF ....................................................................... 79 SWAPF ....................................................................... 80 XORLW ....................................................................... 80 XORWF....................................................................... 80 Summary Table........................................................... 74 Internal 4 MHz Oscillator..................................................... 58 Internal Sampling Switch (Rss) Impedance ........................ 43 Interrupts ............................................................................. 65 A/D Converter ............................................................. 67 Comparator ................................................................. 67 Context Saving............................................................ 68 GP2/INT ...................................................................... 67 GPIO ........................................................................... 67 Summary of Registers ................................................ 68 TMR0 .......................................................................... 67 Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) .................................................. 53 PICkit 1 FLASH Starter Kit.................................................. 85 PICSTART Plus Development Programmer....................... 83 Pin Descriptions and Diagrams .......................................... 20 Power Amplifier................................................................... 53 Power Control/Status Register (PCON).............................. 61 Power Select (Table) .......................................................... 53 Power-Down Mode (SLEEP) .............................................. 70 Power-on Reset (POR)....................................................... 60 Power-up Timer (PWRT) .................................................... 60 Prescaler............................................................................. 27 Switching Prescaler Assignment ................................ 27 PRO MATE II Universal Device Programmer ..................... 83 Program Memory Organization............................................. 5 Programming, Device Instructions...................................... 73
R
RC Oscillator....................................................................... 58 READ-MODIFY-WRITE OPERATIONS ............................. 73 Registers ADCON0 (A/D Control)............................................... 41 ANSEL (Analog Select) .............................................. 42 CMCON (Comparator Control) ................................... 33 CONFIG (Configuration Word) ................................... 56 EEADR (EEPROM Address) ...................................... 45 EECON1 (EEPROM Control) ..................................... 46 EEDAT (EEPROM Data) ............................................ 45 INTCON (Interrupt Control)......................................... 11 IOCB (Interrupt-on-Change GPIO) ............................. 19 Maps PIC12F629 ........................................................... 6 PIC12F675 ........................................................... 6 OPTION_REG (Option) ........................................ 10, 26 OSCCAL (Oscillator Calibration) ................................ 14 PCON (Power Control) ............................................... 14 PIE1 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 1)........................... 12 PIR1 (Peripheral Interrupt 1)....................................... 13 STATUS ....................................................................... 9 T1CON (Timer1 Control) ............................................ 30 VRCON (Voltage Reference Control) ......................... 38 WPU (Weak Pull-up)................................................... 18 RESET................................................................................ 59 Revision History................................................................ 125
M
MCLR .................................................................................. 60 Memory Organization Data EEPROM Memory .............................................. 45 Mode Control Logic ............................................................. 54 MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker, Librarian ..................... 82 MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger...................................... 83 MPLAB ICE 2000 High Performance Universal In-Circuit Emulator .............................................................. 83 MPLAB ICE 4000 High Performance Universal In-Circuit Emulator .............................................................. 83 MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software .............................................................................. 81 MPLINK Object Linker/MPLIB Object Librarian .................. 82
S
Software Simulator (MPLAB SIM) ...................................... 82 Software Simulator (MPLAB SIM30) .................................. 82 Special Features of the CPU .............................................. 55 Special Function Registers ................................................... 6 Special Functions Registers Summary................................. 7
T
Time-out Sequence ............................................................ 61 Timer0................................................................................. 25 Associated Registers .................................................. 27 External Clock............................................................. 26 Interrupt ...................................................................... 25 Operation .................................................................... 25 T0CKI ......................................................................... 26 Timer1 Associated Registers .................................................. 31 Asynchronous Counter Mode ..................................... 31 Reading and Writing ........................................... 31 Interrupt ...................................................................... 29 Modes of Operations .................................................. 29 Operation During SLEEP............................................ 31 Oscillator..................................................................... 31 Prescaler .................................................................... 29
O
OPCODE Field Descriptions ............................................... 73 Oscillator Configurations ..................................................... 57 Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) .......................................... 60
P
