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HA12181FP AM Radio Noise Reduction System ADE-207-171A (Z) 2nd. Edition June 1997 Functions * Buffer amp. for audio * Linear approximate circuit for noise reduction * IF Amp., detector, audio amp. and AGC circuit for noise detection * Gate pulse generator Features * High noise cancelling capacity: 46 dB typ. * Less gain loss: GV = -0.5 dB typ. * Low total harmonic destortion and high signal-to noise ratio: THD = 0.06% typ., S/N = 75 dB typ. * Operation supply voltage range: 7.0 V to 10 V (8.2 V typ.) * Less external parts count HA12181FP Block Diagram R500 100 k IF AGC + C502 0.01 3.3 Det. 1 14 15 12 C503 C504 0.22 R502 22 k R505 47 k AF AGC Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 2 of 21 IF AGC OR HPF1 LPF Pulse Det.(2) (1) (2) 13 IF Input 16 Pulse Det.(1) Gate pulse Gen. IF Amp. LPF Det. Pulse Det. HPF AF Amp. AF AGC Noise AGC Stabi. Volt. 2nd IFT 4 ANT 7 SW2 SW1 1st IFT C501 1000 p VCC (8.2 V) + R506 12 k SW4 Gate pulse (1) Gate pulse (2) Phase Circuit SW3 AF Input Hight-pass Amp. (waveform compensation) RF MIX IF Det. +3 Buffer Amp. C506 100 C513 1 Stabilized Voltage Circuit 2 5 6 8 Level Diff. Det. Circuit Stabilized Current Circuit (waveform compensation) OSC SW5 AM-IC 10 9 11 C500 0.033 Capacitor for Pahse C512 0.068 Capacitor for Hold C511 0.033 AF Output Capacitor C509 + for By-pass R503 0.033 180 k C508 C510 R504 0.033 Capacitor 1 4.7 k for waveform compensation Gate Time Constant C507 2200 p Unit R: C:F HA12181FP Table of Pin Description and External Parts External parts DC voltage (V) (No Function input) Equivalent circuit 2.7 Influence of External parts Smaller than recommended value Longer distortion of recover. No. of pin Name 1 No. R500 C502 Larger than recom- recommended mended value value 100 K 3.3 Longer time to stabilize AGC. IF AGC Time constant for IF AGC. 1 R500 100k C502 3.3 + 2 Bias1 Bypass for voltage Stabi. Input of AF. 3.2 2 C500 0.033 C500 0.033 -- Increased noise. 3 AF input 3.3 20k C513 1 -- -- 3 + C513 AF IN 4 Bias2 Decide 1.3 the current of filter network. 3.3 5 R506 4 12 K Cut off frequency of L*P*F and H*P*F shifted lower. Cut off frequency of L*P*F and H*P*F shifted higher. 5 Phase Phase circuit C512 0.068 Must be used on the recommended value. C512 0.068 Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 3 of 21 HA12181FP Table of Pin Description and External Parts (cont) External parts DC voltage (V) (No Function input) Equivalent circuit Hold of level difference. 3.3 Influence of External parts Smaller than recommended value No. of pin Name 6 Hold No. C511 Larger than recom- recommended mended value value 0.033 Must be used on the recommended value. 6 C511 0.033 7 8 GND HighPass. GND High3.3 Pass AMP. (Waveform Compensation) -- -- C510 -- 0.033 -- -- Must be used on the recommended value. 8 C510 0.033 9 AF out Output of 3.3 AF C508 R504 1 4.7 K Output DC cut Output load 9 + C508 1 R504 4.7k 10 Wave form Wave3.3 form Compensation 10 C509 0.033 C509 0.033 Must be used on the recommended value. Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 4 of 21 HA12181FP Table of Pin Description and External Parts (cont) External parts DC voltage (V) (No Function input) Equivalent circuit Gate pulse generation 4.5V Influence of External parts Smaller than recommended value Gate pulse width become narrow. No. of pin Name 11 Gate No. R503 C507 Larger than recom- recommended mended value value 180 K 2200 P Gate pulse width become wider. 0 11 C507 2200p R503 180k 12 Vth Determi- 1.1 nation of noise detection sensitivit y VCC 8.2 3.3 R502 22 K 12 R502 22k Higher noise detection sensitivity. Lower noise detection sensitivity. 13 14 VCC -- -- C503 -- 0.01 -- -- -- -- IF Det. IF AGC detector 14 C503 0.01 13 15 AF AGC Time constant for AF AGC 0 R505 C504 47 K 0.22 Longer time to stabilize AGC. Missoperaton in noise detector. 15 C504 0.22 R505 47k Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 5 of 21 HA12181FP Table of Pin Description and External Parts (cont) External parts DC voltage (V) (No Function input) Equivalent circuit IF input 1.3 30k Influence of External parts Smaller than recommended value Coupling Instability No. of pin Name 16 IF in No. Larger than recom- recommended mended value value IF Input -- 16 C501 1000p IF IN Absolute Maximum Ratings (Ta = 25C) Item Supply voltage Power dissipation Operating temperature Storage temperature Note: 1. Value at Ta = 85C Symbol VCC Pd Topr Tstg Rating 16 400* 1 Unit V mW C C -40 to +85 -55 to +125 Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 6 of 21 HA12181FP Electrical Characteristics (Tentative) (VCC = 8.2 V, Ta = 25C, Pin 3 input: Vin = 100 mVrms, f = 1 KHz, Pin 16 input: Vin = 74 dB, fc = 450 KHz, fm = 1 KHz, m = 30%) Item Supply current Output voltage Total harmonic distortion Signal-to-noise ratio Strong input total harmonic distortion Recovered output voltage Recovered output signal-tonoise-ratio Noise suppression ratio Symbol ICC Vout THD1 S/N (1) THD2 VO (AF) S/N (2) NSR Min -- 70 -- 60 -- 50 35 35 Typ 11.0 95 0.06 75 1.0 78 45 46 Max -- 120 0.3 -- 2.5 120 -- -- Unit mA Test conditions No input signal, IC only mVrms Pin 3 input only % dB % Pin 3 input Vin = 100 mVrms (Reference), Rg = 10 K Pin 3 input Vin = 500 mVrms mVrms Pin 16 input only dB dB Input the waveform below. Pin 3 input Vin = 100 mVrms (Reference) no input sine wave 100mV Pin 16 Input 2ms 10s Figure 1 Input Waveform at Measurement of Noise Suppression Ratio Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 7 of 21 HA12181FP Test Circuit VCC (8.2V) Det.Out B + A R505 C504 47k 0.22 IF-IN PULSE-IN C501 1000p 50 AM-SG R502 R503 C507 C509 15k 180k 2200p 0.033 C503 0.01 + R504 4.7k C OUT + C508 C506 100 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 1 1 AF-IN + 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 C513 1 50 R500 100k AF-SG + C502 3.3 C500 0.033 R506 12k C512 C511 0.068 0.033 C510 0.033 Unit R: C:F Note: 1. Resistors tolerance are within 5%. 2. Capacitors tolerance (C509 to C512) are within 5%, other capacitor are within 10%. Operation Principle 16 IF ANT. 1st IFT A Noise Detector B RF CONV. IF DET C 3 Processing Waveform Circuit 9 Out AM-IC HA12181FP D Figure 2 System Block Diagram of AM Radio Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 8 of 21 HA12181FP A system block diagram of AM Radio using the HA12181FP is shown in Figure 2 and waveforms at each point in the system are illustrated in Figure 3. For AM wave with impulse noise from ANT, the pulse spreads its width each time when the AM wave passes through a selection filter. The pulse width becomes the order of several hundred microseconds at detector output (Point C). A radio without a noise canceller produces large noise to the audience. This IC perfectly detects every noise by using the signals from 1st IFT (Point B) in front of the narrow band filter. The wave process circuit approximates the voltage linearly at the pulse to reduce the noise in the output. The principle for wave processing follows. Further investigation make it clear that the pulse width of impulse noise is constant (several handred microseconds) and independent of the waveform or waveheight. Therefore