Package Marking Information ........................................... 123 Packaging Information ...................................................... 123 PCL and PCLATH ............................................................... 15 Computed GOTO ........................................................ 15 Stack ........................................................................... 15
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rfPIC12F675
Timer1 Module with Gate Control ....................................... 28 Timing Diagrams CLKOUT and I/O....................................................... 101 External Clock............................................................. 99 INT Pin Interrupt.......................................................... 67 PIC12F675 A/D Conversion (Normal Mode)............. 107 PIC12F675 A/D Conversion Timing (SLEEP Mode) .......................................................... 108 RESET, Watchdog Timer, Oscillator Start-up Timer and Power-up Timer ....................................... 102 Time-out Sequence on Power-up (MCLR not Tied to VDD)/ Case 1 ................................................................ 64 Case 2 ................................................................ 64 Time-out Sequence on Power-up (MCLR Tied to VDD) ........................................................................ 64 Timer0 and Timer1 External Clock ........................... 104 Timer1 Incrementing Edge.......................................... 29 Timing Parameter Symbology............................................. 98
U
UHF ASK/FSK Transmitter CEPT .......................................................................... 49 FCC............................................................................. 49 Radio Frequency......................................................... 49 Transmitter.................................................................. 49
V
Voltage Reference Accuracy/Error ..................................... 37
W
Watchdog Timer Summary of Registers ................................................ 69 Watchdog Timer (WDT) ...................................................... 68 WWW, On-Line Support ....................................................... 2
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NOTES:
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ON-LINE SUPPORT
Microchip provides on-line support on the Microchip World Wide Web site. The web site is used by Microchip as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. To view the site, the user must have access to the Internet and a web browser, such as Netscape(R) or Microsoft(R) Internet Explorer. Files are also available for FTP download from our FTP site.
SYSTEMS INFORMATION AND UPGRADE HOT LINE
The Systems Information and Upgrade Line provides system users a listing of the latest versions of all of Microchip's development systems software products. Plus, this line provides information on how customers can receive the most current upgrade kits.The Hot Line Numbers are: 1-800-755-2345 for U.S. and most of Canada, and 1-480-792-7302 for the rest of the world.
Connecting to the Microchip Internet Web Site
The Microchip web site is available at the following URL: www.microchip.com The file transfer site is available by using an FTP service to connect to: ftp://ftp.microchip.com The web site and file transfer site provide a variety of services. Users may download files for the latest Development Tools, Data Sheets, Application Notes, User's Guides, Articles and Sample Programs. A variety of Microchip specific business information is also available, including listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives. Other data available for consideration is: * Latest Microchip Press Releases * Technical Support Section with Frequently Asked Questions * Design Tips * Device Errata * Job Postings * Microchip Consultant Program Member Listing * Links to other useful web sites related to Microchip Products * Conferences for products, Development Systems, technical information and more * Listing of seminars and events
092002
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READER RESPONSE
It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip product. If you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation can better serve you, please FAX your comments to the Technical Publications Manager at (480) 792-4150. Please list the following information, and use this outline to provide us with your comments about this document. To: RE: Technical Publications Manager Reader Response Total Pages Sent ________
From: Name Company Address City / State / ZIP / Country Telephone: (_______) _________ - _________ Application (optional): Would you like a reply? Device: rfPIC12F675 Questions: 1. What are the best features of this document? Y N Literature Number: DS70091A FAX: (______) _________ - _________
2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs?
3. Do you find the organization of this document easy to follow? If not, why?
4. What additions to the document do you think would enhance the structure and subject?
5. What deletions from the document could be made without affecting the overall usefulness?
6. Is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)?
7. How would you improve this document?
DS70091A-page 132
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rfPIC12F675
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. PART NO. Device X Temperature Range /XX Package XXX Pattern Examples:
a) b)
Device : Standard VDD range T: (Tape and Reel) rfPIC12F675F - E/SS 301 = Extended Temp., SSOP package, 434 MHz, QTP pattern #301 RFPIC12F675HT - I/SS = Industrial Temp., SSOP package, 868 MHz, Tape and Reel
Temperature Range
I E
= =
-40C to +85C -40C to +125C
Package
SS
=
SSOP
Pattern
3-Digit Pattern Code for QTP (blank otherwise)
* JW Devices are UV erasable and can be programmed to any device configuration. JW Devices meet the electrical requirement of each oscillator type.
Sales and Support
Data Sheets Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recommended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following: 1. 2. 3. Your local Microchip sales office The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277 The Microchip Worldwide Site (www.microchip.com)
Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (include Literature #) you are using. New Customer Notification System Register on our web site (www.microchip.com/cn) to receive the most current information on our products.
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WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE
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03/25/03
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2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

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