the former and later voltage (VA, VB) of the pulse can be found at the same time (T1) by means of the wave and the delayed one for this time, as shown in the right figure. Each Point in the Figure Waveform including Noise A Narrower Pulse Width and Higher Wave Height B Point D VB Point C C Wider Pulse Width and Lower Wave Height T1 T2 VA D Noiseless Figure 3 Waveforms at Each Point in the System In an actual circuit, the differential voltage between input and output of phase shift circuit is changed to the capacitor C511 at pin 6. At the time of T1, when the switch turns to the noise processing mode (the switch positions in Figure 4 are inverted), the voltage difference (VA - VB) is held in C511. C509 at pin 10 is changed by the differential voltage between the held voltage and the output voltage at pin 9 (VA): VA - (VA - VB) = VB. Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 9 of 21 HA12181FP As the initial voltage of C509 is equal to the output voltage (VA) before the switch change, the voltage between terminals of C509 is changed from VA to VB. The waveform which change up to C509 becomes the output, because the voltage of C509 appears at pin 9 through the buffer. The changed up waveform of C509 is almost linearly approximated because of the constant current change by the feedback from the output at pin 9. At the time of T2 when the awitches change to the normal mode (the switch position in Figure 4), the output recovers smoothly as the voltage of C509 is VB. However the unmatch of the wave delay time due to the pulse width or the phase circuit and the offset of circuit make a slight step difference on the waverform at the moment of switch change. LPF, consisting of R1 and C509 make it smooth. The frequency characteristics, which is detriorated by LPF in the normalmode, is compensated so that it might become flat. C509 and C510 should have the same capacity, and the tolerance must be within 5%. 3 Phase Circuit HPFAmp. R1 Buffer 9 Out + Subtraction - Circuit + Constant Current - Circuit(Subtraction Circuit) R2 5 6 8 10 C512 C511 C510 C509 Figure 4 Waveform Processing Circuit Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 10 of 21 R500 100 k IF AGC + C502 0.01 3.3 Det. 1 14 15 12 C503 C504 0.22 R502 22 k R505 47 k AF AGC IF AGC OR HPF1 LPF Pulse Det.(2) (1) (2) IF Input 16 Pulse Det.(1) Gate pulse Gen. IF Amp. LPF Det. Pulse Det. HPF AF Amp. AF AGC Noise AGC Stabi. Volt. 2nd IFT 4 1st IFT R506 12 k 7 SW2 SW1 C501 1000 p 13 VCC (8.2 V) + Two signals dummy ANT. Gate pulse (1) Gate pulse (2) Phase Circuit SW3 SW4 AF Input 50 Evaluation Circuit for Noise Reduction Effect Pulse SG. RF C513 1 MIX Det. IF +3 Hight-pass Amp. (waveform compensation) Buffer Amp. C506 100 50 AM SG. OSC AM-IC 2 5 6 Stabilized Voltage Circuit Level Diff. Det. Circuit Stabilized Current Circuit (waveform compensation) 8 SW5 C500 0.033 Capacitor for Pahse C512 0.068 Capacitor for Hold C511 0.033 10 9 11 Gate Time AF Output Capacitor C509 Constant + for By-pass R503 0.033 C507 180 k C508 C510 2200 p 0.033 Capacitor 1 R504 for waveform 4.7 k Noise compensation Meter Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 11 of 21 Unit R: C:F HA12181FP HA12181FP Example of Noise Reduction Effect 20 10 0 Two Signals dummy ANT. VCC=8.2V AM SG : fc=999kHz, m=30%, fm=1kHz Pulse : No input Vout -10 Output (dB) NRoff 50 Pulse SG. 50 16 16 15p To ANT Pulse SG Output (EMF) 10s 100mVP-P 16 30 65p -20 -30 -40 Pulse : No input AM SG. 2s NRon Noise Figure.2 AM SG : fc=999kHz, no mod. Pulse SG : Refer to Figure.2 -50 -60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 AM SG Output (EMF) (dB) 90 100 110 120 20 10 0 Two Signals dummy ANT. VCC=8.2V AM SG : fc=999kHz, m=30%, fm=1kHz Pulse : No input Vout -10 50 Pulse SG. 50 AM SG. 16 16 15p To ANT Pulse SG Output (EMF) 10s Output (dB) -20 NRon NRoff 16 30 65p 100mVP-P 10s -30 -40 -50 -60 0 Figure.3 Noise AM SG : fc=999kHz, no mod. Pulse SG : Refer to Figure.2 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 AM SG Output (EMF) (dB) 90 100 110 120 Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 12 of 21 HA12181FP PC Board Layout Pattern C507 VCC + C506 R503 R502 R504 C508 C504 R501 C503 C501 + C509 16 C510 C511 Vout IF in C513 R506 C502 R500 C505 + C512 AF in + HA12181FP (Top view) FN-8648 HA12181FP (Bottom view) Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 13 of 21 HA12181FP Main Characteristics Vin max (Vrms) Vout (dB) 10 0 -2 -4 -6 Vout : Vin = 100 mVrms const Vout (0 dB = 96 mVrms) 2.0 1.5 1.0 -8 -10 -12 0.5 Vin Max (THD 1.0%) 0 40 100 200 400 1k f (Hz) 2k 4k 10 k 20 k 50 k 0.5 Vin = 100 mVrms 0.4 THD (%) 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 40 100 200 400 f (Hz) 1k 2k 4k 10 k Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 14 of 21 HA12181FP 10 Vo (AF) : 0 dB = 76 mVrms 0 -10 -20 Vout (dB) fc = 450 kHz, m = 30%, fm = 1kHz -30 -40 Noise (no modulation) -50 -60 -70 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Vin (EMF) (dB) 50 Pulse input at Gate ON 10s V pulse 2ms 20 10 V pulse (mVp-p) 5 2 1 0.5 0.2 1k 5k 10 k R () 50 k 100 k Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 15 of 21 HA12181FP Vout (mVrms) 120 Vout 80 60 40 20 0.5 100 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 THD1 (%) THD1 0 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 VCC (V) 12 13 14 15 16 THD2 (%) 120 1.0 100 S : 100 mVrms = 0 dB S/N1 (dB) 0.8 80 S/N1 N : no-input 0.6 60 0.4 40 THD2 (Vin = 500 mVrms, f = 1 kHz) 0.2 20 0 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 VCC (V) 12 13 14 15 16 Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 16 of 21 HA12181FP Vo (AF) (mVrms) 60 120 S/N2 50 100 40 S/N2 (dB) 80 Vo (AF) 30 60 Vin = 74 dB fc = 450 kHz fm = 1 kHZ m = 30% 20 40 10 20 0 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 VCC (V) 12 13 14 15 16 60 60 50 50 NSR (pulse input) 40 40 30 30 20 20 ICC (no-input) 10 10 0 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 VCC (V) 12 13 14 15 16 Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 17 of 21 HA12181FP V pulse (mVp-p) 1.0 0.8 V pulse (Pulse input level at Gate on) 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 VCC (V) 12 13 14 15 16 0.5 100 Vout 0.4 80 0.3 Vout (AF) (mVrms) 60 VCC = 8.2 V Vin = 100 mVrms, f = 1 kHz 40 20 THD1 0 -40 0.2 0.1 THD1 (%) 0 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Ta ( C) Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 18 of 21 HA12181FP NSR (dB) 60 ICC (mA) 60 VCC = 8.2 V 50 NSR (pulse input) 40 30 20 ICC (no-input) 10 0 -40 50 40 30 20 10 0 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Ta ( C) Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 19 of 21 HA12181FP Package Dimensions Unit: mm 10.06 10.5 Max 16 9 1 0.22 0.05 0.20 0.04 8 0.80 Max 5.5 0.20 7.80 + 0.30 - 2.20 Max 1.15 1.27 0.10 0.10 0 - 8 0.70 0.20 0.42 0.08 0.40 0.06 0.15 0.12 M Hitachi Code JEDEC Code EIAJ Code Weight FP-16DA -- SC-530-16C 0.24 g Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 20 of 21 HA12181FP Disclaimer 1. Hitachi neither warrants nor grants licenses of any rights of Hitachi's or any third party's patent, copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property rights for information contained in this document. Hitachi bears no responsibility for problems that may arise with third party's rights, including intellectual property rights, in connection with use of the information contained in this document. 2. Products and product specifications may be subject to change without notice. Confirm that you have received the latest product standards or specifications before final design, purchase or use. 3. Hitachi makes every attempt to ensure that its products are of high quality and reliability. However, contact Hitachi's sales office before using the product in an application that demands especially high quality and reliability or where its failure or malfunction may directly threaten human life or cause risk of bodily injury, such as aerospace, aeronautics, nuclear power, combustion control, transportation, traffic, safety equipment or medical equipment for life support. 4. Design your application so that the product is used within the ranges guaranteed by Hitachi particularly for maximum rating, operating supply voltage range, heat radiation characteristics, installation conditions and other characteristics. Hitachi bears no responsibility for failure or damage when used beyond the guaranteed ranges. Even within the guaranteed ranges, consider normally foreseeable failure rates or failure modes in semiconductor devices and employ systemic measures such as failsafes, so that the equipment incorporating Hitachi product does not cause bodily injury, fire or other consequential damage due to operation of the Hitachi product. 5. This product is not designed to be radiation resistant. 6. No one is permitted to reproduce or duplicate, in any form, the whole or part of this document without written approval from Hitachi. 7. Contact Hitachi's sales office for any questions regarding this document or Hitachi semiconductor products. Sales Offices Hitachi, Ltd. Semiconductor & Integrated Circuits. Nippon Bldg., 2-6-2, Ohte-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan Tel: Tokyo (03) 3270-2111 Fax: (03) 3270-5109 URL NorthAmerica : http://semiconductor.hitachi.com/ Europe : http://www.hitachi-eu.com/hel/ecg Asia : http://sicapac.hitachi-asia.com Japan : http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Sicd/indx.htm For further information write to: Hitachi Europe GmbH Electronic Components Group Dornacher Strae 3 D-85622 Feldkirchen, Munich Germany Tel: <49> (89) 9 9180-0 Fax: <49> (89) 9 29 30 00 Hitachi Europe Ltd. Electronic Components Group. Whitebrook Park Lower Cookham Road Maidenhead Berkshire SL6 8YA, United Kingdom Tel: <44> (1628) 585000 Fax: <44> (1628) 585160 Hitachi Asia Ltd. Hitachi Tower 16 Collyer Quay #20-00, Singapore 049318 Tel : <65>-538-6533/538-8577 Fax : <65>-538-6933/538-3877 URL : http://www.hitachi.com.sg Hitachi Asia Ltd. (Taipei Branch Office) 4/F, No. 167, Tun Hwa North Road, Hung-Kuo Building, Taipei (105), Taiwan Tel : <886>-(2)-2718-3666 Fax : <886>-(2)-2718-8180 Telex : 23222 HAS-TP URL : http://www.hitachi.com.tw Hitachi Asia (Hong Kong) Ltd. Group III (Electronic Components) 7/F., North Tower, World Finance Centre, Harbour City, Canton Road Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong Tel : <852>-(2)-735-9218 Fax : <852>-(2)-730-0281 URL : http://www.hitachi.com.hk Hitachi Semiconductor (America) Inc. 179 East Tasman Drive, San Jose,CA 95134 Tel: <1> (408) 433-1990 Fax: <1>(408) 433-0223 Copyright Hitachi, Ltd., 2000. All rights reserved. Printed in Japan. Colophon 2.0 Rev.2, Jun. 1997, page 21 of 21 |
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